Africa's AI Infrastructure Control: A Delicate Balance
The Lead
African Union ministers recently gathered in Tangier, Morocco, to discuss artificial intelligence, as governments across the continent rush to develop AI strategies, attract investment, and expand digital infrastructure. However, beneath the enthusiasm lies a fundamental question: as foreign technology companies invest in data centres, cloud services, and AI systems across Africa, how much control will African countries ultimately have over the infrastructure on which those technologies depend?
The Event Details
Several governments have framed the issue in terms of ownership, governance, and the terms on which AI systems are developed and deployed. Nigeria, Kenya, Egypt, and Ghana have released national AI strategies in recent years, highlighting the need to build local capacity and reduce dependence on foreign technology providers. Ghana's national strategy describes AI as a "sovereign capability".
The Data Analysis
Africa remains significantly underrepresented in the global digital economy's physical backbone, with industry estimates suggesting the continent accounts for less than one per cent of global data centre capacity, despite being home to roughly 18 per cent of the world's population. Research by McKinsey found that Africa's five largest data centre markets combined have less capacity than France.
The Impact Analysis
The discussion reflects a broader shift in how policymakers think about AI. For years, discussions focused largely on adoption; now, attention is turning to ownership, governance, and the terms on which AI systems are developed and deployed. The debate echoes older questions about economic sovereignty that have shaped African politics for decades.
The Prediction
Africa is unlikely to become self-sufficient in artificial intelligence, nor is that the objective for most governments. The continent remains deeply integrated into global technology supply chains and will continue to rely on international investment, expertise, and partnerships. The question facing policymakers is therefore less about whether Africa will use AI than about the terms on which it should do so.