How Martin Luther's Musical Legacy Shaped Classical Music History

On All Hallows' Eve in 1517, Martin Luther, a 33-year-old German priest and scholar, took a pivotal step that would change the course of history. He marched up to the church in Wittenberg and nailed a document to the door, containing 95 statements, or theses, protesting against corruption in the church.

Luther's actions led to his excommunication and a dramatic escape, but they also marked the beginning of the Reformation. As a musician himself, Luther knew the power of music in spreading his new doctrine. He saw music as a divine gift 'next to theology' and used it to incite people to do good and to teach them.

Luther's hymns, known as chorales in the German-speaking world, were simple, memorable tunes, often adapted from popular melodies, repeated verse to verse. The words were in everyday German, and the hymn tunes were harmonized with simple, block chords, making it possible for anyone to sing along.

One of Luther's most famous hymns, Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott (A Safe Stronghold Our God is Still), is still sung today in churches around the world. His hymns were widely distributed using the relatively new technology of the movable type printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg.

Luther's musical legacy continued to influence composers, including Heinrich Schütz and Johann Sebastian Bach, who composed new chorales and clothed existing ones in rich harmonies. Bach's chorale preludes, where an elaborate melodic line unfolds until the chorale tune emerges, remain iconic.

The chorales have also had a lasting impact on popular music, with arrangements by artists like the Swingle Singers and Myra Hess, and even influencing 1970s pop music, such as Apollo's 'Joy' and The Beach Boys' 'Lady Lynda'.