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Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that could lead to the development of new obesity drugs. By studying the unique metabolic abilities of pythons, researchers have identified a molecule that appears to play a crucial role in regulating appetite and weight loss. The molecule, called pTOS, was found to increase significantly in the blood of pythons after they eat, and when administered to obese mice, it led to a significant reduction in food intake and a 9% loss of body weight over 28 days. The discovery could lead to the development of new obesity drugs that work in a different way to existing medications, such as GLP-1 medications like Wegovy. Unlike these medications, which can have side effects such as nausea and stomach pain, pTOS appears to act on the brain's appetite centers, reducing food intake without these adverse effects. The researchers, led by Dr. Jonathan Long from Stanford University and Prof. Leslie Leinwand from the University of Colorado Boulder, published their findings in the journal Nature Metabolism. They believe that pTOS, which is naturally produced by the snake's gut bacteria and also found in human urine, could be a safe and effective treatment for obesity. While further research is needed before the findings can be applied clinically, the discovery is seen as a promising step towards the development of new obesity treatments. The study's results suggest that pTOS could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

A staggering 4.9 million children died in 2024, with the majority of these deaths being preventable, according to a new UN report. The report warns that aid cuts could hinder the global goal of ending preventable child deaths. Progress towards ending preventable deaths of children under five by 2030 has slowed by 60% since 2015. UN experts are calling for sustained investment in health systems to reach this target. “No child should die from diseases that we know how to prevent,” said Unicef executive director Catherine Russell. “But we see worrying signs that progress in child survival is slowing – and at a time where we’re seeing further global budget cuts.” The report highlights that Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have persistently had the worst rates of child death, largely due to newborn deaths. The most common causes of death were premature birth, pneumonia, and trauma during birth. Infectious diseases, including malaria, were also a major cause. 100,000 children died directly from severe acute malnutrition – with the highest numbers in Pakistan, Somalia, and Sudan. Aid cuts are threatening to close lifesaving facilities, humanitarian workers warn. “We are not moving far enough or fast enough and leaving 5 million [children] under the age of five vulnerable,” said Abdurahman Sharif, senior humanitarian affairs director at Save the Children. Aid cuts have affected 6,600 health facilities, with a third forced to close. Experts warn that without sustained investment, progress in reducing child deaths will slow further, and gains could begin to reverse.

The announcement of BTS's comeback album has transported me back to a bygone era, one marked by all-consuming passion and a dash of secrecy. As a teenager, I was deeply invested in K-pop, particularly BTS, but I often found myself hiding this obsession from peers due to fear of ridicule. In those days, it was uncommon for groups of girls to openly discuss or watch new music videos from popular K-pop bands like BTS or One Direction. We'd often gather in private settings, like late-night Skype calls or in the back of a classroom, to share and enjoy our favorite content. This clandestine nature of fandom was partly due to the stigma attached to being a 'fan girl.' The author recalls feeling self-conscious about their enthusiasm and downplaying it to avoid being labeled as 'crazy' or 'obsessed.' This behavior was not unique; many teenage girls have similar experiences, often softening their passions to fit in or avoid criticism. The question remains: why is it that displaying genuine emotion is frequently misconstrued as unhealthy dependence? Looking back, the author feels a sense of protection and softness towards their younger self, who found solace, connection, and belonging through BTS's music and universe. During a particularly challenging time, when the author moved to Melbourne alone at 17, BTS's extensive content provided comfort and something to look forward to. This period of intense fandom ultimately helped the author make meaningful connections and discover creative outlets like writing. The experience was pivotal in their personal development, offering a safe space to express themselves and explore their creativity through fan art, fan fiction, and more. With the release of BTS's new album, Arirang, and a world tour on the horizon, the author is eager to revisit their teenage self, embracing the excitement and joy that comes with being a fan. This nostalgia-tinged comeback is not just about the music; it's about reconnecting with a part of themselves that they had set aside.