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The Discovery of Tool Use in Bees Bumblebees can use tools to solve a problem, according to experiments that demonstrate their remarkably advanced cognitive abilities. The Experiment and Its Findings The bees were given an adapted version of an experiment that, 100 years ago, first demonstrated chimpanzees could work out how to retrieve an out-of-reach banana by stacking boxes. In the latest research, bees were shown to be able to roll a polystyrene ball to a specific location and climb on to it in order to access an artificial flower on a low ceiling. The Implications of the Study The findings challenge the longstanding assumption that insects operate purely on instinct and mindless trial-and-error learning. “Most people think insects are reflex-based machines,” said Dr Olli Loukola, a behavioural ecologist at the University of Oulu, Finland, and senior author. “That they can’t have any emotional states or feel pain. Some people don’t even realise that they have brains.” The Complexity of the Bees' Problem-Solving Abilities In the most basic version of the test, 75% of the bees were successful in reaching the flower. To test whether the bees were really solving the problem, the scientists put them through increasingly complex versions of the challenge. In the final setup, 23 out of 30 bees were successful in recalling the location of the flower and positioning the ball beneath it. The Future of Insect Cognition Research “We are not claiming that bees think like humans,” said Loukola. “But our findings show that miniature brains can generate flexible solutions to novel problems in ways we are only beginning to understand.” Prof Lars Chittka, a behavioural ecologist at Queen Mary University of London, added: “Bees are a model of how much intelligence you can squeeze into a small nervous system … It’s a good reminder of there being a motivation to pay some respect to these other beings.”

Lead: The launch of Restore Britain – a hard‑line anti‑immigration party founded by former Reform UK MP Rupert Lowe – has injected a new competitor into the UK far‑right, prompting questions about whether it will erode Nigel Farage's support base ahead of a crucial Makerfield by‑election.The Rise of Restore Britain and Its Challenge to Reform UKLess than four months after its inception, Restore Britain claims more than 96,000 members and 13 councillors, most of whom defected from Reform. The party positions itself as the “only leader willing to take decisive action against immigration,” a stance amplified by a public endorsement from tech billionaire Elon Musk on X.Poll Numbers Reveal a Fragmented Far‑Right VoteMakerfield by‑election (June 18): Labour incumbent historically holds the seat, but a Survation poll shows Keir Starmer’s ally Andy Burnham at 43 %, Reform UK candidate Robert Kenyon at 40 %, and Restore Britain candidate Rebecca Shepherd at 7 %.Membership: 96,000+ members and 13 councillors have joined Restore since its launch.Implications for the Makerfield By‑Election and National PoliticsThe narrow margin between Labour and Reform suggests that Restore’s 7 % share could tip the balance, potentially preventing Reform from consolidating the anti‑immigration vote. Analysts from King’s College London and Queen Mary University warn that the split may hinder Farage’s ambition to become a king‑maker in Westminster, especially if Restore continues to attract the “more extreme” faction of the far‑right.What the Split Means for Future UK ElectionsExperts predict a multi‑party right‑wing landscape where Restore Britain may secure “a few seats here or there,” siphoning votes from Reform and complicating any coalition‑building effort. If the Makerfield contest demonstrates Restore’s ability to win marginal constituencies, the party could force Reform to either harden its rhetoric or risk further marginalisation, reshaping the dynamics of UK far‑right politics for the next general election.

The UK government's new employment rights watchdog, the Fair Work Agency (FWA), is set to launch on Tuesday, but its priorities have already faced criticism from worker advocates. The agency, a cornerstone of Labour's Employment Rights Act, will bring together several existing labour enforcement bodies and focus on policing the minimum wage, holiday pay, and modern slavery. However, the government's priorities for the FWA's first year have been criticized for focusing on reducing regulatory burdens on businesses, rather than taking a more robust approach to protecting workers' rights. The priorities, listed by Matthew Taylor, the incoming chair of the FWA, include 'thought leadership' and 'reducing regulatory burdens'. Worker advocates argue that this approach risks turning the agency into 'a dead duck' before it even begins. Sharon Graham, the general secretary of Unite, which represents over 1 million workers, said that the priorities showed the agency was 'in danger of being a dead duck before it even begins'. She added that the government needs to urgently ensure that the FWA focuses on bringing rogue bosses to heel, rather than seeking ways to allow dodgy companies to continue bad behaviour. The UK has among the fewest labour inspectors per worker within Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, with different estimates putting the scale of unpaid wages in the billions of pounds. This means employers face 'no credible threat of inspection, investigation or enforcement', according to Prof David Whyte of Queen Mary University. A report to be published on Monday by the Institute of Employment Rights will recommend adequate funding, unannounced inspections, and prosecutions for wrongdoing. The government has yet to announce the budget it will allocate to the FWA. A government spokesperson said: 'The new Fair Work Agency will end the current fragmented system of enforcing employment rights, making it easier for workers and victims of exploitation to get the rights they're entitled to. The agency will take tough action against businesses that deliberately flout the law while supporting employers who want to do the right thing and strengthen workers' rights.'