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The frozen assets of Iran, estimated to be over $100bn, have emerged as a significant obstacle in the ongoing talks between the United States and Iran. These assets, which include revenues from oil sales frozen in foreign banks, are a vital component of Iran's economy, which has been severely impacted by sanctions imposed by the US and other nations.The sanctions, in place since 1979, have restricted Tehran's ability to access its own assets, exacerbating the country's economic woes. Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, the speaker of Iran's parliament, has emphasized that the release of these frozen assets is a prerequisite for any negotiations.The exact amount of frozen assets is unclear, but experts estimate it to be around $100bn, a sum that is approximately four times what Iran earns annually from hydrocarbon sales. Frederic Schneider, a nonresident senior fellow at the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, noted that this is a substantial amount, especially for a country that has been suffering under decades of US-led sanctions.The frozen assets are held in multiple countries, including Japan, Iraq, China, India, Luxembourg, and Qatar. Iran's economy is in crisis, with decades of sanctions limiting its oil exports and stalling its ability to attract investments and modernize its industry and technology. The release of these assets could provide a significant boost to Iran's economy, allowing it to address its infrastructure needs and stabilize its currency.Roxane Farmanfarmaian, academic director and lecturer in international politics at the University of Cambridge, emphasized that unfreezing Iran's assets would be significant, enabling the country to repatriate its funds earned in hard currency from oil sales and gain control over its currency fluctuations.

Antonio Guterres urged the international community to stop all arms shipments to Sudan as the conflict entered its fourth year, warning that the continued flow of weapons threatens to exacerbate an already dire humanitarian situation. The UN chief highlighted that the protracted war has led to massive civilian casualties, displacement, and a collapse of essential services, and that further arming of warring factions will only deepen the crisis. Guterres called on regional powers and global suppliers to honor existing embargoes and to cooperate with UN mechanisms aimed at monitoring and restricting illicit arms transfers. He emphasized that a decisive halt to weapon deliveries is a prerequisite for any meaningful peace negotiations and for restoring stability in the Horn of Africa. While the statement did not specify new sanctions, the appeal underscores the UN’s growing frustration with the lack of progress in diplomatic efforts and the persistent inflow of arms that fuels the conflict. International observers note that curbing the arms flow could create a more favorable environment for ceasefire talks, potentially easing the suffering of millions of Sudanese who have endured years of violence and displacement.

The United States is set to move **over 10,000 additional service members** into the Middle East before the end of April, according to officials speaking anonymously to The Washington Post. The reinforcement is intended to heighten pressure on Iran while the current cease‑fire, declared a week ago, remains in force until April 22. Approximately 6,000 troops will embark aboard the USS George H.W. Bush carrier and its escort vessels, which are transiting around Africa to join the existing carrier presence. An additional 4,200 personnel from the Boxer Amphibious Ready Group and the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit are expected to arrive later in the month. These deployments bring the total number of U.S. forces engaged in the conflict since its start on February 28 to roughly 50,000 troops. With the arrival of the George H.W. Bush, the region will host three U.S. carriers: the newly arrived vessel, the USS Abraham Lincoln, and the USS Gerald Ford, all of which have already taken part in combat operations against Iran. Concurrently, U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) announced on social media that its naval blockade of Iranian maritime trade is "fully implemented" and that American forces have "completely halted economic trade" to and from Iran by sea. However, maritime‑tracking data released on Tuesday showed several ships departing Iranian ports and navigating the Strait of Hormuz, suggesting the blockade’s effectiveness may be limited. Amid the military buildup, diplomatic channels remain active. President Donald Trump told The New York Post that a new round of negotiations with Iran could be convened in Pakistan within two days, following a marathon session in Islamabad that ended without a breakthrough. The previous high‑stakes talks failed to secure a lasting peace agreement, and the cease‑fire is slated to expire on April 22. According to the Washington Post sources, the fresh troop influx is designed to give the U.S. administration leverage in ongoing talks while preserving the option for "additional strikes or ground operations" if negotiations falter. This dual strategy underscores Washington’s intent to maintain both diplomatic and kinetic pressure on Tehran as the regional conflict evolves.

On the third anniversary of Sudan's civil war, international donors have pledged $1.5 billion in humanitarian aid to alleviate the suffering of millions affected by the conflict. The pledges were made during a conference in Berlin, attended by about a dozen foreign ministers and over 60 delegations.United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres described the anniversary as a 'tragic milestone in a conflict that has shattered a country of immense promise.' He emphasized that the consequences of the war are not confined to Sudan, but are destabilizing the wider region.The conflict in Sudan began in April 2023, when fighting erupted between the military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) after a long-simmering power struggle. The war has resulted in nearly 34 million people needing humanitarian assistance and over 4.5 million being forced to flee their homes.Guterres also highlighted the dire situation for women and girls in Sudan, who have been terrorized and subjected to systematic sexual violence. The conference aimed to not only rally donors but also to help revive stalled negotiations to end the fighting, although the two sides fighting the war were excluded.Sudan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs criticized the meeting as a 'colonial tutelage approach,' accusing Western leaders of trying to impose their agenda and vision without consulting or coordinating with Khartoum. The ministry stated that it 'will not accept that countries and regional and international organizations convene to decide on its affairs and bypass the Sudanese government under the pretext of neutrality.'German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul announced that his country pledged 212 million euros ($250m) in humanitarian aid and thanked donors for their pledges. He emphasized that the aid will help alleviate the suffering of the people in Sudan, save lives, and show that the conflict has not been forgotten.

Iranian Major General Ali Abdollahi stated that if the US continues its naval blockade in the Strait of Hormuz, it would be seen as a prelude to violating the ceasefire. The blockade has completely halted economic trade going into and out of Iran by sea. Abdollahi emphasized that Iran's armed forces will not allow any exports or imports to continue in the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Oman, and the Red Sea. The US military's actions have significant implications for Iran's economy and regional stability.The current ceasefire was declared a week ago, and US President Donald Trump hinted at a second round of face-to-face talks with Iran in Pakistan in the coming days. However, Iranian authorities have maintained a defiant approach, with parliament's deputy speaker, Ali Nikzad, stating that Iran will never give concessions to its enemy.Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman, Esmaeil Baghaei, emphasized that Iran has not and will not seek a nuclear weapon but insists on its right to pursue nuclear energy for civilian purposes under United Nations safeguards. The level and type of enrichment can be negotiated.Iranian authorities have continued to announce the enforcement of death sentences, as well as a large number of arrests and asset confiscations. The judiciary has said some of the executions were linked to nationwide protests in January, during which thousands of people were killed during an internet blackout.

A group of 19 UN experts has denounced Israel's attack on Lebanon, which occurred a day after the US and Iran agreed on a ceasefire, as illegal and a blatant violation of the UN Charter. The experts are calling on UN member states to halt all arms transfers to Israel while there is credible evidence of serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law.The condemnation comes as Israel continues to pound areas of southern Lebanon, resulting in at least 16 deaths, including four paramedics, according to Lebanese state media. The experts also expressed concern over the forced displacement of over 1.2 million people and the targeted destruction of homes, particularly in predominantly Shia areas of the south, which they described as a form of collective punishment that points to ethnic cleansing.The UN experts emphasized that Israel's actions constitute crimes against humanity and urged Israel to cease all military operations in Lebanon. The situation has been a point of tension in US-Iran negotiations, with Tehran pushing for Lebanon to be included in the ongoing ceasefire. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has stated that Israel will continue to target Hezbollah wherever required, despite diplomatic efforts towards a ceasefire.

A high-level Pakistani delegation, led by Army Chief Asim Munir, has arrived in Tehran to facilitate fresh negotiations between Iran and the United States, with a fragile truce set to expire on April 22.The talks aim to address key issues, including Iran's nuclear program, control of the Strait of Hormuz, and compensation for wartime damages. Pakistani Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi is also joining mediation efforts in Tehran.US President Donald Trump has expressed optimism about a potential deal, stating that the world should brace for an “amazing two days” as the war with Iran is close to over. The White House has also indicated that additional talks with Iran would likely go forward in Islamabad.Despite these developments, US military maintains its naval blockade on all Iranian ports, which Iran's military has slammed as a violation of the ceasefire. Iran has threatened to retaliate by blocking trade through the Red Sea, Gulf, and Sea of Oman if the US does not lift its blockade.Mediators are pushing for a compromise on three main sticking points – Iran's nuclear program, control of the Strait of Hormuz, and compensation for wartime damages. Sources indicate that Pakistani mediators are optimistic about a potential major breakthrough on the nuclear front.

Washington, D.C. – The U.S. Senate voted 47‑52 to reject a resolution that would have limited President Donald Trump’s power to wage war against Iran, marking the fourth defeat of the measure despite weekly attempts by lawmakers. The vote follows a two‑week ceasefire agreed upon last week, though subsequent negotiations in Islamabad failed to produce a longer‑term deal. Both sides have indicated openness to a second round of talks. President Trump’s earlier threats, including a statement on April 7 that a “whole civilisation will die tonight,” intensified congressional calls for constraints on his war‑making authority. Party lines largely dictated the outcome: Republican Rand Paul voted in favor, while Democrat John Fetterman broke with his party to oppose the resolution. Supporters argue that Trump acted beyond constitutional limits when he joined Israel in launching the February 28 offensive. The U.S. Constitution reserves the declaration of war for Congress, allowing presidents to act unilaterally only in cases of immediate self‑defence. Senator Chris Murphy, speaking before the vote, described the conflict as a “bungled, mismanaged war” that has failed to meet the administration’s objectives. He criticized the lack of transparency and oversight, noting that the war is costing “billions of dollars every week,” has claimed “over a dozen American lives,” and is destabilising economies worldwide. Republican Senator Jim Risch defended Trump’s actions, dismissing the resolution as “same old, same old” and asserting that the president has both the right and duty to act. The House of Representatives is slated to consider its own war‑powers resolution this week, with a higher likelihood of passage given growing wariness among some Republicans. Even if both chambers approved the measure, Trump could veto it, requiring a two‑thirds supermajority to override. Under the War Powers Act of 1973, Congress must either authorize the military action or approve a 30‑day extension when the conflict reaches its 60‑day mark at the end of April. Failure to do so would legally compel the president to begin withdrawing forces. U.S. blockade updates: U.S. Central Command reported that no vessels have successfully breached the blockade of Iranian ports in the Strait of Hormuz over the past 48 hours, with nine ships complying with orders to turn back. The U.S. Navy warned that vessels attempting to transit will be boarded for interdiction and seizure. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced a forthcoming set of financial measures described as the “financial equivalent” of military attacks, while noting that some sanctions had been lifted to ease soaring global energy prices. White House spokesperson Karoline Leavitt said the administration has not formally requested an extension of the ceasefire, which is set to expire next week, but expressed optimism about a second round of talks in Islamabad. Iran’s state‑run television reported that a high‑level Pakistani delegation arrived in Tehran to coordinate new negotiations. Meanwhile, Major‑General Ali Abdollahi of the IRGC warned that the ongoing naval blockade could jeopardise the fragile ceasefire, describing it as a “prelude to a violation of the ceasefire.”

President Donald Trump declared that the war with Iran is "very close to over," even as Washington maintains a naval blockade of the strategic Strait of Hormuz. In Washington, D.C., Israeli and Lebanese ambassadors convened for uncommon direct talks, seeking a cease‑fire while Israel pressed for Hezbollah’s disarmament. Trump also hinted at a possible second round of negotiations with Tehran, suggesting talks could resume in Pakistan within days. The United States, however, is set to let a temporary sanctions waiver on stranded Iranian oil expire, tightening economic pressure on Tehran. The International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies delivered its first shipment of medical supplies and humanitarian aid into Iran since hostilities began, offering a modest lifeline to civilians. Inside Tehran, minor explosions caused limited damage and injuries, underscoring ongoing instability. Iran estimates its war‑related losses at $270 billion and plans to seek reparations. On the diplomatic front, the United Nations' IAEA chief Rafael Grossi noted that the duration of any uranium‑enrichment moratorium would be a political decision, reflecting the delicate balance of future negotiations. In the United States, the Senate is poised to vote as early as Wednesday on a Democratic initiative to restrict the president’s war powers, signaling growing congressional scrutiny of the conflict. Former defence official David Sedney warned that the Hormuz blockade is backfiring, increasing pressure on Washington as global trade routes are disrupted and domestic support wanes. Meanwhile, CENTCOM Commander Admiral Brad Cooper affirmed that the blockade of Iranian ports is fully operational and that U.S. forces retain maritime superiority in the region. President Trump publicly rebuked Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni for not joining U.S. actions against Iran, describing her stance as lacking courage. U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced that American forces will intercept Chinese tankers carrying Iranian oil through the Hormuz Strait, effectively cutting off Iran’s oil exports while allowing non‑Iranian cargo to pass. Israel has proposed a long‑term troop presence extending up to 8 km into southern Lebanon until Hezbollah is dismantled, and continues air strikes aimed at encircling the strategic town of Bint Jbeil. Former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Jeffrey Feltman highlighted a growing divergence between U.S. and Israeli priorities, noting Israel’s heightened concern over Iran’s ballistic‑missile program. In Lebanon, Israeli raids have resulted in multiple civilian casualties, with reports of villages being razed in a manner likened to Gaza. Hezbollah has rejected the ongoing Israel‑Lebanon talks, while public opinion remains split between hopes for peace and opposition to negotiations. The International Monetary Fund warned that any further escalation could push the global economy toward recession. It cut its 2026 growth forecast for the Middle East and North Africa to 1.1 % from 3.9 %, citing disruptions to Gulf oil and gas exports. On the markets, stock indices rose while oil prices slipped, reflecting renewed optimism for a diplomatic resolution and the reopening of the Hormuz Strait.