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The LeadTemperatures across the UK and Europe have shattered May heat records, with 30°C recorded in spring—a pattern that climate experts warn is becoming the new normal. In a recent podcast discussion, environment editor Fiona Harvey explores how the UK is unprepared for these extreme heat events that are increasingly occurring outside traditional summer months.The Podcast DiscussionIn their conversation, Fiona Harvey and Nosheen Iqbal analyze a report from the Climate Change Committee that warns the UK is unprepared for extreme heat—the new normal. The podcast format allows for a deeper exploration of the issues, with experts sharing insights on why we're experiencing unprecedented temperatures in spring months.Current Preparedness GapsThe UK infrastructure and housing were primarily designed for cooler temperatures, leaving the population vulnerable during heatwaves. Many buildings lack proper insulation, ventilation, and cooling systems, making them susceptible to overheating. This vulnerability is particularly concerning for vulnerable populations including the elderly, children, and those with pre-existing health conditions.Adaptation SolutionsThe podcast explores a range of possible solutions to help keep the country cool, from tree-planting to heat pumps and scaling up renewables. These solutions represent different approaches to addressing the heat crisis, from immediate cooling measures to long-term climate mitigation strategies.Future OutlookWithout significant intervention, the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events are expected to increase, placing greater strain on public health services, energy grids, and infrastructure. The coming years will likely see increased investment in climate adaptation measures, with a particular focus on making buildings more resilient to high temperatures. The transition to a more climate-resilient society will require coordinated efforts across government, industry, and communities.

The Shift in Eid TraditionsTraditionally, Eid al-Fitr in Lebanon is a vibrant celebration featuring family gatherings, elaborate feasts, and visits to mosques. However, the current geopolitical climate has forced a drastic pivot. Instead of traditional prayers in open spaces, many worshippers are gathering in underground shelters or makeshift prayer rooms to avoid aerial threats. The customary visits to relatives have been replaced by a focus on immediate family units, often confined to a single room due to the destruction of homes.The Human Cost of CelebrationThe economic and physical toll of the war has stripped the holiday of its festive elements. The traditional "Eid breakfast" or "Eid lunch" has been reduced to rationed meals, with many unable to afford the usual abundance. Furthermore, the displacement of millions has meant that Eid is no longer a time of return to one's roots, but a moment of uncertainty regarding where one will sleep that night. The joy of the holiday is overshadowed by the collective trauma of the population.Resilience Amidst AdversityDespite the grim circumstances, the Lebanese people continue to observe the religious significance of Eid. The spirit of the holiday has shifted from hedonism to solidarity. Communities are finding ways to maintain a sense of normalcy, often through digital connections or small, private acts of charity. The war has not erased the holiday, but it has forced a maturation of the cultural experience, prioritizing spiritual connection over material celebration.

The Lead Anthropic has released Opus 4.8, the newest version of its most advanced publicly available model, with a new 'dynamic workflow' tool. The model is available everywhere at standard pricing. The Event Details Opus 4.8 comes just 41 days after Opus 4.7 was released, a much faster upgrade cycle than normal for Anthropic. The new model features best-in-class benchmark results and improved handling of bad or uncertain data. Anthropic's early testers found that Opus 4.8 is "more likely to flag uncertainties about its work and less likely to make unsupported claims." The Data Analysis Opus 4.8 is available at standard pricing. The model comes with a new 'dynamic workflow' tool, available in research preview. Anthropic's most advanced Mythos model is still in development, with a tentative preview last month. The Impact Analysis The fast turnaround for Opus 4.8 may be in response to the chilly reception of Opus 4.7 and increasing pressure from competitors like OpenAI's Codex and Google's Gemini Flash model. The new model's ability to handle uncertain data and flag issues with inputs and outputs could give it an edge in the market. The Prediction Anthropic hinted that the Mythos preview period might soon end, once necessary safeguards are complete. The company expects to bring Mythos-class models to all its customers in the coming weeks. With Opus 4.8 and the dynamic workflow tool, Anthropic is positioning itself to compete with other major players in the AI market.

The LeadUnited States President Donald Trump has threatened longtime ally Oman with military force if it gets involved in the dispute over shipping access to the Strait of Hormuz, as Washington's war on Iran once again risks engulfing the Middle East. Trump's threat to "blow up" Oman came as Muscat reportedly held talks with Iran about overseeing passage through the strategic waterway that handles more than 20 percent of the world's global oil traffic.Trump's Unprecedented Threat Against a Key Ally"Nobody is going to control it," Trump said of the strait during a cabinet meeting in Washington. "It's international waters, and Oman will behave just like everybody else, or we will have to blow them up." This direct threat against a country with which Washington has had relations for more than 200 years has sent shockwaves across the region and drawn international criticism.While Hormuz is an international strait, most of it is located solely in Iranian and Omani territorial waters – not international waters – with parts of its outlying areas reaching United Arab Emirates (UAE) territorial waters. This geographical reality complicates Trump's assertion that the waterway is purely international.The Strategic Importance of the Strait of HormuzAs the only route for Gulf oil producers to ship exports to the open ocean, the strait has served as a free international maritime route for decades. Following the US-Israeli joint attacks on Iran on February 28, however, Tehran closed the waterway and began to assert sovereignty over it, including charging tolls of as much as $2m per ship at times.Under international maritime law, countries are not permitted to charge tolls to shipping passing through natural straits such as Hormuz, even where they are not in international waters. Countries can, however, provide services to shippers, such as insurance, maintenance and docking assistance.Regional Implications of Trump's ThreatShortly before Trump's comment, Iran's state television reported that Iran and the United States were close to agreeing on a memorandum of understanding (MOU) under which Tehran and Muscat would jointly control the strait. The proposal designates payments for passing vessels, framed as "fees for services" rather than "tolls."While the Trump administration has called the claims of such an MoU "a complete fabrication," analysts say his threat suggests that an understanding between Iran and Oman is precisely what the US president is trying to avoid."What Washington wants to prevent is the normalisation of Iranian control over Hormuz, dressed in administrative and legal clothing and given Arab cover by a US ally," Muhanad Seloom, non-resident senior fellow at the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, told Al Jazeera.International Reaction and Legal ConcernsCritics called the threat reckless. Raed Jarrar, the advocacy director at the US-based rights group DAWN, likened the US president's comments to those of a "mafia boss.""The UN Charter prohibits the threat of force against any state, and that prohibition binds the United States exactly as it binds everyone else," Jarrar told Al Jazeera. "Threatening to 'blow up' an Arab country because its waters happen to sit along an oil route Washington wants reopened is the same lawless logic that produced this war in February."Samir Puri, a visiting lecturer in war studies at King's College in London, said Trump's threat to Oman was "really surprising" and warned that it would "send shockwaves across the region."Oman's Diplomatic Role in the US-Iran ConflictOman has played a unique role in the region as a mediator between the US and Iran. Omani Foreign Minister Badr Albusaidi was a key mediator in US-Iran nuclear talks before the war on Iran began. Just before the US-Israeli joint attack on Tehran in February, Albusaidi had been meeting US officials, including Vice President JD Vance, to facilitate negotiations about the future of Tehran's nuclear programme.Unlike other US allies in the Gulf, such as Qatar, Bahrain and the UAE, Oman does not host US forces. It was nevertheless dragged into the conflict when Iran launched attacks on US military assets and energy infrastructure across the Gulf region in the early days of the war.Future Outlook for the RegionSeloom, from the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, said Oman is "one Gulf state that is simultaneously a US security partner and Iran's most trusted Arab interlocutor.""In peacetime, that ambiguity is an asset. In wartime, it becomes a liability, which is precisely the inversion now playing out," he told Al Jazeera.The analyst argued that joint Iran-Oman control over Hormuz was "more posture than probability." "Oman's real interest is not co-owning Iran's blockade; it is brokering the strait's reopening," he said.Still, according to Seloom, the prospect of Iran and Oman jointly shaping the future of the Strait of Hormuz alarms the US president for three reasons: "It would turn Iran's grip on the chokepoint into a permanent post-war fact rather than a temporary act of war; it would set a precedent that littoral states can metre and monetise an international waterway, eroding the freedom-of-navigation principle the United States underwrites worldwide; and it would hand Tehran a strategic win that outlasts any ceasefire."

The LeadAs temperatures soar to unprecedented levels in May, a concerning pattern emerges among swallow populations across the UK. Young chicks, unable to withstand the extreme heat, are prematurely abandoning their nests, resulting in high mortality rates and threatening the survival of this year's broods.The Event DetailsUnder the scorching tin roofs where swallow nests are typically built, temperatures have become unbearable for the young chicks. With no sweat glands to regulate body temperature, the chicks are forced to the edge of their nests, eventually making the fatal decision to leap—often before they've developed the ability to fly. The author describes finding chicks huddled on the ground, vulnerable to predators and environmental hazards, while parent birds continue to bring insects that provide both nutrition and moisture in a desperate attempt to sustain their young.The Data AnalysisThis phenomenon occurs during a record-breaking week of May heat in the UK, with temperatures reaching unprecedented levels for this time of year. The heatwave represents a significant deviation from the normal climate patterns that migratory birds like swallows have evolved to rely on. These birds typically leave South Africa for the UK's plentiful insect supply and temperate spring and summer, only to encounter conditions far exceeding their evolutionary adaptations.The Impact AnalysisThe premature nest abandonment represents a broader environmental crisis as extreme weather events disrupt natural ecosystems. The heatwave is dehydrating animals, drying up soil and ponds, disrupting food chains, stressing trees, and scorching plants. For migratory species like swallows, these changes create a mismatch between their biological rhythms and environmental conditions, potentially leading to population declines and ecosystem imbalances. The situation highlights how climate change is affecting wildlife at the most vulnerable life stages.The PredictionAs climate patterns continue to shift, such extreme weather events may become more frequent, posing increasing challenges for wildlife populations. Conservation efforts may need to adapt to provide additional support for vulnerable species during extreme weather conditions. For swallows and other migratory birds, the changing climate could alter migration patterns, breeding seasons, and survival rates, potentially leading to long-term ecological consequences if adaptation doesn't occur quickly enough.

Bosnia's Unexpected World Cup JourneyBosnia and Herzegovina's qualification for the 2026 World Cup comes as a surprise to many observers. A team that had managed only four wins in their previous 19 matches across two qualification cycles reached a turning point when Sergej Barbarez took over in 2024. The campaign that followed was chaotic, emotional and occasionally irrational, which still feels like the most authentic description of Bosnian football itself. Barbarez's side somehow found a way through it all, eliminating Wales and Italy in dramatic playoffs and reaching the World Cup for only the second time in the country's history.The Barbarez RevolutionThe former captain had waited years for the job, so long that he had not coached anywhere in the meantime. He played professional poker and enjoyed retirement before the Bosnian FA finally got in touch. He gathered close friends and former teammates around him: Emir Spahic became sporting director, while Sasa Papac and Zlatan Bajramovic joined the coaching staff. In Barbarez's first year, 16 players made their debuts, most of them raised and developed abroad, from Sweden and Germany to Austria and the United States. That became the foundation of this new Bosnia side.Group B Fixtures12 June v Canada, Toronto (3pm local, 8pm BST)18 June v Switzerland, Los Angeles (noon local, 8pm BST)24 June v Qatar, Seattle (noon local, 8pm BST)The Coach's PhilosophyBosnia do not play especially beautiful football under the coach and systems change regularly – usually between 4-2-3-1 and 4-4-2 – but formations quickly become secondary once matches turn emotional, and with Bosnia they usually do. The team's identity is built around aggressive defending, direct football and quick transitions. Barbarez may have gone winless in his first eight matches and come under heavy criticism, but he insisted that he first needed to rebuild the squad's mentality.The Poker Coach Who Became a National HeroSergej Barbarez spent years criticising the way Bosnian football was run and had almost stopped expecting the call from Sarajevo altogether, having first expressed an interest in the role in 2009. Fifteen years later he took charge of the national team – with no previous coaching experience – for the first team against England at the age of 52. A former captain and cult figure, Barbarez arrived promising honesty, emotional connection and a complete reset after years of dysfunction around the national team. After playoff victories over Wales and Italy, his status only grew further; the win against Italy transformed him from poker-playing outsider into one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most important ever sporting figures.The Veteran Leader: Edin DzekoThere are normal footballers and then there is Edin Dzeko. Even at 40, everything still somehow revolves around Edin. Bosnia and Herzegovina's captain remains the country's greatest footballer, their all-time leading goalscorer and the reference point of an entire generation. Younger players in the squad speak about him with a reverence bordering on disbelief. Dzeko no longer dominates matches physically the way he once did at Wolfsburg or Manchester City, but his understanding of space, timing and pressure moments remains elite. During the playoffs he again delivered when Bosnia needed him most. "As long as I feel I can help, I'll be here," he said recently. Bosnia would not be at this World Cup without him.The Rising Star: Kerim AlajbegovicKerim Alajbegovic, at 18, may already be the most naturally gifted attacking talent Bosnia and Herzegovina have produced since Miralem Pjanic. The midfielder, who spent a season with Red Bull Salzburg before Bayer Leverkusen triggered a buyout clause, is arriving at the tournament with the fearless attitude some players have at that age. It is not only his technique that stands out, but his personality too. Barbarez trusted the 18-year-old to take penalties in both playoff shootouts – and Alajbegovic responded with complete calmness. Elegant between the lines and fearless in possession, he feels like the face of Bosnia's next generation.The Unsung Hero: Tarik MuharemovicBosnia and Herzegovina spent years producing centre-backs who defended first and worried about the football later. However, Tarik Muharemovic feels like the first one shaped by an entirely different mindset. Born in Slovenia and developed in Austria before moving through Italian football with Juventus and Sassuolo, the left-footed defender has quietly become one of the players Barbarez trusts most. He is not especially loud, aggressive or dramatic, which, for a defender, normally makes people in Balkan football suspicious. Instead Muharemovic solves problems calmly, carries the ball forward and gives Bosnia something they lacked for years – composure.Tournament OutlookBosnia are unlikely to dominate many matches in Group B – against Canada, Switzerland and Qatar – but they have enough quality, emotional energy and unpredictability to become one of the tournament's more uncomfortable teams. With a blend of experienced leadership in Dzeko and emerging talent in Alajbegovic, Barbarez has created a squad that embodies the chaotic yet passionate spirit of Bosnian football.

The prosecution: MelanieI want to live a healthier life too, but removing all plastics is unrealistic and unaffordableMy girlfriend, Amy, has become increasingly concerned about microplastics and environmental toxins, and it is starting to feel a little too much. It all began after she watched online content about how plastics affect fertility, and has escalated into a broader effort to remove anything she considers “toxic” from our home.We have thrown out hundreds of pounds’ worth of cleaning products and replaced toothbrushes and dental floss. I came home from work to find all our plastic food containers had been binned, and now she wants to discuss replacing furniture, like swapping our white plastic dining table for an oak one.In principle, I understand it will be better for us. I share her desire to live a healthier lifestyle, especially as we are trying for a baby using a donor and I will be the one carrying the pregnancy. However, the pace and the intensity of the change feels a bit unmanageable.If I pick up a plastic bottle of water, Amy will snatch it from my hands and say it’s poisonousWe can’t realistically eliminate all plastics and find alternatives overnight. Unfortunately, the world is full of plastic and so is our home: we have polyester cushions, plastic shoes and appliances that I’m not prepared to chuck out. Attempting a total removal feels financially and emotionally unsustainable. Buying a new dining table won’t be easy on our wallets.We are both self‑employed and saving for a baby, so we need to be frugal. Plastic‑free products are often deemed as specialist and it’s hard to get cheap alternatives. When I found Amy had splurged on all these organic cleaning products I was shocked, because they cost about £200.At the moment, it feels as if any “normal” behaviour is deemed to be unsafe by her. If I pick up a plastic bottle of water, Amy will snatch it from my hands and say it’s poisonous.I support her decision to live with fewer toxins, but her level of vigilance is harming our wellbeing. I want us to make healthier choices, but to do so gradually and realistically, rather than through sweeping changes that leave us feeling anxious and restricted.The defence: AmyI’m conscious of what we’re exposed to as we’re trying for a baby and I want the best for themPlastics and chemicals are everywhere. I’m not pretending we can eliminate them all, but I’d like to make some changes. I don’t think the only rational response when presented with all the information about toxins and plastics is to shrug and accept it without question.It’s not that hard to make some changes. Mel says: “Microplastics are everywhere, so where does it end?” But she should be saying: “What can we do to start?”Small changes help improve our health. I watched a documentary and it really scared me: I learned that just brushing my teeth with my normal toothbrush was releasing hundreds of thousands of microplastics into my mouth every day. These are linked to illness and altered brain functionality.Mel hasn’t heard all of the facts. If she watched the same documentary, she would feel the sameI didn’t start looking into endocrine disruptors and microplastics because I wanted to overhaul our home overnight. It was because we’re trying for a baby and that makes me more conscious of what we’re exposed to. If we have a child, I want them to have the best start in life and be as healthy as possible.Sometimes Mel acts as if I’m trying to dismantle our entire life, but I’m just trying to make things better. Switching cleaning products and replacing plastic food storage with glass will benefit us for years. When I threw our cleaning products away, it was because I had done the research and knew how much better nontoxic ones would be for us. That wasn’t a gradual adjustment, but I don’t regret it.I feel overwhelmed sometimes, but being told to “calm down” or “take it slow” doesn’t help. I don’t want to make our lives miserable. I want us to make informed choices together.Not drinking from plastic bottles is an easy change we can make, as is using better cleaning products. Mel and I need to work together on this, and active participation is important to me. If my decisions seem rash, it’s only because Mel hasn’t heard all of the facts. If she watched the same documentary she would feel the same. I don’t want to scare her, but making our home safer for our unborn child is a priority.The jury of Guardian readersGetting rid of plastic won’t make Amy and Melanie’s home healthier if they replace it with pressure and resentment. Amy’s pursuit is noble, but her cold‑turkey approach risks alienating Melanie from the cause.Estelle, 27They both want to live with fewer toxins, but Amy shouldn’t decide the pace at which they do this without agreement from Melanie. Amy throwing out all plastic containers and cleaning products without any discussion contradicts her claim that she wants “to make informed choices together”.Val, 68Life’s too short to make it hard for yourself. Carrying containers everywhere and only going to specialist retailers? No one’s got time for that when there’s work and chores to be done. Changing your life after one documentary is extreme, and Amy should consider the benefits of plastic.Ivan, 29We can’t live perfect lives, but that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try to make better choices. I think they plan together what can change now and what can wait, Melanie might feel part of it instead of feeling it is something being done to her.Michael, 39Amy is valiant in trying to live a healthier lifestyle, but not making it a joint decision with Melanie seems to be detrimental to their relationship, and they need to be working together when they have a child. I wonder if Amy’s obsession might be masking a deeper issue.Jon, 50Now you be the judgeIn our online poll, tell us: should Amy bin her hatred of plastics?The poll closes on Wednesday 3 June at 9am BSTLast week’s resultsWe asked, should Martin stop telling his wife how to mop the floor?98% of you said yes – Martin is guilty2% of you said no – Martin is innocent

The Papal Warning on AI's Ethical Crisis Pope Leo XIV has denounced the "culture of power" driving the rapid rise of artificial intelligence while warning that the technology must be subject to the "most rigorous" ethical constraints as it infiltrates everything from work to war. In his first major encyclical of his papacy, titled Magnifica Humanitas (Magnificent Humanity), the Pope presented the document himself during an event at the Vatican, marking a significant papal intervention in the global AI debate. The Encyclical's Core Ethical Framework The encyclical represents one of the highest forms of teaching from a pope to the Catholic church's 1.4 billion members, outlining his priorities while highlighting what he considers society's major issues. Pope Leo, who has previously identified AI as the biggest threat to humanity today, called for the "disarming" of AI, stating that some autonomous weapons systems are "practically beyond any human reach" to control. "Disarming AI means freeing it from the mentality of 'armed' competition," the Pope wrote. "To disarm does not mean rejecting technology, but preventing it from dominating humanity," adding that the technology should be "human-friendly", accessible to all and opened to discussion and debate. AI's Role in Modern Warfare In a significant warning about military applications, Leo referred to "a troubling revival of war as an instrument of international politics" and said AI was helping to facilitate the "normalization of war." He emphasized that "the development and use of AI in warfare must be subject to the most rigorous ethical constraints, to guarantee respect for human dignity and the sanctity of life and to avoid a race to develop such arms." The Concentration of Digital Power In a passage that appeared to be targeted at Silicon Valley, the Pope warned that power over digital systems, infrastructure and data "does not rest with states but with major economic and technological actors." He cautioned that when such power is concentrated "in the hands of the few" it tends to "become opaque and evade public oversight, increasing the risk of distorted forms of development that give rise to new dependencies, exclusions, manipulations and inequalities." The Vatican's Engagement with Tech Industry The Vatican has been seriously engaged on questions surrounding AI for several years, including having regular dialogues with Microsoft, Google and other big technology firms. Christopher Olah, a co-founder of Anthropic who attended the Vatican event, supported the need for greater oversight, stating that "the development of AI cannot be left solely to technology companies, urging greater oversight from religious leaders, governments and civil society." Olah warned there was "a real possibility" that AI would displace human labor "at very large scale," adding that "if that happens, supporting those displaced will be a moral imperative of historic proportions." Historical Reflections and Digital Slavery In a notable historical reflection, Pope Leo apologized for the Catholic church's long delay in condemning slavery, describing it as "a wound in Christian memory." He also spoke of the "new forms of slavery" due to the digital economy, particularly noting his family history includes both enslaved people and enslavers. "It is impossible not to feel deep sorrow when contemplating the immense suffering and humiliation endured by so many in stark contrast to their immeasurable dignity as persons infinitely loved by the Lord," the Pope wrote. "For this, in the name of the church, I sincerely ask for pardon." The Future of AI Regulation and Oversight The Pope emphasized that the Catholic church wanted to work with AI developers to discuss proper use of the technology. According to Christopher White, a senior fellow at Georgetown University's Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life, "Leo has done in this document is put the full weight of his office behind the Catholic church's efforts to be in dialogue with big tech." White noted that the Pope "is clearly approaching AI from a position of humility and making it clear that the church doesn't have all of the answers when it comes to what sort of policies are necessary for AI regulation. But he is being clear-eyed that AI development can't simply be the wild west like some of its advocates would like to see."

The Lead: Unprecedented Spring Heatwave Claims LivesEurope is experiencing record-breaking spring heatwaves that have shattered temperature records and caused multiple deaths, with scientists describing the temperature extremes as "mind-bogglingly crazy." The UK has recorded its hottest May temperatures since records began, with temperatures reaching 35.1C in west London, while France activated its national heat warning system for the first time in May since 2004, reporting seven heat-related deaths. These early-season heatwaves are particularly hazardous as people's bodies haven't had time to acclimatize to the extreme temperatures.The Event Details: Record-Breaking Temperature ExtremesThe recent heatwave has seen temperatures across Europe reach unprecedented levels for this time of year. In the UK, temperatures shattered the historical May temperature record by a full 2C, with London's Kew Gardens recording a peak of 34.8C on Monday, followed by a "tropical night" at Kenley airfield where lows did not drop below 21.3C. The record was beaten again on Tuesday with a high of 35.1C in west London. The Met Office described these temperatures as "exceptional in the UK even in mid-summer, let alone in May."In France, temperatures surpassed 37.1C in the south-west, prompting the activation of the national warning system for the first time in May since its introduction in 2004. Météo-France noted that while abnormally hot periods have occurred in May in previous years, "nothing comparable to this one" has been recorded. Spain is bracing for temperatures as high as 40C this week.The Data Analysis: Human Cost of Rising TemperaturesThe human cost of these extreme heat events is staggering. Data compiled by climate and health experts shows that in 2024, summer heat in the EU claimed roughly three times more lives than car crashes, 16 times more than murders, and more than 10,000 times more than terrorist attacks. Garyfallos Konstantinoudis, an environmental epidemiologist at Imperial College London, estimates that an extra 250 heat-related deaths occurred in England and Wales between Saturday and Monday during the recent heatwave."Early-season heatwaves are especially hazardous because our bodies have not had time to acclimatise," Konstantinoudis explained. "For vulnerable groups without access to cooling – particularly elderly people, the very young and those with underlying health conditions – these temperatures are quite simply dangerous and potentially fatal."The Impact Analysis: Climate Crisis Accelerates Extreme WeatherThe specific trigger for the record temperatures is an area of high pressure trapping heat, but this comes on top of a global rise in average temperatures, which has increased the likelihood of extreme weather events. Peter Thorne, a climate scientist at Maynooth University in Ireland, stated: "We know beyond a shadow of a doubt that the climate crisis had made heatwaves such as the latest one stronger and more likely."The agricultural sector is already feeling the impacts, with farmers across Europe sounding the alarm. A regional lobby group in the Netherlands has warned of stress from prolonged heat and drought, while the young farmers association in Aragón, Spain, has warned of a possible "catastrophe" for cereal crops due to extreme heat and lack of rain.Simon Stiell, UN Climate Change Executive Secretary, emphasized: "This latest heatwave in Europe is a brutal reminder of the spiraling impacts of the climate crisis, both human and economic. The main culprit is the world's addiction to burning coal, oil and gas, and destroying forests."The Prediction: A Summer of Extremes AheadScientists have warned that El Niño, a warming weather pattern projected to return in a particularly potent form this year, could lead to even hotter temperatures in 2026. Current projections foresee it reaching moderate strength in the summer and peaking toward the end of the year."What matters much more than hype around an upcoming El Niño is that we have permanently shifted the climate," Thorne explained, comparing it to "walking into a casino and rolling a seven on a six-sided dice." He added: "I expect numerous notable extremes in Europe this summer because that is our new reality – but exactly what, where, when and with what impacts is not predictable."The UN's Stiell concluded: "Many other parts of the world are also getting hit hard, such as India and other parts of Asia. The science is clear that human-induced climate change is making these heatwaves more frequent and extreme."