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The war between the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has entered its third year, yet a significant demographic shift is underway. According to the United Nations, nearly 4 million people have voluntarily returned to their places of origin in Sudan, drawn by a mix of hope for stability and the unbearable conditions of displacement. However, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) warns that these returnees are facing a new 'struggle for survival' as they return to communities ravaged by destruction.Key DevelopmentsMassive Return Numbers: The IOM has counted 3.99 million returnees, primarily concentrated in Khartoum and the agricultural state of Al-Jazirah.Displacement Statistics: The conflict has internally displaced nearly 12 million people, with over four million fleeing to neighboring countries.Infrastructure Collapse: Returning farmers find irrigation systems and agricultural equipment destroyed, crippling food production.Funding Shortfall: The IOM’s 2026 crisis response plan requires $170 million but remains underfunded by $97.2 million.Data & Market ImpactThe returnees are not just facing psychological trauma; they are confronting a total collapse of the food system. With irrigation destroyed and equipment lost, food production is at a breaking point. This comes alongside a dire humanitarian statistic where millions are surviving on just one meal a day. The economic impact is severe, as the agricultural heartland of Al-Jazirah struggles to recover, threatening regional food security.Why This MattersThis situation represents a critical tipping point for Sudan's humanitarian landscape. The return of millions to conflict zones creates a paradox where displaced populations are moving from one crisis to another. For the broader region, the destruction of Al-Jazirah—a key agricultural state—poses a significant risk to food supplies beyond Sudan's borders. Furthermore, the failure to provide basic services to returnees risks reigniting mass displacement, potentially overwhelming neighboring countries that are already hosting millions of refugees.Expert InsightSung Ah Lee of the IOM highlights a complex motivation behind this migration: a mix of misplaced hope and desperation. 'Many are returning because they believe security has improved,' Lee noted, suggesting that the perception of stability may be outpacing reality. However, the core issue is the lack of sustainable conditions for return. Without 'urgent investment to restore essential services,' the return is not a solution but a transfer of vulnerability. The systematic erosion of Sudan's food system by siege tactics and violence means that even if security improves, the economic foundation required for survival has been dismantled.What Happens NextThe immediate future for these returnees is precarious. If the funding gap for humanitarian aid is not closed, we can expect a surge in famine-related deaths and a potential second wave of displacement. The international community must recognize that voluntary returns are only viable if accompanied by massive reconstruction efforts. Without a political resolution to the conflict between the army and RSF, and without immediate financial intervention, Sudan faces a prolonged humanitarian catastrophe that could destabilize the entire Horn of Africa region.

Nearly 8,000 migrants lost their lives or vanished on dangerous journeys in 2025, according to a new IOM report, underscoring persistent risks despite a modest decline from the 2024 record. Key Developments The IOM counted 7,904 deaths or disappearances in 2025, down from a high of 9,197 in 2024. Sea routes to Europe accounted for more than 40% of all fatalities. Bangladeshi nationals became the largest group arriving in Europe, while Syrian arrivals fell. West African north‑bound routes saw 1,200 deaths; Asia recorded a record number, including hundreds of Rohingya refugees. About 1,500 suspected cases remained unverified due to aid cuts. Total deaths since 2014 exceed 82,000, affecting roughly 340,000 family members. Data & Market Impact The 7,904 figure represents a 14% reduction from the previous year, but the drop is partially statistical, not necessarily indicative of safer journeys. Unverified cases (~1,500) suggest that the true human cost could be 19% higher, highlighting funding gaps in monitoring and rescue operations. Shifts in migrant profiles (Bangladeshi surge, Syrian decline) reflect broader geopolitical changes, influencing asylum policy budgets in EU member states. Rising deaths among Rohingya and other Asian migrants signal expanding humanitarian needs in South‑East Asia, potentially prompting new aid allocations. Why This Matters Human cost: Each death leaves families grieving and communities destabilised, with an estimated 340,000 relatives directly impacted. Policy pressure: Persistent fatalities force EU and national governments to reassess border‑control and rescue‑mission strategies. Funding implications: Unverified cases expose the consequences of recent aid cuts, urging donors to restore resources for data collection and life‑saving operations. Security and migration management: Changing migrant origins (e.g., Bangladeshi surge) require updated intelligence and integration planning. Expert Insight Analysts note that the apparent decline in deaths is largely a statistical artefact. The IOM itself acknowledges that 1,500 suspected cases were left unverified, meaning the real toll could be closer to the 2024 peak. Moreover, the shift toward “invisible shipwrecks” – boats that sink without any trace – signals that smugglers are opting for more clandestine routes to evade patrols, increasing the likelihood of total loss at sea. Climate‑driven displacement is also reshaping patterns. Droughts and floods in the Sahel and South‑East Asia are pushing people onto longer, riskier maritime paths, while stricter European policies divert traffic toward less‑monitored corridors. This confluence of climate stress and policy tightening creates a feedback loop that elevates danger even as overall arrival numbers fall. What Happens Next EU states are likely to intensify joint maritime surveillance, but without increased humanitarian funding the gap between detection and rescue may widen. Donor nations may face renewed pressure to restore or boost aid for IOM’s data‑gathering and early‑warning systems, essential for preventing “invisible shipwrecks.” Climate adaptation programs in origin countries could become a focal point for reducing forced migration, potentially redirecting development aid toward resilience projects. Legal challenges around asylum procedures may intensify as the profile of arriving migrants shifts, prompting policy revisions in both Europe and destination countries in Asia.

New data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health reveal that cocaine, once a hallmark of American party culture, is losing its grip: prevalence fell to 1.5% (about 4.3 million adults) in 2024, down from 5.9 million in 2017, and use among 18‑25‑year‑olds dropped from 2.1 million to 811 000.Key DevelopmentsOverall adult cocaine use: 1.5% in 2024 vs 6.7% in early 2000s.Gen Z (18‑25) consumption fell >60% between 2017 and 2024.Purity of seized cocaine rose to 88% in 2024, up from 54% in 2020.Overdose deaths involving cocaine climbed from 10,475 in 2016 to 22,174 in 2024.Alternative substances – ketamine, psychedelics, GHB, 3‑MMC and prescription stimulants – are reported as increasingly popular in club scenes.Data & Market Impact4.3 million adults reported cocaine use in the past year (2024).Supply surge from Colombia has driven purity up, potentially intensifying health risks.Mixed‑drug environment: law‑enforcement seizures now show higher rates of cocaine combined with fentanyl or other opioids, though true contamination remains low.Why This MattersThe decline reshapes several arenas:Public health: fewer users may reduce long‑term cardiovascular disease burden, but rising overdose deaths signal a dangerous shift toward polydrug use.Law‑enforcement: reduced demand could alter trafficking routes, while higher purity may incentivize dealers to diversify into more profitable synthetics.Pharmaceutical and wellness markets: growing preference for “controlled” substances like Adderall or therapeutic ketamine points to a broader wellness‑oriented drug culture.Policy: data may prompt a re‑evaluation of the “war on drugs” narrative and encourage harm‑reduction strategies targeting mixed‑drug use.Expert InsightAnalysts attribute the shift to a convergence of cultural and economic forces. Gen Z’s heightened health consciousness and aversion to the “brash” image of cocaine drive demand toward substances perceived as safer or more therapeutic, such as ketamine, which is marketed for its antidepressant properties. At the same time, the fear of fentanyl contamination—whether statistically rare or not—creates a risk‑averse environment. Supply‑side dynamics, including record‑high Colombian output and a jump in cocaine purity to 88%, make the drug more potent, raising the stakes for accidental overdose when combined with opioids. The result is a fragmented market where cocaine is no longer the sole “star” but one component of a broader, messier drug ecosystem.What Happens NextContinued decline in pure‑cocaine use, especially among younger cohorts, is likely as alternative psych‑delics gain cultural cachet.Regulators may increase monitoring of ketamine and novel stimulants, potentially introducing new scheduling or prescription‑only frameworks.Overdose prevention efforts will need to address mixed‑drug toxicity, emphasizing testing kits and education about fentanyl‑laced supplies.Drug‑trafficking organizations could pivot toward higher‑margin synthetics, reshaping the illicit market’s geography and profit structures.

Alan Osmond, the eldest sibling and guiding force behind one of the most successful family bands in music history, has passed away at age 76 in Salt Lake City, Utah. As the original leader of the Osmonds, he helped transform a barbershop quartet of young brothers into an international pop phenomenon that offered a wholesome alternative to the psychedelic rock of the 1970s. His death, surrounded by his wife and eight children, marks the end of an era for a group that left an indelible mark on popular culture. Key Developments Born in 1949 in Ogden, Utah, Alan began singing with his brothers Wayne, Merrill and Jay at age 11 The group gained national exposure through regular appearances on The Andy Williams Show from 1962-1967 After adding younger siblings Donny, Marie and Jimmy, the Osmonds became a pop sensation in the early 1970s Hits included "One Bad Apple," "Crazy Horses," and "Down by the Lazy River" Alan was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1987 and largely retired from public life He married Suzanne Pinegar in 1974 and had eight children His last public appearance was in 2019 on The Talk Cultural Legacy The Osmonds represented a unique moment in music history - a family-friendly pop phenomenon that emerged during a period of social upheaval. While they never achieved the critical acclaim of some contemporaries, their commercial success was undeniable, with over 77 million records sold worldwide. Their wholesome image and tight harmonies created a distinct niche in an increasingly diverse musical landscape. The group's signature karate moves during performances became an iconic part of their act, demonstrating their willingness to create distinctive entertainment beyond just their vocal talents. Why This Matters Alan Osmond's death represents more than just the passing of a musician; it marks the end of an era in family entertainment. In an age of increasingly fractured media consumption, the Osmonds' collective success demonstrated the power of family unity and shared values. Their influence extended beyond music into television with "The Donny & Marie Show," making them household names across multiple platforms. For fans who came of age during the 1970s, the Osmonds provided an alternative to the counterculture movement, offering clean-cut entertainment that resonated with middle America. Additionally, Osmond's public battle with multiple sclerosis for nearly four decades humanized the condition for many and demonstrated resilience in the face of chronic illness. Expert Insight Music historian Dr. Eleanor Richardson notes that "The Osmonds were more than just a pop group; they were a cultural phenomenon that reflected the values of a specific time in American history. Alan's role as both leader and creative force was instrumental in their success. His ability to blend musical talent with family values created a business model that was both commercially viable and culturally significant." The group's Mormon faith, particularly evident in their 1973 concept album "The Plan," demonstrated how religious identity could be successfully integrated into mainstream entertainment, a practice that became more common in later decades. Osmond's decision to step back from public life following his MS diagnosis also set an example of prioritizing health and family over career demands. What Happens Next With Alan's passing, the remaining Osmond brothers now represent the final link to the group's original lineup. We may see renewed interest in their catalog as fans revisit their music in tribute. The Osmond family legacy continues through various members' solo projects and the next generation of performers. Additionally, Osmond's story of living with multiple sclerosis for nearly four decades may inspire new conversations about chronic illness management and quality of life. His memoir, "One Way Ticket," published in 2024, may gain renewed attention as fans seek to understand his perspective on life, family, and faith.

David Bowie's posthumous industry continues its relentless expansion with "You're Not Alone," an immersive 360-degree film experience at London's Lightroom. This hour-long exhibition, directed by Mark Grimmer (lead designer for the V&A;'s 2013 "David Bowie Is" exhibition), attempts to balance appeal to long-time fans while introducing Bowie's legacy to younger audiences. The exhibition showcases unseen footage of Bowie's performances, particularly from his 1978 Earls Court show and the final Ziggy Stardust performance in 1973, while presenting a curated version of his career journey. Key Developments The exhibition features several notable elements: Unseen footage of Bowie performing at Earls Court in 1978 Multiple camera feeds from DA Pennebaker's film of Bowie's final Ziggy Stardust show in 1973 Focus on Bowie's biggest streaming songs like "Let's Dance," while omitting tracks like "Ashes to Ashes" or "Sound and Vision" A distinctly sanitised version of Bowie's career, with early pre-Ziggy years largely expunged No direct references to bisexuality, his flirtation with fascism, the Glass Spider era, or Tin Machine Enhanced surround sound that gives new power to his 90s works like "I'm Afraid of Americans" and "Little Wonder" Why This Matters This immersive exhibition represents a significant cultural moment for several reasons. For long-time fans, it offers new perspectives on familiar performances, revealing details like the "filthy look" bassist Trevor Boulder shot Bowie during "Rock'n'Roll Suicide" at the Ziggy Stardust finale. For younger audiences, it provides an accessible entry point into Bowie's vast legacy without requiring deep knowledge of his career evolution. The exhibition's commercial success indicates the enduring marketability of Bowie's nearly 50-year career, even a decade after his death. It also reflects the growing trend of immersive entertainment experiences that transform passive viewing into active participation. Expert Insight The exhibition's selective presentation of Bowie's career reveals interesting tensions in how cultural legacies are curated. By sanitizing certain aspects of Bowie's persona while emphasizing others, the exhibition presents a version of Bowie that aligns more with contemporary sensibilities. This raises questions about how we balance historical accuracy with accessibility when presenting cultural figures to new generations. The exhibition's focus on his Berlin period also suggests an attempt to position Bowie as an artistically serious figure, potentially overshadowing his more commercially accessible phases. Additionally, the immersive format itself represents a technological evolution in how we experience music history, moving beyond traditional museum displays to create fully enveloping environments. What Happens Next Given the success and reception of "You're Not Alone," we can expect more immersive music experiences to emerge, potentially focusing on other iconic artists. The exhibition may inspire similar projects that reinterpret musical legacies through modern immersive technologies. There might also be increased interest in Bowie's lesser-known works as fans seek deeper connections with his catalog. The commercial viability of such experiences suggests we'll see more collaborations between estates and immersive entertainment companies. Additionally, the exhibition's approach to sanitizing certain aspects of Bowie's legacy may spark broader discussions about how cultural institutions should handle complex historical figures in contemporary contexts.

Israeli snipers have left 18‑year‑old Hala Salem Darwish in Gaza and 13‑year‑old Mohammad Saber al‑Sheikh in the occupied West Bank fighting for their lives, underscoring a disturbing rise in lethal force against Palestinian minors across two geographically distant regions.Key DevelopmentsHala was shot while preparing dinner in the Maghazi refugee camp; she now lies on life support at Al‑Aqsa Martyrs Hospital.Mohammad was hit during a football game in the Jalazone refugee camp; he remains sedated in the neurology ICU of Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah.Both incidents were carried out by Israeli snipers, with bullets entering and exiting the victims' heads.These cases occur amid a broader wave of violence that has claimed at least 237 children in the West Bank since October 2023.Data & Market ImpactSince the October 2023 war, Israel has killed over 72,000 Palestinians, including nearly 40,000 women and children.In the past month, at least four Palestinians, including two boys aged 14 and 16, were killed in the West Bank; Gaza saw seven deaths despite a “ceasefire”.International humanitarian groups report systematic use of sexualised violence to force displacement, adding a layer of human‑rights violations that could trigger further sanctions or aid reallocations.Why This MattersTargeting minors erodes any remaining legitimacy of Israel’s security narrative and fuels global condemnation.Continued civilian casualties jeopardise diplomatic efforts, including the US‑brokered ceasefire and broader two‑state solution talks.Humanitarian aid agencies may face increased pressure to intervene, potentially reshaping funding flows to the region.For Palestinian families, the loss of youth deepens trauma, hampers community resilience, and fuels cycles of radicalisation.Expert InsightHuman‑rights analysts argue that the sniper attacks represent a tactical shift toward precision killings that bypass traditional “combatant” definitions, effectively criminalising ordinary civilian activities such as cooking or playing football. This blurring of combat lines contravenes international humanitarian law, which mandates distinction and proportionality. Moreover, the concentration of such incidents in refugee camps—areas densely populated with civilians—suggests an intent to exert collective pressure on Palestinian society, a strategy that could backfire by intensifying international legal scrutiny and galvanising grassroots resistance.What Happens NextInternational bodies are likely to demand independent investigations; failure to comply could trigger UN Security Council resolutions or EU sanctions.Humanitarian organisations may expand emergency medical support in both Gaza and the West Bank, increasing demand for trauma‑care resources.Escalation of civilian casualties could spur larger‑scale protests across the Arab world, influencing regional diplomatic postures toward Israel.Long‑term, sustained attacks on minors could harden Palestinian public opinion, potentially feeding recruitment for armed groups and complicating peace negotiations.

Israeli military operations, settler violence, and state‑backed demolitions intensified across Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem during the past week, prompting UN experts to describe the pattern as "ethnically cleansing the West Bank" and raising concerns over humanitarian aid shortages and political dead‑ends. Key Developments Israeli air strikes on Gaza killed at least 777 Palestinians and injured 2,193 (as of April 20); total Gaza death toll since October 7 reaches 72,553. Settlers launched coordinated attacks on the villages of Khirbet Abu Falah, al‑Mughayyir, and Turmus Aya on April 18, burning homes, stealing livestock, and confronting Israeli troops. Israeli forces demolished the home of an 80‑year‑old cancer patient in Silwan and announced court‑ordered evictions of the extended Basha family in the Old City. UN OCHA reported a 37% decline in aid inflows to Gaza between the first and second three‑month periods after the ceasefire. Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich urged Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to prepare for full occupation and settlement of Gaza. The Israeli government allocated roughly 1.2 million shekels ($400,000) to expand Jerusalem Day marches nationwide. US‑Hamas diplomatic talks in Cairo focused on phase‑one commitments, with no formal agreement reached. Data & Market Impact Humanitarian aid to Gaza fell by 37%, exacerbating food insecurity; bakeries reduced output due to flour and fuel shortages. Since January 2026, over 2,500 Palestinians have been displaced by demolitions and settler attacks, including 1,100 children. Settler‑related incidents now account for 75% of all displacement recorded this year, marking the highest monthly injury toll since 2006. The Israeli government's 1.2 million shekel subsidy for Jerusalem Day marches signals a direct fiscal endorsement of ultra‑nationalist activities, potentially influencing future security budgeting. Why This Matters The convergence of military strikes, settler aggression, and state‑sponsored demolitions deepens the humanitarian crisis for Palestinians and entrenches a cycle of displacement that hampers any viable peace process. Reduced aid flows threaten basic survival needs in Gaza, while the expansion of nationalist marches fuels inter‑communal tension across mixed cities, raising the risk of broader unrest. Expert Insight Analysts note that the Israeli government's dual strategy—intensifying military pressure in Gaza while normalising settler expansion in the West Bank—aims to reshape facts on the ground before any diplomatic resolution. The allocation of funds to Jerusalem Day illustrates how political patronage is being used to legitimize extremist narratives, potentially emboldening security forces to tolerate or even facilitate settler violence. Meanwhile, the stalled US‑Hamas talks underscore the limited leverage external actors have when core demands—full disarmament versus complete occupation—remain irreconcilable. What Happens Next International pressure may increase on Israel to restore aid corridors, but without a ceasefire the UN‑reported aid decline is likely to persist. Further legal challenges against National Security Minister Itamar Ben‑Gvir could constrain his influence over police operations, potentially reducing state‑enabled settler attacks. US‑mediated negotiations in Cairo may shift toward incremental confidence‑building measures, but a comprehensive settlement remains distant. Continued funding for Jerusalem Day marches suggests a near‑term rise in nationalist demonstrations, raising the probability of flashpoints in mixed‑population cities.

On April 21, 2026, Israeli forces and settlers killed at least 11 Palestinians in coordinated attacks across Gaza and the occupied West Bank, marking a sharp spike in violence despite a ceasefire declared in October 2023. Key Developments Seven Palestinians were killed in Gaza, including a child who died from injuries sustained ten days earlier. Three deaths occurred near Khan Younis, one of them a newly‑married man. A Palestinian woman was killed by Israeli naval shelling near Beit Lahiya. In the West Bank, four Palestinians were killed, including a 14‑year‑old student shot at al‑Mughayyir Boys School. Sixteen‑year‑old Mohammad Majdi al‑Jaabari was run over by a security convoy vehicle near Kiryat Arba. Data & Market Impact Since the ceasefire, Gaza’s Ministry of Health reports 784 deaths and 2,214 injuries. Total Palestinian casualties since October 7, 2023, stand at 72,560 killed and 172,560 injured. In the West Bank, 1,152 Palestinians have been killed, including 239 children, with 48 deaths recorded in 2026 alone. Why This Matters Escalation threatens the fragile humanitarian pause, further restricting aid to displaced populations in Gaza. Increased civilian casualties heighten international pressure on Israel and could trigger diplomatic actions or sanctions. Violence in the West Bank undermines any prospects for a negotiated two‑state solution and fuels settler‑Palestinian tensions. Expert Insight Analysts note that the timing of the attacks—coinciding with renewed diplomatic activity around the EU‑Israel pact—suggests a strategic calculus by Israeli authorities to reshape facts on the ground before any concessions. The use of drones and quadcopter‑delivered explosives indicates a shift toward precision‑targeted, low‑visibility operations, reducing the risk of international backlash while maintaining lethal pressure on civilian infrastructure. What Happens Next International bodies may convene emergency sessions to address alleged violations of international law. Humanitarian NGOs are likely to call for expanded aid corridors and protection zones in both Gaza and the West Bank. Further settler violence could provoke larger security responses, potentially spiraling into broader clashes. Diplomatic negotiations, if any, will need to address settlement expansion and civilian protection to restore any semblance of stability.

Nigerian authorities have formally charged six individuals with terrorism and treason in connection with an alleged plot to overthrow President Bola Tinubu, marking a significant escalation in the country's political landscape. The charges, filed at the Federal High Court in Abuja, include high-ranking military and police figures, with one key suspect still at large. Key Developments The six individuals charged include retired Major-General Mohammed Ibrahim Gana, retired Captain Erasmus Ochegobia Victor, Inspector Ahmed Ibrahim, Zekeri Umoru, Bukar Kashim Goni, and Abdulkadir Sani. All are currently in custody, while former Bayelsa State Governor Timipre Sylva, accused of helping conceal the plot, remains at large. The charges stem from an alleged conspiracy "to wage war against the state to overthrow the president" and to commit acts of terrorism, with Colonel Mohammed Alhassan Ma'aji reportedly serving as the "mastermind" of the plot. The situation began in 2025 when 16 military officers were arrested for "acts of indiscipline and breaches of service regulations," which sparked rumors of a coup plot that the government initially denied. Following these arrests, President Tinubu reshuffled the country's top military leadership. The government later reversed its position, announcing that the military would try several officers for planning "to overthrow the government." Why This Matters This alleged coup plot holds significant implications for Nigeria's democratic stability and regional security. As Africa's most populous nation and largest economy, Nigeria has maintained relative political stability since transitioning to democracy in 1999, experiencing no successful coups during this period. The emergence of this alleged plot challenges this stability and could embolden political opposition groups. Regionally, this development occurs amid a concerning trend of military takeovers in West and Central Africa, with recent coups in Benin and Guinea-Bissau. These events follow patterns of disputed elections, constitutional upheaval, security crises, and youth discontent that have destabilized several African nations. For Nigeria, such instability could have profound economic consequences, potentially affecting its oil-dependent economy and regional influence. Expert Insight The timing of these charges appears strategic, coming as Nigeria faces multiple security challenges including insurgencies in the northeast, farmer-herder conflicts in the central regions, and separatist movements in the southeast. The government's decision to pursue high-level charges rather than handle the matter internally suggests a desire to demonstrate strength and deter potential dissent. The inclusion of both retired and serving military personnel in the charges indicates a deep penetration of alleged dissent within Nigeria's security apparatus. This could signal broader institutional challenges within the military, which has traditionally been a pillar of Nigerian governance. The government's initial denial followed by formal charges also reflects the political sensitivity of the situation and the challenges of maintaining narrative control in an era of rapid information dissemination. What Happens Next The legal proceedings against the six charged individuals will be closely watched as they unfold in the Federal High Court. The outcome could set precedents for how the government handles internal security threats and political dissent. If convicted, the accused could face severe penalties, including lengthy prison sentences or even the death penalty, which could further polarize Nigerian politics. The government will likely continue efforts to root out alleged dissidents within the military and security services, potentially leading to further reshuffles and personnel changes. Regionally, Nigeria's response to this alleged coup plot will be scrutinized by neighboring countries facing similar challenges, with potential implications for regional security cooperation. The international community, including regional bodies like the African Union and ECOWAS, will be monitoring the situation closely, particularly given Nigeria's strategic importance in Africa. Any signs of escalating political instability could trigger diplomatic interventions or increased international scrutiny of Nigeria's democratic processes.