Ethiopia Faces Pressure to Avoid Relapse into Conflict

Executive Summary: A Call to Preserve the 2022 Peace Accord
The Ethiopian government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front have reiterated that the nation must not be pulled back into war, emphasizing the need to honor the November 2022 peace agreement. This warning comes amid lingering mistrust, sporadic clashes, and a delicate regional balance that could be destabilized by any escalation.
The Fragile Peace After the November 2022 Agreement
The agreement signed on November 2, 2022 in Pretoria, brokered by the African Union, marked the formal cessation of large‑scale hostilities that had devastated the Tigray region since 2020. While the ceasefire has largely held, implementation gaps—particularly around disarmament, humanitarian access, and political representation—remain sources of tension.
Regional Stakes and International Involvement
- African Union: Continues to lead mediation, deploying a high‑level envoy to monitor compliance.
- Neighbouring States: Ethiopia’s stability is critical for Sudan, South Sudan, and Eritrea, all of which face their own security challenges.
- Global Actors: The United Nations and European Union maintain humanitarian and development programmes contingent on sustained peace.
Risks of Escalation: What Could Trigger a Return to War
Key flashpoints include disputed border demarcations, competition over federal resources, and the integration of former TPLF combatants into national security forces. Any misstep in these areas could reignite armed confrontations, undoing years of reconstruction.
Outlook: Pathways to Sustainable Stability
Analysts stress that durable peace will require:
- Transparent implementation of the 2022 accord’s provisions.
- Inclusive political dialogue that addresses Tigray’s autonomy concerns.
- Continued African Union oversight paired with targeted international support.