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The Energy Advantage In the race against China for AI supremacy, the United States dominates when it comes to access to the most cutting-edge semiconductors. But when it comes to powering the huge data centres that run on AI chips, China holds the clear advantage. That's because data centres, the sprawling computing facilities needed to train and run AI models, require vast amounts of energy. A typical data centre can consume as much electricity as 100,000 households, while next-generation “hyperscale” facilities can gobble up as much power as two million homes, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). China's Renewable Energy Boom China already generates more than twice as much electricity as the US, a lead that is expected to widen amid an aggressive state-led investment in the country’s energy grid. BloombergNEF, a research provider, estimates that China will add more than six times as much electricity generation capacity as the US over the next five years. Much of that extra capacity will be in the form of renewables such as solar and wind. In 2025 alone, China increased its wind and solar power capacity by more than 430 gigawatts, accounting for more than half of the additional capacity in the renewables added globally that year. The Impact on Data Centres A key element of China’s AI strategy involves integrating its data centres into its rapidly expanding renewables sector. Under the “East Data, West Computing” initiative, China’s government is concentrating the construction of new data centres in the country’s sparsely populated interior, where land and renewable energy sources are abundant compared with the heavily built-up eastern seaboard. Earlier this month, Beijing announced the start of operations at the country’s first “large-scale” renewable energy project to be linked directly to a data centre. Narrowing the Gap For now, the US still has the largest data centre footprint by a wide margin. According to Stanford University’s AI Index, the US had an estimated 5,427 data centres in 2025, compared with 449 in China. But as China constructs data centres at a blistering pace – its number of data centre racks grew 30 percent annually from 2016 to 2023, according to the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology – the gap between the superpowers is rapidly narrowing. The Future Outlook “In the long run, the country that can provide cheap, stable, low-carbon electricity will have a major advantage in AI infrastructure,” Qiyang Xiong, a PhD candidate at Renmin University of China who specialises in AI and energy policy, told Al Jazeera. “China is a global leader in solar, wind and ultra-high-voltage transmission,” Xiong said. “This gives it an advantage in supplying western data centre clusters with large volumes of relatively cheap, clean electricity.”

The Hidden Cost of the AI Infrastructure BoomAs artificial intelligence accelerates, tech giants are scrambling to secure the electricity required to power their expanding fleets of data centers. This race for energy has led a surprising number of companies to pivot toward natural gas power plants. However, a recent report from BloombergNEF reveals that this fossil fuel reliance is creating a new bottleneck: the cost to build these facilities has skyrocketed by 66% in just two years. The Construction Crisis in Fossil Fuel GenerationThe surge in demand is forcing a fundamental shift in how tech companies approach energy infrastructure. While Microsoft and Meta have historically relied on wind, solar, and grid connections, the sheer scale of AI workloads has pushed them toward "bring your own power" solutions. This strategy involves building dedicated natural gas plants to ensure reliability, but the execution is proving difficult. Supply Chain Bottlenecks and Price Inflation Cost Spike: The price to build a new combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant has risen from less than $1,500 per kilowatt in 2023 to $2,157 last year. Time Delays: Construction timelines have lengthened by 23%, extending the period before these facilities can come online. Equipment Shortage: Gas turbines, which make up 30% of a plant's cost, are seeing prices up 195% over 2019 levels. Backlog: Manufacturing capacity is limited, with waitlists stretching into the early 2030s. The "Bring Your Own Power" DilemmaThe Trump administration's push for data centers to "bring your own power" has accelerated this trend. However, utilities are passing these high construction costs to customers, leading to a growing public backlash against the proliferation of massive data centers. With demand expected to jump from 40 gigawatts today to 106 gigawatts by 2035, the infrastructure strain is becoming a significant political and economic issue. The Renewable PivotNot all tech giants are doubling down on gas. Google is exploring an alternative path by pairing renewables with long-duration energy storage, such as iron-air batteries capable of discharging power over 100 hours. As gas plant costs soar, this renewable-heavy approach may become the more sustainable and cost-effective strategy for the future.

The ongoing conflict in Iran has caused significant turmoil in the global oil markets, with Brent crude oil prices climbing 51% since the start of March, according to LSEG data. This surge has put Brent crude on track for its biggest monthly gain on record, surpassing the previous record of 46% set in September 1990 during the first Gulf War.On Friday, Brent crude closed at $112.57 a barrel, up from $72.48 a barrel on February 27, the day before the US-Israeli war on Iran began. The price of Brent crude traded as high as $119.50 a barrel during March, its highest level since June 2022, after Iran largely closed the Strait of Hormuz, a critical passage for a fifth of global oil and gas.Despite a coordinated release of 400m barrels of oil from emergency reserves announced on March 11, oil prices continued to climb throughout the month. Analysts at BloombergNEF estimate that 9m barrels of oil per day have been knocked off global oil supply due to the Middle East conflict.The conflict has also had a ripple effect on other assets, with gold prices falling by almost 15% since the start of March, on track for its worst month since 2008. The spot price of gold has been under pressure from the sale of about $3bn of bullion by the Turkish Central Bank last week, which cut its reserves by almost 50 tonnes to 772 tonnes to fund efforts to stabilize the Turkish lira.The Dow Jones industrial average has also been impacted, entering a correction at the end of last week, more than 10% below its record high. Stocks fell despite US President Donald Trump's latest extension on planned strikes against Iran's energy infrastructure, as investors anticipated prolonged disruption to oil from the Gulf.“Markets appear to be placing less weight on White House jawboning and focusing more on the underlying supply risks,” said Fawad Razaqzada, an analyst at City Index. Britain's stock market also had a poor month, with the FTSE 100 index falling more than 8% – on track for its worst month since March 2020, when Covid-19 rocked financial markets.