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The Billionaire's Challenge to Women's FootballIt has been a bad week for Michele Kang, the billionaire women's football investor. On Wednesday the Uefa director of women's football, Nadine Kessler, was firm on the enforcement of rules prohibiting clubs with the same owner from playing each other in European competitions, dealing a blow to Kang, who has ambitions of taking London City Lionesses into Europe's premier competition, but also owns the tournament's most decorated side, OL Lyonnes.Then, across the weekend, Kang teams suffered two continental final defeats, with Lyonnes losing 4-0 to Barcelona in the Champions League final before her US outfit, Washington Spirit, fell short in the Concacaf W Champions Cup with a 5-3 reverse to the Mexican side Club América.Barcelona's Talent Pipeline vs. Financial MuscleSpeaking to the Catalan TV channel Esport3 in Oslo on Saturday evening, the Barcelona goalkeeper Cata Coll made some pointed remarks about money in football after their emphatic victory, and her words went viral. "There has been criticism but we have shown the team we are," she said. "Money isn't everything. We are privileged to have La Masia and all the girls that have come up to the first team: Aïcha Cámara, Carla [Julià Martínez], [Martine] Fenger, [Clara] Serrajordi, all of them. They are incredible. It says everything and that's why I say it."Many have assumed it was a jab at Kang and the use of her wealth to pursue glory in women's football, with Barcelona's talent pipeline apparently delivering an antidote to such an approach. There have been frustrations that Kang's teams have been sniffing at Barcelona's door in recent years, poaching the head coach Jonatan Giráldez, who led Barça to their second and third European titles, first planting him in post at Washington Spirit before switching him this season to Lyonnes, another of her Kynisca Sports International multi-club ownership group.The Financial Distortion in Women's FootballGiráldez isn't the only Barcelona employee to have been recruited by the big-spending Kang. The midfielder Ingrid Engen joined Lyonnes last summer and the defender Jana Fernández was acquired by London City from the Catalan club. Meanwhile, talk of potential rogue bids for Aitana Bonmatí have circulated in past seasons, while London City are believed to have made Alexia Putellas, soon to be out-of-contract, a large offer to play in the WSL.Clubs are seemingly irritated with Kang's spending because to entice superstars to fledgling projects she is offering fees and wages that are distorting the market, driving it beyond what many view as sustainable growth. Except, given the opportunity, every club would probably do it. Yes, huge men's clubs could do the same, given the large sums at their disposal, but often choose not to in the name of sustainability and gradual growth.Barcelona's Own Financial ChallengesHowever, while the constantly emerging talent from La Masia is both laudable and enviable, Barcelona are not a model women's football club, or a salve to the model being championed by Kang.Kang is one of many to have exploited the strict financial rules of La Liga, with the money trouble experienced by the men's side recently affecting every section of the club, from the women's team to the youth academy and basketball, handball and futsal teams. To lower the wage bill, players have been allowed to leave that may have been kept under different circumstances.The team that have powered Barça to four European titles contains several key players at the end of their contracts. Alongside Putellas, the quartet of Mapi León, Marta Torrejón, Salma Paralluelo and Caroline Graham Hansen are nearing the end of their deals. At some stage Barça will need to undergo their next evolution, but to what extent that is done on their terms, or forced by financial pressure, remains to be seen.The Future of Investment Models in Women's FootballSaturday's Champions League final was my eighth in nine years – the Covid-19 pandemic prevented me from attending the 2020 final between Lyon (now Lyonnes) and Wolfsburg in San Sebastián. The game has come a long way since my first, in Kyiv in 2018, when the host city was the same as the one for the men's Champions League final and the women's final cowered in its shadow.In Oslo the huge numbers pouring into Uefa's fan park, that featured a line of mini-pitches where girls' teams played all day, reflected the impact the final can now have on a city. Women's football has also changed a lot, but in some ways it is very similar. In 2018 Lyon lifted their fifth of what has become eight European titles, the efforts of the former club owner, men's and women's, Jean-Michel Aulas, repeatedly delivering for the French team. Aulas committed more resources to the women's team than most other European clubs and Kang is now doing the same sort of thing, but more aggressively, in a world where many of the top women's clubs are increasing investment.The problem is, there is no alternative model put forward by any of the biggest clubs. Each one walks the same path, in slightly different ways, perhaps getting annoyed at how others have gone the same route. Most men's Premier League clubs do not want an alternative funding model – because it might show fans there is another way of doing things. As it stands, those owners can take money out of clubs to boost their personal wealth.So, yes, Coll is right, but behaving like Barcelona are the morally superior club is misleading.

The Lead UEFA has taken a firm stance against multi-club ownership in the Women's Champions League, with the organization's head of women's football confirming that rules prohibiting clubs with the same owner from competing against each other will be strictly enforced. This decision represents a significant challenge for investors who have built portfolios of women's football clubs across Europe. UEFA's Strict Enforcement Policy Nadine Kessler, UEFA's women's football director, made it clear that no exceptions would be made in the women's game despite the growing number of multi-club ownership groups. While acknowledging that these owners invest significantly in women's football, Kessler emphasized that when it comes to competition, the rules will be applied without compromise. "There is an evolution of multi-club owners in women's football and they invest a lot into the game, which is important," Kessler said. "But at the same time, when it comes to playing in one football competition, there will be no different approach and no exceptions when it comes to the women's game, and this is being closely monitored." Key Affected Investors and Clubs The policy directly impacts investors like Michele Kang, who owns both OL Lyonnes—one of Saturday's Women's Champions League finalists—and London City Lionesses, a club with ambitions to compete for the Women's Super League title. Kang also owns the US side Washington Spirit. Other multi-club ownership groups with significant European include: Crux Sports, founded by former New Zealand captain Bex Smith, which owns Swedish champions Rosengård and French side Montpellier Mercury13, which owns Italian Serie A club FC Como Women, Spanish top-flight side FC Badalona Women, and WSL2 club Bristol City Preserving Sporting Integrity Kessler defended the strict approach by questioning why sporting integrity should be preserved in men's football but not in women's football. She emphasized that ensuring fair competition is the most important aspect of organizing any sporting event. "Why would we want to preserve the sporting integrity of men's football, but not of women's football? It's out of [the] question. I think in any sport, you want to preserve sporting integrity. That's the most important thing." Regulatory Framework Article 5 of UEFA's Women's Champions League regulations explicitly prohibits individuals from being involved in the management, administration, or sporting performance of more than one club participating in the competition. The regulations also prohibit anyone from having a decisive influence in the decision-making of multiple clubs or being a majority shareholder of more than one club. Impact on the Women's Football Landscape This strict enforcement comes at a time when women's football is experiencing significant growth and investment. The decision may reshape how investors approach women's football clubs, potentially leading to a focus on developing single clubs to their maximum potential rather than building portfolios. It also underscores UEFA's commitment to establishing the Women's Champions League as a competition with the same standards and integrity as its men's counterpart. Final and Future Outlook Kessler made her comments ahead of Saturday's Women's Champions League final in Oslo between Lyonnes and Barcelona, which she noted was expected to be a sellout "in the motherland of women's football." The strict enforcement of multi-club ownership rules is likely to remain a key focus as UEFA continues to develop and professionalize the women's game across Europe.