AI and Digitization: A Turning Point in the Race Against Plant Extinction

The Lead

The rise of AI and digitisation could be a turning point in the “race against extinction” faced by botanists trying to identify and save vital plants before they vanish, according to a major report from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

The Event Details

New technology is enabling scientists to track how flowering times have shifted by weeks around the world, rapidly identify new specimens and even get crucial genetic data from 180-year-old fungus specimens, potentially opening a “genomic goldmine”. Digitisation and online access to millions of specimens that were until now only accessible in archives is also producing new insights, especially in the global south.

The Data Analysis

About 40% of the 70,000 plant species that have been assessed are at risk of extinction, while another 330,000 have yet to be analysed. There are also believed to be another 100,000 plant species still to be named by scientists. For fungi, 90% of an estimated 2m species are still unknown to science and less than 1% of known species assessed for extinction risk.

The Impact Analysis

Plants and fungi underpin all life on Earth, supplying food and medicines, storing carbon and regulating the climate. AI can learn how to identify challenging plants, for example, such as sedges and peat mosses whose distinguishing features are microscopic, meaning new or vulnerable species can be spotted faster.

The Prediction

The report also features a global study using an AI model trained to spot flowers that analysed 8m digitised specimens. It revealed flowering has shifted by an average 2.5 days a decade over the last century due to the climate crisis. The researchers said the breakthrough makes historical fungarium specimens a “genomic goldmine” for new medicines and the prediction of disease outbreaks.