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Kharg Island, a strategic location in the Persian Gulf, has become a front-line target in the ongoing conflict between the United States and Iran. The island is the heart of Iran's oil trade, and the US has struck military sites there, escalating tensions in the region.Despite the critical role Kharg Island plays in Iran's economy, 8,000 people call the island home. Their lives have been severely impacted by the conflict, with bombs falling and ships stopped from moving. The situation on the ground is dire, with residents facing significant challenges in their daily lives.The US naval blockade on Iranian ports has further exacerbated the situation, severely impacting Iran's oil exports and economy. The blockade is part of a broader effort by the US to enforce sanctions on Iran and limit its ability to export oil.The conflict has significant implications for the global economy, particularly in terms of oil prices and supply chains. As tensions continue to escalate, the international community is watching closely to see how the situation will unfold.

A fire erupted at one of Australia’s most important oil refineries, prompting authorities to assess the impact on the nation’s fuel supply chain. The incident comes at a time when regional fuel markets are already under pressure due to shortages linked to the Iran war, raising the risk of tighter gasoline and diesel availability for consumers and businesses.Officials have mobilised emergency response teams to contain the blaze and evaluate damage to processing units. While the refinery’s full operational status remains uncertain, preliminary reports suggest that production could be curtailed for several days, potentially affecting export volumes and domestic distribution.Energy analysts warn that any prolonged disruption could push fuel prices higher across Australian markets, especially as the country already faces import constraints from the broader geopolitical tension surrounding Iran. The incident underscores the fragility of supply chains that rely on a limited number of large‑scale facilities.Stakeholders are monitoring the situation closely, with the government urging consumers to practice fuel‑saving measures while the refinery works to restore normal operations.

South Korea is seeking to capitalize on the Iran crisis to accelerate its transition to renewable energy, with a focus on expanding its 'solar income village' program. The initiative, which aims to reach 2,500 villages by 2030, has already shown promising results in rural areas like Guyang-ri, where a one-megawatt solar installation generates $6,800 in net profit monthly. The village uses this revenue to fund communal benefits, including free meals for residents and a 'happiness bus' for elderly people. This approach has strengthened community bonds and improved quality of life, demonstrating the potential for renewable energy to drive social and economic development. President Lee Jae Myung has emphasized the need for a faster clean energy transition, citing South Korea's heavy reliance on imported energy, including crude oil from the Strait of Hormuz. The government has increased funding for renewable energy projects, allocating a supplementary budget of about 500bn won to energy transition, which includes grid infrastructure upgrades and support for renewable energy projects. However, challenges persist, including the country's reliance on Chinese supply chains for solar panels and the need to address grid capacity limitations. Environmental groups have expressed concerns that the government's response to energy transition falls short, citing the allocation of 5tn won to absorb fossil fuel price hikes, including direct subsidies to oil refineries. Despite these challenges, experts believe that the window for transformative change is open, and the government's institutional courage will be crucial in defining South Korea's energy future.

The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), a leading certifier of sustainable seafood, has been accused of masking widespread labour abuses through its 'blue tick' scheme. A recent study found that one in five vessels where crew reported abuses to the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) were certified by the MSC.The study identified 80 cases of labour abuses onboard 72 vessels in 25 MSC-certified fisheries across the globe. These abuses included forced labour, human trafficking, and forced criminalisation, as well as unpaid or delayed wages, excessive hours, violence, harassment, and denial of medical care.The MSC has long claimed that it is an environmental organisation with no social assurance mandate nor labour assessment capacity. However, Chris Williams, ITF fisheries co-ordinator, said that this risks masking abuses and leading people to buy products that aren't necessarily what they think they are.Dr. Jessica Sparks, co-author of the report, added that the MSC's policies and practices may obscure labour abuses in seafood supply chains by undermining enforcement efforts and reducing scrutiny. The study's findings have sparked concerns that the MSC's 'blue tick' scheme may be creating an 'illusion' of ethical sourcing.The International Labour Organization estimated in 2022 that about 128,000 workers were trapped in forced labour on fishing vessels globally. The MSC has engaged in evolving efforts to support the elimination of forced and child labour in supply chains, but critics argue that more needs to be done.

Europe is projected to run out of jet fuel in about six weeks, according to the head of the International Energy Agency, raising the spectre of widespread flight cancellations.Fatih Birol told the Associated Press that without a rapid restoration of oil shipments from the Middle East, airlines could soon be forced to drop routes, warning that “some flights from city A to city B might be cancelled as a result of lack of jet fuel.”The shortage stems from the US‑Israel war on Iran, which has snarled global energy markets since the initial strikes in late February. In retaliation, Iran has effectively sealed the Strait of Hormuz, a critical artery for Gulf oil exports.Although a two‑week ceasefire was recently brokered, negotiations to end the hostilities have stalled, leaving the supply disruption unresolved.Meanwhile, Brent crude futures are trading more than 30% above pre‑war levels, intensifying pressure on fuel prices and adding to political scrutiny in the United States.Jet‑fuel shipments that departed before the conflict have largely arrived in Europe, but the remaining reserves are rapidly being drawn down, leaving the continent vulnerable.Airports Council International Europe has warned EU energy and transport commissioners that the region could face fuel shortages within three weeks, echoing industry norms that typically maintain about six weeks of fuel on hand.Birol warned that the situation represents a “dire strait” with serious ramifications for the global economy, noting that prolonged disruption would exacerbate inflation and dampen growth worldwide.The anticipated fallout includes higher petrol, gas and electricity prices, with the impact expected to be uneven across different regions.Airlines are already scrapping marginally profitable routes, especially those without robust hedging strategies, and even carriers with hedged fuel costs may need to reconsider schedules.Despite the broader concerns, British low‑cost carrier easyJet asserted it has sufficient fuel visibility through mid‑May and does not anticipate supply‑related issues in the near term.

The UK is bracing for possible gaps on supermarket shelves this summer as the ongoing conflict in Iran threatens to disrupt carbon dioxide (CO2) supplies, a critical component in the food industry. CO2 is essential for the humane slaughter of livestock, packaging of fresh meats and produce, and production of fizzy drinks and beer.Government ministers are reportedly drawing up contingency plans for a 'reasonable worst-case scenario' if the Strait of Hormuz, a key shipping lane, remains closed. This could lead to shortages of CO2, impacting supplies of chicken, pork, and fizzy drinks.The business secretary, Peter Kyle, has reassured the public that ministers are making contingency plans to deal with possible consequences of the Iran war. The government has invested £100m to reopen the mothballed Ensus bioethanol plant on Teesside to mitigate potential CO2 shortages.The CEO of Tesco, Ken Murphy, has expressed confidence in the company's ability to manage supply chains, stating that they have 'seen nothing at this point' in terms of problems within their supply chain caused by CO2 availability issues. However, the UK is one of Europe's largest users of CO2, and any disruption could have significant impacts on the food industry and beyond.

Sudan, one of the world's most impoverished countries, has been ravaged by a civil war that began in 2023. The conflict, driven by a power struggle between the army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), has left the nation unrecognizable. Over 40,000 people have been killed, and about 14 million – a quarter of the population – have been forced to flee their homes. Civilian infrastructure across the country has been extensively damaged.“We are not just facing a crisis – we are witnessing the systematic erosion of a country’s future,” Luca Renda, the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP’s) resident representative in Sudan, told Al Jazeera. A report by the UNDP and the Institute for Security Studies highlights the scale of Sudan’s economic collapse. Even under the most optimistic scenario of peace being achieved in 2026, Sudan would still lose an estimated $18.8 billion in gross domestic product (GDP) by 2043.The war has had a devastating impact on Sudan's infrastructure and basic services. $6.4 billion was lost in GDP in 2023 alone, reflecting a simultaneous collapse across all major parts of Sudan’s economy. The destruction of infrastructure has triggered displacement and made it difficult for people to secure adequate housing or access basic services. Up to 40 percent of power generation capacity has been lost, and key water infrastructure has been destroyed or seized, cutting communities off from clean water and sanitation.The labor market has also been severely affected, with agriculture – once the backbone of Sudan’s economy – severely hit. Cultivated land has shrunk, adversely impacting rural livelihoods. Average incomes have fallen back to levels last seen in 1992. About 90 percent of manufacturing activity has been destroyed in key economic hubs, eliminating thousands of jobs.The oil industry has suffered significantly, with oil output falling amid widespread instability and infrastructure damage. The Khartoum refinery, which previously processed up to 100,000 barrels per day, has been out of operation since July 2023. Key infrastructure, including pipeline routes carrying crude to Port Sudan, has been hit.The collapse of the Sudanese pound and supply chains has caused a sharp rise in living costs. Food prices have surged, with four pieces of bread now costing about 1,000 pounds, an amount that had previously bought six pieces. Wages have failed to catch up with inflation, leaving many households without access to necessities. Nearly half the population is now experiencing acute food shortages.The economic collapse has had a profound impact on Sudan's people, with 34 million people in need of assistance and 19 million facing acute food shortages. The war has caused death, trauma, and profound loss, casting a long shadow over Sudan’s future and dimming the prospects of a generation whose lives are being shaped by violence. If the conflict continues to 2030, Sudan’s economy in 2043 would be about $34.5 billion smaller than it would have been without the war, and GDP per capita would drop by roughly $1,700.

Japan has taken a significant step in its foreign policy by easing its arms export rules, marking a departure from its eight-decade-long pacifist stance. This move comes as trust in US President Donald Trump declines, with him wavering on security commitments to allies and involvement in conflicts in Iran and Ukraine.The Japanese government has approved a record defense budget of $58 billion for 2026, reflecting a push to strengthen military and coastal defenses amid rising global tensions. The new budget forms part of a broader $784 billion national budget for the fiscal year beginning in April 2026.Under the new budget, over $6.2 billion is earmarked to enhance Japan's 'standoff' missile capabilities, including the purchase of domestically produced and upgraded Type-12 surface-to-ship missiles. This move is seen as a response to China's growing military presence in the Asia-Pacific region.Japan's key defense contractors, Toshiba and Mitsubishi Electric, are hiring staff and adding capacity to capitalize on demand for arms. Countries such as the Philippines and Poland are expected to become customers of Japanese arms.The easing of arms export rules is part of Japan's efforts to shape its own security policy and reduce its military dependence on the US. This shift is driven by the need to build defense supply chains in Asia that do not rely on the US, particularly in light of Washington's preoccupation with wars in the Middle East and Ukraine.Japanese companies are eager to boost sales by selling their products abroad, with Toshiba planning to hire 500 people over the next three years and constructing new testing and manufacturing facilities. The company's vice president, Kenji Kobayashi, noted that 'reputational risk is not what it used to be.'The US has welcomed Japan's initiatives to boost defense spending and take regional security into its own hands, with US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth praising Japan's investment in its defense capabilities.

The humanitarian situation in Sudan has taken a devastating turn as the country prepares to mark the third anniversary of the brutal conflict between the army and paramilitaries. Nearly 700 civilians have been killed in drone strikes in Sudan since the beginning of 2026, according to the United Nations.The increasing use of drones in the conflict has been noted by the UN's humanitarian chief Tom Fletcher, who warned that the world has "failed to meet the test of Sudan". The conflict has disrupted life across Sudan, particularly in the southern Kordofan region and areas of the west controlled by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).Doctors Without Borders reported two more deaths following drone strikes launched by the Sudanese army in the Darfur region, and treated 56 people wounded in the attack. The UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) said that drones were "responsible for nearly 80 percent" of the at least 245 children reported killed or injured during the first three months of the year.The UN's World Food Programme (WFP) warned that the situation is being "dangerously compounded" by the war in the Middle East, which has disrupted supply chains for aid groups. The US-Israeli war on Iran has forced aid groups to use costlier, more time-consuming routes, driving up the cost of food, fuel, and fertilizer.Nearly 34 million people, almost two-thirds of the population, need humanitarian support, making Sudan "the world's largest humanitarian crisis". The situation is dire, with hundreds of thousands of children acutely malnourished, and millions being deprived of an education. Women and girls are facing systemic and brutal sexual violence.