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The Election Challenge The pro-Russian Strong Armenia party has called on Armenia's election commission to annul Sunday's parliamentary election result due to "voting irregularities." The opposition alliance's Aram Vardevanyan told reporters in the capital Yerevan that the petition was submitted on Friday, alleging that the victory claimed by incumbent Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan's governing Civil Contract party should not be allowed to stand, despite the huge margin. The Political Landscape The ruling party, which has bolstered ties with Western countries since coming to power in 2018, won 49.8 percent of votes. Strong Armenia secured 23.2 percent in the June 7 election, running on a pledge to maintain Armenia's traditionally close ties to Russia. The annulment call came despite Russia's obvious efforts to influence the race. Moscow was accused of seeking to tip the scales by exerting economic and diplomatic pressure on Pashinyan's government. International Reactions Moscow was quick to condemn the result as soon as it became clear that Pashinyan had won, claiming the vote had been marred by Western interference. On Thursday, Armenia's Central Election Commission declared tallies at two polling stations invalid citing a concentration of military personnel at voting sites after polls closed. Opposition groups have also complained of a spate of arrests before the vote that targeted their parliamentary candidates and supporters. A group of international electoral observers, while noting allegations of vote-buying and other electoral violations, said voting had gone smoothly in most polling stations. Russia's Economic Pressure Analysts accused Russia of online misinformation and spreading Kremlin-friendly narratives portraying Western cooperation as dangerous. Russia has a military base in the mountainous Caucasian country and is among Yerevan's top trading partners. Despite freezing its participation in the Russian-led Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2024, Armenia has remained in the economic bloc, as Pashinyan has sought to maintain pragmatic relations with Armenia's larger neighbour. The Kremlin has warned that it would be impossible for Armenia to be part of both the European Union and EAEU. Trade Tactics and Election Interference Ahead of the vote, Russia's agricultural watchdog suspended seafood imports from Armenia, a vital sector for the economy that sends 30 percent of its exports to Russia. Bans were also implemented on Armenian flowers, mineral water and alcohol. Trade bans are a common tactic employed by Moscow displeased by former colonies. The European Union accused Russia of attempting to cripple Armenia's economy to influence the election's outcome. Next Steps in Armenia's Political Crisis The Election Commission is expected to publish the final results on Sunday. The challenge to the election results by the pro-Russian party highlights the deep geopolitical divisions within Armenia as the country navigates its relationship with both Russia and Western powers. The outcome of this electoral dispute could significantly impact Armenia's foreign policy alignment and regional stability in the South Caucasus.

The Geopolitical Crossroads: Armenia's Democratic Test Voting is under way in Armenia's parliamentary election, seen as a test of the government's efforts to forge a peace deal with rival Azerbaijan and loosen ties with Moscow. Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and his ruling Civil Contract party are seeking a strong mandate to continue a geopolitical reorientation towards Europe and away from former imperial ruler Russia. The opposition they face includes several parties that are vocally pro-Moscow. Casting his vote on Sunday, Pashinyan said Armenia would continue strengthening its independence, statehood, democracy and rule of law. "The European Union is our main partner in democratic reform implementation and we will continue that path," he said. He also stressed that there were no tensions between Armenia and Moscow, saying, "our relations with Russia are institutional and based on mutual respect," the Armenpress news agency reported. The Strategic Shift: Armenia's Westward Reorientation Pashinyan has moved Armenia closer to the West and away from Russia since coming to power in 2018, drawing the ire of Moscow. Russian officials hit Armenian exports with restrictions in recent weeks, while high-ranking officials, including President Vladimir Putin, have made thinly veiled threats comparing Armenia's path to that already taken by Ukraine. A day before the vote, Armenian investigators said they issued six arrest warrants for members of the Strong Armenia party, accusing them of buying votes. The nation's Central Election Committee confirmed on Saturday that the party could run after a member of another opposition party, Republic, appealed for Strong Armenia to be barred over corruption allegations. Armenia's parliament, the National Assembly, must consist of at least 101 members who are elected for five-year terms. Parties must win at least 4 percent of the vote to take a seat, while blocs made up of three or more parties must hit 8 percent. Two political blocs and 17 parties are taking part in the election. The Economic Calculus: Growth vs. Regional Dependencies Most pollsters and experts have predicted Pashinyan, who came to power in 2018 following sweeping street protests, will come out ahead. Polls opened at 8am local time (04:00 GMT) on Sunday and will close at 8pm (16:00 GMT). Supporters of the incumbent leader have praised his governance, with the gross domestic product per capita doubling since he took power. "I really like how Armenia has been growing right before my eyes," 39-year-old voter Karine Darbinyan told the Reuters news agency at a rally for Pashinyan in Yerevan's central square on Friday. The 51-year-old has also sought to loosen Armenia's dependence on Moscow, after it failed to help during the Karabakh conflict, saying Armenia would pursue a balanced foreign policy after the vote. The Security Dilemma: Peace with Azerbaijan or Return to Conflict Pashinyan has framed the vote as a choice between a lasting peace with Azerbaijan or a return to war. His peace efforts have taken centre stage in his campaign, which includes an agreement he signed at the White House last August with Azerbaijan after an on-and-off war that has raged since the late 1980s. The conflict came to an end in 2023, when the Azerbaijan army seized control of the enclave and most of the Armenian population fled. Maria Titizian, editor-in-chief of EVN Report, an online news magazine based in Yerevan, said the key issues for voters are related to security and identity. "It's about how Armenia should guarantee its security in a profoundly changed, altered regional environment, what kind of relationship it should have with Russia, especially after many of the assumptions that underpinned its post-Soviet security architecture were fundamentally shaken, [and] whether it should continue deepening ties with Europe, the US, and what peace could or should look like with Azerbaijan," Titizian told Al Jazeera, speaking from the capital. The campaign has been marked by fear-mongering, she said, with the incumbent party saying that if the pro-Russian opposition wins, we will "definitely have war with Azerbaijan", and the pro-Russian parties "saying that if we cut ties with Russia, the economic fallout will be catastrophic for the country". The Opposition Challenge: Pro-Russia Forces and Democratic Concerns Pashinyan has faced a wave of criticism from the opposition and some sections of the public who have accused him of capitulating to Azerbaijan. Armenia's opposition is dominated by the Strong Armenia party, formed last year by Russian-Armenian billionaire Samvel Karapetyan, who is under house arrest on charges of plotting a coup. He wants to keep Armenia close to Russia, a key supplier of energy and buyer of exports. At a Strong Armenia rally in Yerevan last week, a woman who gave her name only as Gayane said she supported Karapetyan because he would ensure "that our Armenia remains Armenian". She said her roots were in Nagorno-Karabakh, the breakaway territory inhabited by ethnic Armenians that was retaken by Azerbaijan in the 2023 war. "The current authorities have taken away that hope from us. And Samvel Karapetyan has now given us new hope that we can at least preserve our Armenia and our traditions," Gayane told Reuters. Pashinyan's democratic record is also on the ballot paper. Eight years after he swept to power on a promise to dismantle Armenia's oligarchic system, he faces increasing accusations of democratic backsliding. The government has broadly defended the actions of law enforcement agencies against individuals whom it says are trying to foment coups.