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Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that could lead to the development of new obesity drugs. By studying the unique metabolic abilities of pythons, researchers have identified a molecule that appears to play a crucial role in regulating appetite and weight loss. The molecule, called pTOS, was found to increase significantly in the blood of pythons after they eat, and when administered to obese mice, it led to a significant reduction in food intake and a 9% loss of body weight over 28 days. The discovery could lead to the development of new obesity drugs that work in a different way to existing medications, such as GLP-1 medications like Wegovy. Unlike these medications, which can have side effects such as nausea and stomach pain, pTOS appears to act on the brain's appetite centers, reducing food intake without these adverse effects. The researchers, led by Dr. Jonathan Long from Stanford University and Prof. Leslie Leinwand from the University of Colorado Boulder, published their findings in the journal Nature Metabolism. They believe that pTOS, which is naturally produced by the snake's gut bacteria and also found in human urine, could be a safe and effective treatment for obesity. While further research is needed before the findings can be applied clinically, the discovery is seen as a promising step towards the development of new obesity treatments. The study's results suggest that pTOS could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

Lemi Limbu, a woman with severe intellectual disabilities in Tanzania, has had her conviction and death sentence quashed after spending more than a decade in prison awaiting execution. Limbu, now in her early 30s, was convicted of the murder of her daughter in 2015.On 4 March, a court in Shinyanga, northern Tanzania, declared she can appeal. She will face a retrial, but a date has yet to be set. Lawyers and activists have condemned her sentence, saying she should not be in prison at all. Limbu, who remains incarcerated, is a survivor of brutal and repeated sexual and domestic violence and has the developmental age of a child.Under Tanzanian and international law, Limbu should not be held criminally liable, given her intellectual disability. “She was not supposed to be in prison in the first place,” said Anna Henga, executive director of Legal and Human Rights Centre, a Tanzanian human rights advocacy organisation.At her first trial, Limbu pleaded not guilty. Unable to read or write, she said she did not know the contents of a statement that police claimed she had made admitting to the murder. Her original conviction in 2015 was nullified in 2019 due to procedural errors. In 2022, she was retried and sentenced to death a second time.The court did not allow evidence to be heard from medical professionals about her intellectual disabilities or history of abuse. A clinical psychologist who evaluated her had concluded she had a severe intellectual disability and the developmental age of a 10-year-old child or younger.A coalition of 24 African and international human rights groups last year condemned Limbu’s sentence as part of an appeal to the African court on human and peoples’ rights to look at the plight of women on death row throughout Africa. In Tanzania, the death penalty is the mandatory sentence for murder, although no executions have been carried out since 1995.

CrossSense, an innovative AI software, has been awarded a £1m prize for its groundbreaking technology designed to assist individuals with dementia. This cutting-edge system is integrated into smart glasses and features a user-friendly assistant named Wispy. The smart glasses, equipped with a camera, microphone, and speakers, provide wearers with real-time guidance and support through everyday tasks.Wispy offers verbal cues and text prompts that float in front of the wearer's eyes, enhancing their ability to navigate daily life. The AI assistant can also engage in light conversation, ask questions, and aid reminiscences, significantly improving the wearer's independence and quality of life.The Longitude Prize on Dementia, funded by Alzheimer's Society and Innovate UK, aims to encourage the development of technology that helps people with dementia stay independent for longer. About 150 million people are expected to be living with dementia by 2050, making such innovations crucial.The CrossSense technology is expected to cost around £50 a month per subscription, with the smart glasses potentially costing up to £1,000. However, the developers plan to make the technology more affordable over time. The team behind CrossSense plans to conduct a pilot study with smart glasses in people's homes later this year.Prof Julia Simner, who led the study, noted that participants with dementia could correctly identify 46% of household items without the glasses, increasing to 82% with the glasses. An hour after removing the glasses, the identification rate remained high at 78%.While experts praise the innovation, they also highlight the need for larger, more controlled studies to test the device's effectiveness and address ethical considerations regarding data collection and user consent.

In 1986, thrash metal reached a critical point with landmark albums from Slayer, Megadeth, and Metallica. However, across the Atlantic, a group of teenagers were forging their own path in the genre. Kreator, Sodom, Destruction, and Tankard, dubbed the 'big four' of German thrash metal, were faster and meaner than their American counterparts.These bands made up for their lack of finesse and professionalism with sheer aggression. Destruction vocalist and bassist Marcel 'Schmier' Schirmer notes that they focused on writing songs that 'punched hard' rather than striving for musical perfection.The German thrash metal scene was marked by its rough and violent approach, with bands drawing inspiration from English heavy metal albums and American thrash metal bands like Slayer. The scene was also influenced by the political climate of the time, with the presence of the Berlin Wall and the Cold War.Bands like Formel 1 from East Germany, who released their live album Live Im Stahlwerk in 1986, were also part of the thriving metal scene. Despite the challenges faced by these bands, including limited resources and censorship, they managed to create a lasting impact on the metal genre.Today, bands like Kreator, Sodom, and Destruction continue to tour and produce new music, with Kreator's 16th album, Krushers of the World, and Destruction's upcoming US tour with Overkill and Testament. The legacy of German thrash metal remains strong, with its unbridled aggression and brutal sound continuing to influence metal musicians to this day.

In El Salvador, the Oriente Salvaje surf spot, known for its world-class breaks, Las Flores and Punta Mango, is facing significant threats from climate change. The local economy, heavily reliant on surf tourism, sputters to a halt due to intense tropical storms causing flooding and disrupting transport routes.To mitigate these risks, Rodrigo Barraza, a local surfer, teamed up with Save the Waves, an international surfing nonprofit organization. They took out a parametric insurance policy for Oriente Salvaje, which can be used to support recovery from climate change impacts. This policy is triggered when damaging conditions cross a predetermined threshold, such as wind speed or rainfall level.The project aims to provide rapid support for the local community, which includes hotels, restaurants, surf shops, fishers, and drone experts. A survey of 50 local businesses showed that, on average, 70% of their income was dependent on surf tourism. Several informal operators, such as surf photographers, guides, and boat drivers, are especially vulnerable to changeable weather.The payout will be triggered once weather conditions reach an extreme associated with observable income loss. It will be distributed to anywhere between a few hundred and several thousand beneficiaries in the region. The size of the payout is still being determined, as well as which insurer it will be, but Save the Waves hopes to have a pilot running by June.The pioneering program has not been hurdle-free. Angelo Picardo, Save the Waves' local coordinator, says: "El Salvador is a developing country and we don't have an insurance culture – people don't even have health insurance – so there's a lot of work you have to do on the ground to bring people on board."Another challenge has been funding the premiums without burdening local businesses. Save the Waves is in talks with the Salvadorian government, which since 2019 has been channelling millions from loans into a nationwide surf tourism initiative.This type of insurance is bound to spread as more communities and ecosystems experience weather extremes. However, Swenja Surminski, an international expert on innovative insurance for ecosystems, warns that "parametric solutions must be combined with broader resilience and adaptation strategies".

Apple's Strategic Acquisition of MotionVFXApple has acquired MotionVFX, a Warsaw-based company that develops plug-ins, templates, and advanced capabilities for Apple's Final Cut Pro video editing software. The financial terms of the deal remain undisclosed, but this acquisition represents Apple's continued investment in its creative software ecosystem and services business.Enhancing Final Cut Pro's Creative CapabilitiesMotionVFX, founded in 2009, has built a reputation for creating world-class, visually inspiring content and effects for video editors. The company offers subscription packages starting at $29 per month for access to its professional-grade video editing tools, graphics, and templates. In their announcement, MotionVFX emphasized their alignment with Apple's values: "For over 15 years, we've been on a mission to create world-class, visually inspiring content and effects for video editors. From the very beginning, we've been all about quality, ease of use, and great design. These are also the values that we admire most in Apple's products."Boosting Apple's Services Revenue GrowthApple's services business has become one of its largest growth drivers in recent years. In the last fiscal year, the segment accounted for more than 26% of revenue, a notable increase from the 8.5% reported in 2015. The acquisition of MotionVFX is expected to further strengthen this segment by enhancing the value proposition of Apple's Creator Studio bundle, which was launched in January at $12.99 per month or $129 per year.Intensifying Competition with Adobe's Creative CloudThis strategic move positions Apple to better compete with Adobe Premiere Pro and the entire Adobe Creative Cloud suite. By integrating MotionVFX's tools and templates directly into its ecosystem, Apple can offer a more comprehensive creative solution to video editors and content creators. The acquisition also demonstrates Apple's commitment to expanding its presence in the professional creative software market, where it has traditionally faced strong competition from Adobe.Future Outlook for Apple's Creative Software StrategyLooking ahead, Apple is likely to continue acquiring specialized creative software companies to bolster its offerings. The MotionVFX acquisition follows the launch of Creator Studio, which bundles six creative apps with premium content. As Apple seeks to grow its services revenue, we can expect more strategic acquisitions that complement its existing software portfolio and enhance the value of its subscription offerings. This move also signals Apple's recognition of the importance of specialized tools in attracting and retaining professional creators in its ecosystem.