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Yemen's civilians are bracing for the worst as the country's Houthi rebels have entered the war against Iran, sparking fears of a new chapter of suffering in a nation already grappling with a critical humanitarian situation. The involvement of the Houthis, who control the capital city of Sanaa, has raised concerns among locals about potential Israeli retaliation, which could trigger displacement, fuel shortages, and inflation. Yasser, a 45-year-old ice cream shop owner in Sanaa, expressed his worries about the impact on his business and family. “The moment Israel begins its military response to the Houthis, we will lose the little comfort we have today. Fear, price hikes, and fuel shortages will suffocate us. The end of the conflict is unpredictable,” he said. The Houthis' decision to enter the war has been met with a mix of fear and support from civilians. While some, like Ammar Ahmed, a 28-year-old taxi driver, are worried about the safety of their families and the potential for Israeli attacks on residential areas, others, like Mohammed Ali, a 26-year-old university graduate, have expressed their support for the Houthi leadership and their faith in their ability to withstand the conflict. Economists warn that Yemen's already crippled economy would decline further if the country becomes a new front in the widening conflict in the region. Wafiq Saleh, a Yemeni economic researcher, noted that the escalation will drive up prices for essential imports, including food, fuel, and medicine, as shipping and insurance costs rise. The humanitarian situation in Yemen is already dire, with United Nations reports indicating that the escalating conflict in the wider region risks exacerbating the country's economic situation and disrupting vital humanitarian and commercial supply chains.

The Israeli war on Gaza has resulted in a catastrophic economic collapse, leaving 70 percent of Gaza's residents under 30 without work or opportunities. The unemployment rate in the Gaza Strip has soared to 80 percent, with the local gross domestic product (GDP) plummeting by 87 percent over the past two years.Mahmoud Shamiya, a university graduate, exemplifies the struggles of Gaza's youth. He had dreams of becoming a teacher but now spends his days surviving in a tent, fetching water, and scavenging for firewood. The destruction of Gaza's educational infrastructure has effectively paused the lives of students trapped inside the besieged enclave.The systematic destruction of universities and schools has erased 22 years of development in Gaza, leaving the territory's youth cut off from the outside world and denied the ability to study, work, or secure their basic survival. Economists warn that the situation is a generational catastrophe.Mona Al-Mashharawi, who was scheduled to travel to Algeria for her university studies, is now trapped in Gaza. She laments, 'Two years of my life have been lost, and I am now entering the third. These years are automatically vanishing from our lives.'The private sector, once Gaza's main economic engine, has been shattered, with 90 percent of all sectors, including housing and infrastructure, wiped out. The total economic losses are estimated to be $70 billion.The blockade has drained the territory of essential goods and raw materials, with 80 percent of the population relying entirely on international humanitarian assistance to stay alive. However, aid entering the territory falls drastically short of the daily target of 2,000 tonnes.

For Konstantin, a 53‑year‑old resident of St Petersburg, the war in Ukraine has become a literal scent in the air. Over the past fortnight he has repeatedly detected the acrid odor of burning crude, fuel and chemicals drifting from Ukrainian drone strikes on Russia’s two largest Baltic oil terminals. The facilities at Ust‑Luga and Primorsk together handle about 40% of Moscow’s seaborne oil exports and roughly 2% of global oil supply, according to the International Energy Agency. Both ports lie within 150 km of St Petersburg, making the smoke visible – and smelt – to locals. Ukrainian drones have flown more than 1,000 km from the front lines to strike storage tanks and loading infrastructure, igniting fires that have burned for days. The smell, described by Konstantin as a mix of diesel exhaust, burning plastic and rotten eggs, first appeared in late March. These attacks are a key element of Kyiv’s strategy to erode Russia’s “unexpected windfall” from oil exports, a revenue stream that has surged as the US‑Israel campaign against Iran pushed global oil prices higher. Satellite imagery shows extensive damage at both terminals, with Ust‑Luga’s sprawling processing complex blackened by fire. As a result, both ports are currently unable to dispatch cargo, forcing traders to reroute oil to smaller Baltic and Black Sea ports that lack the capacity to absorb the displaced volume. Financial analysts estimate that the disruption has already cost Moscow roughly $1 billion in lost export earnings, according to Bloomberg data released on March 31. Moreover, every $10 rise in global oil prices translates into about $1.6 billion of additional monthly income for the Kremlin. Russian officials have blamed European nations for allegedly facilitating the drone overflights, but Ukrainian experts dispute this claim. Andrey Pronin, a pioneer of Ukraine’s drone warfare, emphasized that the strikes are meticulously planned to stay within Russian airspace, bypassing air‑defence systems. Since the campaign began, Ukrainian forces have targeted 13 oil sites, seriously damaging at least eight refineries from the Baltic coast to the Volga region. The attacks are timed to coincide with the heightened profitability Russia enjoys from the Iran‑related oil price surge, according to researcher Nikolay Mitrokhin of Bremen University. Beyond the immediate economic impact, Kyiv views the strikes as leverage in negotiations with Moscow. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has floated the idea of a temporary moratorium on attacks against Ukrainian energy infrastructure in exchange for concessions, though the strategy also inadvertently benefits Iran by sustaining higher oil prices. On the tactical side, Ukraine now relies heavily on FP‑1 drones produced by the domestic Firepoint company. These unmanned aircraft can carry up to 120 kg of explosives and travel roughly 1,500 km, enabling strikes deep inside Russian territory. For civilians living near the conflict zones, the nightly “fireworks” of explosions have become a grim routine. Abdulla, a Tatar resident of Crimea, described the constant shelling as a new normal, while analysts note that President Vladimir Putin remains resolute, using the ongoing talks with the White House as a diplomatic façade. Overall, the Ukrainian drone campaign illustrates how modern warfare increasingly intertwines kinetic attacks with strategic economic disruption, reshaping the dynamics of the Russia‑Ukraine war and its broader geopolitical reverberations.

Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery, identifying a distinct 'neural fingerprint' produced by psychedelic drugs in the human brain when users experience their mind-altering effects.This breakthrough finding emerged from a comprehensive study that combined 11 brain imaging datasets from around the world, involving over 500 brain scans from 267 people in five countries. The research focused on five psychedelic substances: LSD, psilocybin, DMT, mescaline, and ayahuasca.The study revealed that these substances have a shared impact on the brain's behavior, dissolving the usual hierarchy of brain systems and flattening the hierarchy, which may underlie the raw access to one's own consciousness that some people describe during psychedelic experiences.Dr. Danilo Bzdok, a senior author on the study from McGill University in Montreal, Canada, explained that all five drugs change brain function in common ways, despite some differences in how they alter brain activity. The most striking effect was stronger communication between brain networks that engage in higher-level thinking and more primitive networks linked to vision and sensation.The research, published in Nature Medicine, provides a solid foundation for psychedelic research, which is crucial if these drugs are to become widespread therapies for mental health conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder.Dr. Emmanuel Stamatakis, a senior co-author on the study from the University of Cambridge, emphasized the importance of large-scale, coordinated evidence in the field of psychedelic research, which is moving quickly and needs to mature responsibly.

President Donald Trump’s recent proclamation that Iran must reopen the Strait of Hormuz or face a combined "Power Plant Day" and "Bridge Day" has thrust senior U.S. officers into a stark ethical quandary: obey a presidential directive that could breach international law, or risk court‑martial for insubordination. In a post on his Truth Social platform, Trump warned that failure to comply would result in an unprecedented strike on Iran’s civilian energy infrastructure, a move that legal scholars agree would amount to a war crime against 93 million civilians. Two former judge‑advocate general officers, Margaret Donovan and Rachel VanLandingham, emphasized that such rhetoric, if acted upon, would place service members on a “path of no return,” directly contradicting the extensive legal training that defines permissible orders. Historical precedent underscores the gravity of the situation. During the Vietnam War, officers who participated in the My Lai massacre were ultimately held accountable, with the court rejecting the “just following orders” defence as the orders were deemed “palpably illegal.” Professor Charli Carpenter of the University of Massachusetts Amherst notes that while many troops can identify manifestly unlawful commands in surveys, translating that awareness into real‑time refusal is far more challenging, especially when the military culture heavily emphasizes obedience to the chain of command. Since assuming office, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has reshaped the Pentagon’s legal advisory structure, dismissing senior JAG officials and dismantling the Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response unit created under the previous administration. Consequently, service members now rely on a “GI rights hotline,” whose usage has reportedly surged under the current leadership. Beyond conventional strikes, Trump’s escalating rhetoric has raised alarms about the potential use of nuclear force. Under U.S. protocol, the president alone can initiate a nuclear launch, with the “nuclear football” – a briefcase containing strike options and authentication codes – handed to a close aide. The only safeguard is for senior commanders to deem such an order illegal, a step that experts fear may never occur. Former Joint Chiefs Chairman Gen. Mark Milley, during the previous administration, reportedly instructed senior officers to stay involved in any nuclear decision due to concerns about Trump’s volatility. Nuclear weapons scholar Jeffrey Lewis now warns that confidence in any contemporary intervention is essentially nonexistent, citing Trump’s pattern of purging dissenting military personnel. As the deadline looms, the United States faces a precarious balance between upholding international humanitarian law and navigating a command structure that may be unwilling or unable to challenge the commander‑in‑chief’s most extreme directives.

Conservationists and scientists have warned that the Minerals Council of Australia’s proposal to employ artificial intelligence for faster national environmental approvals could generate “Robodebt‑style” failures, further endangering already vulnerable species.The council has asked the federal government to allocate $13 million for a pilot that would use AI to help companies draft assessment applications and assist regulators in decision‑making.The Biodiversity Council – a consortium of independent experts from eleven universities – told Guardian Australia that while AI may assist with routine tasks, automating whole environmental assessments could lead to opaque, flawed decisions that push threatened species closer to extinction.“Robodebt” refers to the automated welfare‑debt recovery scheme that, between 2015 and 2019, wrongly accused hundreds of thousands of Australians of overpayments, highlighting the danger of opaque algorithmic judgments.Lis Ashby, the Biodiversity Council’s lead on policy and innovation, noted that the cornerstone of Australia’s environmental protection, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act, is riddled with vague language and broad ministerial discretion, which hampers rule‑based decision‑making and would be even more problematic for an AI tool.She added that establishing clear rules in the National Environmental Standards, including explicit definitions of unacceptable outcomes, would accelerate assessment times even without AI and is essential for any future automation.Brendan Sydes, national biodiversity policy adviser at the Australian Conservation Foundation, expressed scepticism, stating that “technology can be a good servant but a poor master.” He urged the government to focus on closing existing data gaps on threatened species and habitats rather than relying on AI.Prof. David Lindenmayer, a forest ecologist at the Australian National University and Biodiversity Council member, highlighted that one‑third of Australia’s threatened species have not been monitored and many others suffer from patchy data, gaps traditionally filled by expert consultation.He warned that AI decisions are only as reliable as the data they are fed, and most threatened species lack publicly available information, even basic location data, risking decisions based on outdated or incomplete evidence.The Albanese government recently passed reforms to the EPBC Act after a 2020 review found the legislation failing to protect species and habitats.Prof. Hugh Possingham, a leading conservation biologist at the University of Queensland, argued that AI models need robust training material, and the past two decades of EPBC approvals are “clearly unsuitable” because the Act has demonstrably failed to safeguard the environment. He suggested that hiring more human assessors would be a more effective way to speed up evaluations.Tania Constable, chief executive of the Minerals Council, dismissed the Robodebt comparison as “disappointing,” insisting the proposal is innovative and could strengthen environmental protection while improving efficiency. She said the AI tools would support human decision‑making for both regulators and project proponents, helping navigate the complexity of EPBC assessments.A federal government spokesperson said budget decisions on the AI trial will be made “in due course,” but the environment department is exploring how AI could simplify application processes. The statement emphasized that “decisions about whether to approve projects must, and will, always be made by assessment officers, not by AI.”Nonetheless, officials acknowledged that AI tools have the potential to save time, reduce uncertainty, and translate technical language for stakeholders.

Renowned artist and stage designer Es Devlin is pioneering a unique approach to addressing AI ethics through her latest project, which combines ceramics and collaboration. At the AI and Earth conference organized by Devlin, a diverse group of artists, AI researchers, spiritual leaders, academics, and tech experts gathered at Oxford Kilns to discuss AI and create pottery.The conference, held in preparation for the opening ceremony of the Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities at Oxford University, aimed to foster dialogue and understanding among individuals with varying perspectives on AI. Devlin's approach emphasizes the importance of human connection and hands-on engagement in the digital age.Participants, including Alan Turing and Isaac Asimov, discussed the implications of AI on society, while Ethan Mollick introduced his concept of centaurs or cyborgs, describing how humans use AI for specific tasks or close collaboration. The event also featured a performance by the University Chamber Choir and a choral piece by Nico Muhly, inspired by the works of 17th-century theologian and poet Thomas Traherne.Devlin's installation, 360 Vessels, will be showcased at the Schwarzman Centre's opening festival, featuring 360 pots created by participants and the public. The project serves as a platform for exploring the intersection of technology, art, and human values.As Devlin noted, 'I am aware that my art and my words and my every choice, my presence, is being used to train the algorithms that concentrate wealth among a small number of individuals, and, in spite of this – however confusing, however painful – I would like to try to stitch my digital shadow back on to my feet and dance with it myself, and invite others to dance with it too.'

Mayor Claudia Kalisch, vice‑president of the German Federation of Cities and leader of the Green‑party city of Lüneburg, announced a push for a nationwide ban on night‑time use of robotic lawnmowers. The proposal aims to curb injuries and deaths among hedgehogs and other small nocturnal animals that frequent residential gardens after dark.Recent research has highlighted that the fast‑moving blades of autonomous mowers pose a hidden danger to wildlife active between dusk and dawn. Hedgehogs, which often curl into a ball when threatened, are especially difficult for mower sensors to detect.Kalisch told the Funke newspaper group that urban green spaces have become critical refuges as development and intensive agriculture shrink natural habitats. She noted that petitions urging the ban have amassed tens of thousands of signatures earlier this year, reflecting broad public concern.In addition to legislative pressure, the mayor called on manufacturers to develop hedgehog‑friendly technology. She emphasized that industry responsibility is essential for protecting biodiversity and improving city life quality.The European red‑list classifies hedgehogs as "near threatened" since 2024, after a documented 30% population decline over the past decade. Beyond mower hazards, motorised leaf blowers, vacuums, and vehicle collisions—responsible for up to one in three fatalities—exacerbate the species’ decline across Europe.Scientists at the University of Oxford, in collaboration with Danish colleagues, recently demonstrated that hedgehogs can hear high‑frequency ultrasound, opening the possibility of sonic road repellers to deter them from dangerous areas. The same team has produced 3D‑printed, crash‑test dummy hedgehogs to work with manufacturers on a future certification scheme for "hedgehog‑safe" mowers.Study co‑author Anne Berger of Germany’s Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research warned that injuries from robotic mowers place an "enormous burden" on animal‑care centres, with many victims discovered days or weeks after the incident, enduring prolonged suffering.German law already protects hedgehogs, imposing fines of up to €65,000 for illegal trapping, injury, or killing. Several cities—including Cologne, Leipzig and Munich—have already outlawed night‑time mower operation. However, a recent attempt by the Greens to enact a statewide ban in Bavaria was rejected.

Israeli air and ground attacks on Lebanon on Sunday claimed at least 14 lives, including four civilians in Beirut’s southern suburbs and ten people in the south, among them a family of six. The strikes also left 39 wounded in the Jnah neighbourhood, just 100 metres from the Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Lebanon’s largest public medical centre. The violence follows a broader Israeli campaign launched on 2 March after Hezbollah fired rockets in response to the U.S.–Israel war on Iran. Since then, Israel has combined aerial bombardments, drone strikes and a limited ground incursion into southern Lebanon. Hezbollah announced on Sunday that it had fired a cruise missile at an Israeli warship stationed 126 km off the Lebanese coast, a claim that the Israeli military has not confirmed. In a separate statement, the Israeli defence forces said they had begun targeting “Hezbollah infrastructure sites” in Beirut’s southern suburbs, though they provided no public evidence of the alleged targets. On Saturday, Israel warned it would strike the Masnaa border crossing – the main trade gateway between Lebanon and Syria. The Lebanese side evacuated the post, and the Syrian authority, represented by Mazen Aloush of the General Authority for Borders and Customs, stressed that the crossing is “exclusively for civilian use” and announced a temporary suspension of traffic. According to Lebanese officials, Israeli attacks since early March have resulted in over 1,400 deaths, including 126 children, and have displaced more than 1.2 million people. In the southern town of Kfar Hatta, an Israeli strike killed seven individuals, among them a four‑year‑old girl and a Lebanese soldier, prompting a forced evacuation order for the area. Lebanese President Joseph Aoun used a televised address to urge renewed negotiations with Israel, pleading to spare the remaining homes in the south from the level of destruction witnessed in Gaza. These developments underscore the escalating humanitarian toll and the strategic pressure on Lebanon’s critical border infrastructure amid an already volatile regional conflict.