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Sudan, one of the world's most impoverished countries, has been ravaged by a civil war that began in 2023. The conflict, driven by a power struggle between the army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), has left the nation unrecognizable. Over 40,000 people have been killed, and about 14 million – a quarter of the population – have been forced to flee their homes. Civilian infrastructure across the country has been extensively damaged.“We are not just facing a crisis – we are witnessing the systematic erosion of a country’s future,” Luca Renda, the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP’s) resident representative in Sudan, told Al Jazeera. A report by the UNDP and the Institute for Security Studies highlights the scale of Sudan’s economic collapse. Even under the most optimistic scenario of peace being achieved in 2026, Sudan would still lose an estimated $18.8 billion in gross domestic product (GDP) by 2043.The war has had a devastating impact on Sudan's infrastructure and basic services. $6.4 billion was lost in GDP in 2023 alone, reflecting a simultaneous collapse across all major parts of Sudan’s economy. The destruction of infrastructure has triggered displacement and made it difficult for people to secure adequate housing or access basic services. Up to 40 percent of power generation capacity has been lost, and key water infrastructure has been destroyed or seized, cutting communities off from clean water and sanitation.The labor market has also been severely affected, with agriculture – once the backbone of Sudan’s economy – severely hit. Cultivated land has shrunk, adversely impacting rural livelihoods. Average incomes have fallen back to levels last seen in 1992. About 90 percent of manufacturing activity has been destroyed in key economic hubs, eliminating thousands of jobs.The oil industry has suffered significantly, with oil output falling amid widespread instability and infrastructure damage. The Khartoum refinery, which previously processed up to 100,000 barrels per day, has been out of operation since July 2023. Key infrastructure, including pipeline routes carrying crude to Port Sudan, has been hit.The collapse of the Sudanese pound and supply chains has caused a sharp rise in living costs. Food prices have surged, with four pieces of bread now costing about 1,000 pounds, an amount that had previously bought six pieces. Wages have failed to catch up with inflation, leaving many households without access to necessities. Nearly half the population is now experiencing acute food shortages.The economic collapse has had a profound impact on Sudan's people, with 34 million people in need of assistance and 19 million facing acute food shortages. The war has caused death, trauma, and profound loss, casting a long shadow over Sudan’s future and dimming the prospects of a generation whose lives are being shaped by violence. If the conflict continues to 2030, Sudan’s economy in 2043 would be about $34.5 billion smaller than it would have been without the war, and GDP per capita would drop by roughly $1,700.

Lagos, one of Africa's most dynamic cities, is facing a severe housing crisis. The city's population of approximately 22 million people is putting immense pressure on its housing market, leading to soaring rents and a shortage of affordable accommodation.Oluwatobi Ogundipe, a 32-year-old product manager, commutes four hours daily from his small flat in Sango Ota to his office on Lagos Island. Despite working in one of Nigeria's growing technology sectors, he cannot afford to live closer to his office, highlighting the affordability crisis in the city.Rents across Lagos have surged beyond wage growth, with prices increasing by as much as 400% in some areas. On the mainland, flats that rented for ₦500,000 two years ago now cost up to ₦2.5m a year. On the island, rents have tripled, making it even more challenging for residents to find affordable housing.The city's deputy governor, Obafemi Hamzat, attributes the crisis to persistent migration pressure, with about 6,000 new inhabitants arriving and 3,000 leaving each day. This has led to a shortage of over 3.4 million housing units, according to Prof. Taibat Lawanson, a professor of urban management and governance at the University of Lagos.The shortage of affordable homes is exacerbated by developers prioritizing high-end projects over affordable housing, driven by high construction costs, soaring urban land prices, and limited housing finance. This has led to a proliferation of luxury flats, even as people struggle to secure basic accommodation.The crisis has also fueled the popularity of short-term rentals, with many landlords converting their homes into short-let properties, further reducing the availability of long-term rentals and driving prices higher.For now, Lagos's residents adapt, making long commutes through the city's infamous traffic. As Ogundipe says, "We all come to Lagos chasing something, but these days, it feels like the city is slowly pushing us away."

New research from the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) shows that the Help to Buy mortgage initiatives launched by the Conservative‑Lib Dem coalition in 2013 mainly benefited higher‑income households, rather than the intended first‑time, lower‑income buyers.The policy comprised two components: a taxpayer‑backed loan that reduced required deposits, and a mortgage guarantee scheme that covered part of lenders’ losses on high loan‑to‑value mortgages. Both applied to properties priced up to £600,000 and, by the 2014‑15 fiscal year, accounted for roughly one‑fifth of first‑time buyer transactions.Using a novel methodology that combined survey responses with local property price data, the IFS concluded that the bulk of the advantage accrued to wealthier purchasers—particularly those outside London and the south‑east, where homes are comparatively cheaper. These buyers were likely to secure a property eventually, even without the scheme.Bee Boileau, a research economist at the IFS and co‑author of the briefing, warned that while Help to Buy can theoretically assist newcomers onto the housing ladder, it also risks inflating prices and shifting loan risk onto the public sector. “Our research indicates that the Help to Buy schemes introduced in 2013 had the largest impact – in terms of making more homes affordable – on higher‑income households,” she said.The study notes that the mortgage guarantee scheme had “limited effects on affordability” because borrowers remained constrained by income‑based borrowing caps. Conversely, the loan scheme proved more influential for most households, yet its impact was muted by its restriction to new‑build properties.Both components appear to have had little effect on social mobility. Boileau suggested that future governments aiming to reduce inequality should target assistance at lower‑income families, acknowledging that such a shift would increase taxpayer exposure to loan risk.Critics have long argued that Help to Buy inflated house prices without expanding supply. A 2022 House of Lords built‑environment committee report echoed this view, recommending that funds be redirected toward increasing housing construction.The mortgage guarantee element was revived in 2021 and made permanent by the Labour government last year to preserve access to 95% mortgages. In response, Conservative housing secretary James Cleverly defended the legacy schemes, claiming they enabled “many thousands of people” to achieve homeownership, even as he warned that Labour policies were making the market harder for first‑time buyers.

Celebrating two decades since its West End debut, Avenue Q is back at London’s Shaftesbury Theatre until 29 August, offering a refreshed version of the Broadway‑to‑London hit that originally won Tonys for Best Musical, Book and Score.The revival, billed as a “love letter to the original”, is helmed once again by Jason Moore – the director who first staged the show in 2006. At 55, Moore admits that returning to a work he originally conceived is unusual, but he sees the anniversary as an opportunity to upgrade the show’s scale, technical ambition and cultural sensitivity.Created by composers Robert Lopez and Jeff Marx with book by Jeff Whitty, the musical blends colourful Sesame‑Street‑style puppets with adult themes such as sex, racism, housing crises and existential angst. While the core story remains, the production team has added contextual notes to jokes that might puzzle Gen‑Z audiences – for example, the reference to 1980s sitcom star Gary Coleman is retained but clarified for modern viewers.Moore’s casting criteria emphasise a youthful “innocence” and a strong aptitude for puppeteering. As actor Emily Benjamin explains, performing through a puppet is an “ego death” that forces the performer to shift focus from self to the character, reducing vocal anxiety and deepening emotional honesty.Behind the scenes, puppet director Iestyn Evans coordinates a complex choreography where human actors operate hand‑and‑rod puppets in full view, interacting simultaneously with fellow performers. This layered performance style demands precise timing, especially when tackling songs like “Everyone’s a Little Bit Racist” and “If You Were Gay”, which have sparked whole‑company discussions about their relevance and sensitivity today.Moore acknowledges that the show’s transgressive edge – famously illustrated by “naked puppets having sex” – still feels bold, even as contemporary West End productions such as Oh, Mary! and The Book of Mormon have pushed similar boundaries. He argues that the musical’s core questions – “how do you give your life meaning?” – remain timeless, and that the updated production aims to engage a new generation of audiences.As Benjamin puts it, “they might just be little cloth things, but people can often empathise with something that isn’t real more directly than with a human being telling the same story.” The revival therefore hopes to prove that puppetry can still provoke, entertain and resonate in today’s cultural climate.

In a forceful statement released on Monday, a panel of 13 United Nations experts demanded that Israel halt all attacks on displaced Palestinians sheltering in Gaza and cease the accelerating forced‑displacement campaign in the occupied West Bank. Israeli air strikes in March set fire to tents housing Gaza’s internally displaced people, causing numerous fatalities, the experts noted, describing the tactic as part of a broader strategy to make life untenable for Palestinians. “This cycle of displacement, terror, and targeted attacks serves an ultimate purpose: to make life unbearable for Palestinians and permanently force them from their land,” the panel declared, underscoring the systematic nature of the violence. The experts warned that the targeting of makeshift shelters violates international humanitarian law and amounts to a grave breach, given that the majority of Gaza’s population has already endured multiple forced transfers. Beyond the immediate danger of bombardment, civilians living in tents face severe health threats—including hunger, exposure to freezing temperatures, flooding, and a lack of basic services. Women and children, the panel stressed, bear a disproportionate share of deprivation. Turning to the West Bank, the panel condemned what it described as a “sharp escalation in forced displacement” driven by the Israeli army and “state‑backed settler terrorism.” Daily attacks have resulted in killings, injuries, and the widespread destruction of homes, farmland, and livelihoods. According to a 2025 report from the UN Human Rights Office, more than 36,000 Palestinians have been forcibly displaced amid the expansion of illegal settlements, a figure the experts say illustrates a broader policy of ethnic cleansing across the occupied Palestinian territory. The panel urged Israel to end all forced‑displacement activities in the West Bank and to facilitate the safe return of those uprooted. It also called on the international community to uphold its legal obligations, launch independent investigations, and refrain from providing assistance that could enable the continuation of the occupation. The 13‑member panel includes UN special rapporteurs such as Francesca Albanese (occupied Palestinian territory), Paula Gaviria Betancur (rights of internally displaced persons), Michael Fakhri (right to food), and Reem Alsalem (violence against women and girls).

The White House Council of Economic Advisers released an analysis estimating that the United States faces a shortage of roughly 10 million homes. The report argues that easing regulatory burdens could unlock a construction surge, stabilise home prices, expand home‑ownership and accelerate overall economic growth. President Donald Trump signed two executive orders in March directing federal agencies to reduce housing‑regulation costs and to facilitate mortgage lending by smaller banks. Yet, critics note that the administration has been slow to prioritize high housing costs amid falling approval ratings tied to tariffs, the US‑Israel conflict with Iran, and unmet inflation‑reduction promises. Mortgage rates have risen from just under 6 % to 6.37 % for a 30‑year loan, further inflating the cost of home purchase. Trump has publicly defended higher home prices to protect existing owners, stating, “I don’t want to drive housing prices down… I want to drive housing prices up for people that own their homes.” The housing chapter of the annual Economic Report of the President, obtained by the Associated Press, outlines a blueprint showing how increased homebuilding could benefit the middle class and the broader economy, providing a potential political narrative for the president. According to the report, if homebuilding had continued at its pre‑2008 pace, the nation would have **10 million more houses** today. The 2008 crisis, driven by risky lending and a housing bubble, still casts a long shadow. Home prices have surged **82 % since 2000**, while median incomes have risen only **12 %**, a disparity previously softened by historically low mortgage rates. The post‑COVID inflation spike and higher rates have made affordability a top concern for voters under 40. Regulatory costs—dubbed the “bureaucrat tax”—are estimated to add **over $100,000 per new home** through updated building codes, compliance fees and zoning approvals. The report projects that trimming these costs could enable the construction of **up to 13.2 million homes**, potentially delivering an **average 1.3 percentage‑point boost to annual GDP** over the next decade and supporting **two million manufacturing and construction jobs**. One administration official, speaking on condition of anonymity, suggested that federal funding to states could be tied to regulatory reductions, creating a financial incentive for local governments. The analysis also criticises the green‑energy housing standards introduced under former President Joe Biden, which mandate more efficient HVAC systems and water‑heater requirements. Citing a 2021 National Association of Home Builders study, the report claims these standards could add **up to $31,000** to a new home’s price, with a **payback period of up to 90 years** for homeowners via lower utility bills. While rolling back such standards might lower upfront costs, the report acknowledges potential long‑term utility‑bill increases for owners. Legal challenges further complicate the picture: a Texas federal judge recently sided with 15 Republican‑led states, deeming the Biden‑era standards for federally backed housing **unlawful**. Overall, the White House’s proposal positions regulatory reform as a lever to address the housing deficit, stimulate economic growth, and generate jobs, while navigating the political and environmental trade‑offs inherent in the debate.

The UK's housing crisis has reached a critical point, with homelessness rates among over-55s on the rise. The current housing system is failing to provide affordable options, leading to a growing number of people relying on friends and family for a roof. The issue is not just about the number of homes being built, but also about the type of housing being constructed. Currently, four-bedroom detached houses on car-dependent estates are being prioritized, which do little to address the needs of those facing rising rents and insecure tenancies. To address this crisis, there is a pressing need for genuinely affordable social housing within existing towns and cities. This means building accessible, energy-efficient homes close to shops, healthcare, green spaces, and public transport. Local authorities and housing organizations have long argued for urban densification, but planning policy still favors sprawl. The financial implications of inaction are stark. By 2029-30, local councils across England are projected to spend almost £4bn annually on temporary accommodation for those experiencing homelessness. Meanwhile, the building of new social housing, a key solution to the issue, is at historic lows. The government's intention to invest in affordable housing is welcome, but it will only deliver 300,000 new homes over a 10-year period, while there are currently 1.34m households on local authority waiting lists. To address this crisis, local councils, central government, and civil society must come together to devise an exit strategy that transforms the skyrocketing temporary accommodation bill into long-term investment in permanent social housing stock.

The Israeli military's invasion of southern Lebanon has resulted in the demolition of entire villages, with homes rigged with explosives and razed to the ground in massive remote detonations.Videos posted by the Israeli military and on social media show Israel carrying out mass detonations in the villages of Taybeh, Naqoura, and Deir Seryan along the Israel-Lebanon border. Lebanese media has reported more mass detonations in other border villages.The demolitions came after Israel's minister of defence, Israel Katz, called for the destruction of 'all houses' in border villages 'in accordance with the model used in Rafah and Beit Hanoun in Gaza' to stop threats to communities in northern Israel. The Israeli military destroyed 90% of homes in Rafah, in south Gaza.The tactic of mass destruction of homes in Gaza, where Israel has been accused of committing genocide, was described as domicide by academics, a strategy that is used to systematically destroy and damage civilian housing to render entire areas uninhabitable.The Israeli military has said they are targeting Hezbollah infrastructure such as tunnels and military facilities, which it claims the armed group has embedded in civilian homes, through these demolitions.Israel has said that it will occupy vast swathes of south Lebanon, establishing a 'security zone' in the entire area up to the Litani River, and that displaced people would not be allowed to return to their homes until the safety of Israel's northern cities is guaranteed, prompting concern there will be long-term displacement.Rights groups, however, have said these mass remote detonations could amount to wanton destruction: a war crime. The laws of war prohibit the deliberate destruction of civilian homes, except when necessary for lawful military reasons.'The possibility that Hezbollah may use some civilian structures in Lebanon's border villages for military purposes does not justify the wide-scale destruction of entire villages along the border,' said Ramzi Kaiss, the Lebanon researcher for Human Rights Watch.

Zappa Montag walks through a 76‑hectare (189‑acre) forest of redwoods, madrones and oaks that he co‑manages with five other Black residents at Black to the Land in Boonville, California. Powered by solar panels and supplied by a well, the off‑grid ecovillage embodies Montag’s goal to “reverse‑gentrify the country” by creating a self‑sufficient sanctuary for Black people. Intentional communities—small groups united by shared values—have long served Black and Indigenous peoples, ranging from urban co‑housing to rural ecovillages. In the post‑slavery era, tightly knit Black networks relied on mutual aid for business and farming, a tradition that is resurfacing in places like Alabama, Massachusetts and California as a way to revive ancestral agricultural knowledge. Montag and his daughter Bibi Sarai first imagined Black to the Land in 2015, frustrated by the rapid gentrification of Oakland. After a 2021 introduction to the declining Emerald Earth Sanctuary in Mendocino County, the nonprofit transferred stewardship of the property to their group through a verbal and written agreement. Montag describes the hand‑over as a form of reparations—instead of cash, they invest time learning land stewardship. Tragedy struck in February 2023 when Bibi Sarai died unexpectedly. Yet, reports that visitors felt uplifted after summer stays convinced Montag to stay permanently, turning grief into a catalyst for the community’s growth. Today, the community—members ranging from their late 20s to mid‑50s—funds land maintenance through grants, workshops and fundraising. They host classes on building, gardening and foraging, while some members work remotely to cover personal expenses. African plant‑medicine practitioners prepare herbal remedies, and a partnership with Ghanaian ecovillage leaders introduces natural‑building techniques. In addition to cultivating vegetables, the residents construct clay dwellings, practice yoga, and collectively manage chores such as fire‑wood gathering and trench‑building to prevent driveway flooding. Self‑reliance is the guiding principle, especially amid today’s economic uncertainty. The BIPOC Intentional Community Council, founded in 2020, supports Black and brown groups in establishing similar settlements by providing funding, nonprofit‑formation workshops and land‑trust guidance. Board member Crystal Byrd Farmer notes a growing “back‑to‑the‑land” movement as people seek rural roots. While mainstream media sometimes label intentional communities as radical, Farmer argues they echo millennial human practices of mutual support. Most U.S. intentional communities remain majority‑white due to historic capital access, leaving people of color to feel culturally alienated in those spaces. In Alabama, the Ekvn‑Yefolecv ecovillage—run by Indigenous Maskoke families—reclaimed 3,105 hectares (7,674 acres) of ancestral land. Governed matriarchally, residents speak their language daily, practice traditional foraging, reintroduce buffalo and sturgeon, and share land title, offering a model of ecological sustainability and cultural preservation. Massachusetts hosts the Solidarity Arts & Education Decolonial Initiatives (SAEDi) collective, a communal home for women of color that blends art, food sovereignty and reparations work. Rent is adjusted to ability, and members contribute childcare, meals and chores. Plans include a garden, orchard, and a “green residency” program that will archive elders’ agricultural stories online, aiming to boost security for immigrant families amid rising xenophobia. The modern roots of Black intentional living trace back to 1969’s New Communities in Georgia, a civil‑rights‑era farming settlement that pioneered the nation’s first community land trust. Although federal opposition led to its collapse, a 2009 $12 million settlement acknowledged USDA discrimination. Today, the organization runs workshops on land stewardship and mentors new generations of Black farmers. For Montag, the land also serves as a personal memorial. A clay bench honors his late daughter Bibi Sarai, allowing him to “connect with humanity” and keep her spirit alive. Future plans include grief‑focused rituals and a memorial garden, underscoring the belief that joy and healing are essential components of communal living. Increased security and safety Marginalized groups view intentional communities as safe havens for preserving cultural practices and passing knowledge to youth. Elders’ expertise is documented for future generations, reinforcing resilience against systemic oppression. Empowering collective action From the civil‑rights farms of Georgia to contemporary ecovillages in California and Alabama, these settlements illustrate how shared land ownership, communal labor and cultural affirmation can counter gentrification, foster economic independence, and nurture intergenerational healing.