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Heathrow's proposed third runway is projected to jeopardise the health of up to 3 million people living in its vicinity, according to a new Department for Transport (DfT) report released as the government fast‑tracks the expansion plan. Scope of the Health Impact Assessment The consultancy Aecom evaluated construction and operational phases, concluding that noise, air‑quality degradation, reduced access to housing, education, healthcare and open space would all worsen. Additional concerns include water‑quality impacts, erosion of community identity, landscape damage and setbacks to climate‑change mitigation. Quantifying the Potential Harm: Numbers Behind the Warning Up to 3 million residents could experience “major adverse” health effects. The scheme would add a 3,500‑metre runway, requiring the relocation of the M25 and compulsory purchase of roughly 800 homes. Estimated cost: £33 bn. Projected capacity: up to 756,000 flights and 150 million passengers per year. Economic upside cited by the government: over 60,000 local jobs and up to £42 bn in national benefits. Broader Socio‑Environmental Consequences for London’s Communities The report stresses that while jobs, income and skills may rise, the negative determinants—environmental and social—are likely to be significant. Community cohesion, landscape quality, and long‑term climate resilience could be eroded, creating a “decade of destruction” according to opposition groups. What Comes Next: Policy Decisions and Community Response Minister Heidi Alexander framed the consultation as a chance for businesses and the public to shape the project, while Chancellor Rachel Reeves reiterated the government’s growth agenda, pledging to have “spades in the ground” before the next election. MPs will vote on the new Heathrow Expansion National Policy Statement, and critics warn that mitigation measures cannot fully offset the identified harms.