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The Energetic Cost of Pollen Collection Bees use as much energy collecting pollen through “floral buzzing” as they do taking off in flight, a study shows. Scientists have found the vibrations bumblebees use to shake pollen loose from flowers are among the most exhausting behaviours they perform, forcing bees to “carefully choose” which flowers are worth visiting. The Study's Findings The study, released by the Royal Society, is the first to directly measure the energy cost of floral sonication, or “buzz pollination” – where bees vibrate flowers to extract pollen. Natacha Rossi, a University of Sussex research fellow who led the study, said: “As nectar availability shifts due to climate change or habitat loss, the energetic demands of pollination could influence bee behaviour and, ultimately, where bees forage and which plants they pollinate. The Data Analysis Using lasers and respirometry equipment to monitor three colonies of buff-tailed bumblebees, researchers discovered that a single “buzzing event” required about the same amount of energy as a flight take-off. Because buzzing can last longer, the total drain on energy can be even greater. The metabolic rate of a floral buzzing bee is more than 30 times higher than its resting metabolism, according to the study, making the process among its most energetically demanding behaviours. The Impact Analysis The researchers warned that declining nectar supplies caused by climate crisis and habitat destruction could intensify the strain on pollinators. Prof Mario Vallejo-Marin, at Uppsala University, said: “We long suspected that buzz pollination was an energetically expensive affair. We can now put a number to it and begin making quantitative predictions of how it could affect the ecology and evolution of bees and buzzpollinated flowers.” The Prediction The study points out that the energetic drain on the bee does not stop when the pollination stops. According to the paper, after the bee vibrates the pollen loose, it must engage in a “grooming and pollen-packing phase”. This grooming takes even more energy. The bee then has to force a high-power take-off to carry its new, heavier load away, making the whole process a demanding two-phase sequence.

India's Pragmatic Diplomacy in a Fractured RegionIn a move underscoring its neighborhood-first foreign policy, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi hosted Myanmar’s military leader Min Aung Hlaing in New Delhi. The meeting highlights India's strategic decision to prioritize regional stability and border security over Western-led isolation of the junta, arguing that sustained dialogue is the most effective way to manage bilateral interests.The New Delhi Summit and Strategic PosturingThe visit marks Min Aung Hlaing’s first trip to India since assuming the presidency in April 2026, following a disputed election that cemented his power after the 2021 coup. Indian Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri emphasized that New Delhi’s policy is not an endorsement of Myanmar's internal politics, noting that history shows disengagement is counterproductive. However, the visit drew sharp criticism from pro-democracy factions. Zin Mar Aung, foreign minister of the shadow National Unity Government (NUG), urged India to weigh the implications of normalizing military rule.February 2021: Myanmar military overthrows the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi.April 2026: Min Aung Hlaing sworn in as president after a widely criticized election.May 2026: NUG sends a formal letter to India's External Affairs Minister expressing concern over the impending visit.June 2026: Min Aung Hlaing meets PM Modi in New Delhi to discuss bilateral and strategic ties.Quantifying the Bilateral TiesThe foundation of the India-Myanmar relationship is built on substantial geographic and economic realities. The two nations share a massive 1,643-kilometre (1,020-mile) border and a maritime boundary in the Bay of Bengal. Bilateral trade reached $1.95 billion in the 2025-2026 fiscal year. Furthermore, security cooperation has yielded tangible results, with the two nations collaborating to rescue more than 2,400 Indian nationals from cybercrime and human trafficking syndicates in Myanmar over the past 18 months.Geopolitical Ramifications of the EngagementBy engaging with the junta, India is making a calculated geopolitical bet. While Western nations have sought to isolate the regime, New Delhi recognizes that a destabilized Myanmar directly impacts Indian security, particularly regarding armed rebel groups operating near the border. The rise of resistance forces, such as the People’s Defence Force (PDF), which has captured swaths of the country, adds layers of complexity to regional security. India's engagement ensures it maintains a channel of influence to protect its strategic interests and manage the fallout of the ongoing multi-front civil war.Future Trajectory of Indo-Myanmar CooperationLooking ahead, the summit sets the stage for an acceleration in specific strategic sectors. Both nations have agreed to deepen collaboration in trade, energy, and critical minerals, alongside efforts to accelerate major connectivity projects. Expect enhanced intelligence sharing and joint efforts to dismantle cross-border scam networks. As Myanmar's internal conflict persists, India will likely continue its pragmatic approach: maintaining state-to-state engagement with the ruling junta to secure its borders and economic interests, while avoiding direct commentary on Myanmar's internal political arrangements.

The Lead US Secretary of State Marco Rubio broke from standard diplomatic protocol during a congressional hearing by acknowledging that "most of the world assesses" Israel possesses nuclear weapons, though he stopped short of confirming the official US position on this sensitive issue. Breaking the Nuclear Taboo The exchange occurred when Democratic Congressman Joaquin Castro pressed Rubio for clarity on whether Israel has nuclear weapons. Rubio initially declined to share Washington's official position but acknowledged global assessments that Israel does possess such capabilities. "Most of the world assesses that they do," Rubio told Castro at the hearing on Wednesday, suggesting instead that the issue should be discussed in private settings. The dialogue underscored a decades-long taboo in US politics against publicly discussing Israel's nuclear program, which Rubio himself acknowledged is a "feature" of US foreign policy. Geopolitical Implications The questioning took on particular significance as the United States is currently engaged in a joint war with Israel against Iran. Castro emphasized that understanding Israel's nuclear capabilities is crucial for oversight bodies making decisions about the conflict. "If they, in fact, possess nuclear weapons — and you're right, in open-source reporting, that has come across — we don't know what their red lines are for using those nuclear weapons," Castro stated. "I'm shocked that our government wouldn't make an effort to know, to understand and then to give our oversight body the information that we need." Rubio conceded the question was "fair" and offered to provide a more complete answer in a classified format, noting the need for "delicate balancing acts between different equities." Israel's Nuclear Status Israel, whose Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crime charges in Gaza, is widely believed to possess a nuclear arsenal despite never officially confirming this. The country is not a signatory to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). In November 2023, Israel's Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu suggested that dropping a nuclear bomb on Gaza was "an option." Several pro-Israel politicians in the US, including Congressman Randy Fine, have also made similar statements. Key Developments February 28: US President Trump joined Israel in attacking Iran with the stated objective of preventing Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons May 2026: Congressman Castro and 30 other lawmakers sent a letter to the US Department of State seeking clarification on Israel's nuclear program November 2023: Israeli Heritage Minister Amichai Eliyahu suggested nuclear weapons could be used against Gaza Policy of Silence The US policy of not commenting publicly on Israel's nuclear capabilities has come under increasing scrutiny from lawmakers. Castro's letter to the State Department argued that this official hinders the development of coherent nonproliferation policy for the Middle East. "We cannot develop coherent nonproliferation policy for the Middle East, including with respect to Iran's civil nuclear program and Saudi Arabia's civil nuclear ambitions, while maintaining a policy of official silence about the nuclear weapons capabilities of one party central to the ongoing conflict," the lawmakers wrote. Future Outlook As tensions in the Middle East continue to escalate, the question of Israel's nuclear capabilities may face increased public scrutiny. The current US administration's close alignment with Israel, combined with the ongoing conflict with Iran, suggests this long-standing diplomatic taboo may face further challenges in the coming months. Lawmakers like Castro appear determined to push for greater transparency, potentially forcing a reevaluation of the decades-old policy of silence regarding Israel's nuclear program.

The Lead: Unprecedented FIFA Complaint Campaign A quest to deliver the "biggest complaint Fifa has ever received" is being launched by campaigners just one week before the World Cup. With fans concerned over safety and ticket prices, and ongoing complaints against Fifa from human rights organizations and football competitions, this class action-style complaint calls for an investigation into President Gianni Infantino. The Campaign Details: Reboot FIFA Initiative The "Reboot Fifa" campaign starts on Thursday and is led by the advocacy group FairSquare, which has pushed Fifa over its governance since before the 2022 Qatar World Cup. Led by an advisory board of football activists and writers, including historian David Goldblatt and whistleblower Bonita Mersiades, the campaign is "encouraging people to add their name to … what we hope will be the largest single complaint Fifa will ever have received about the conduct of its senior officials." The Ethics Violation: Infantino's Political Neutrality Breach The complaint will be submitted to Fifa's ethics committee after the World Cup and will be an updated version of one sent at the end of last year. In it, FairSquare claims Infantino breached article 15 of the Fifa code of ethics, which requires staff to "remain politically neutral." This follows Infantino's decision to attend a Summit for Peace held by Donald Trump and the subsequent award of the Fifa peace prize to the US president. The Proposed Reforms: Overhauling FIFA's Structure Among the reforms proposed by FairSquare are: increased auditing of the billions of dollars Fifa shares with its member organizations; a separation between Fifa's commercial and regulatory/governance functions; and improved transparency and public accountability, including expanded engagement with the media. These changes aim to address what campaigners describe as systemic issues within football's governing body. The International Support: Backing from Norwegian Football Federation FairSquare's complaint has received backing from Lise Klaveness, president of the Norwegian football federation and a campaigner for Fifa reform. The NFF has written to Fifa's ethics committee in support of the complaint. Klaveness stated: "We have sent it, and it is ⁠causing some political reactions. But it is sent, and that is checked off. We will follow up, push forward, request meetings, and build momentum on this as soon as the World ⁠Cup is over." The FIFA Response: Defending the Peace Prize Decision Fifa has been approached for comment regarding the campaign. On launching the peace prize, Infantino said the award would "recognise the enormous efforts of those individuals who unite people, bringing hope for future generations." He later defended the decision to award the prize to Trump, telling Sky News: "Objectively, he deserves it. He was instrumental in ­resolving conflicts and saving thousands of lives." Infantino has further defended his personal relationship with Trump, stating: "I think it is absolutely crucial for the success of a World Cup to have a close relationship with the president."

The Return of Joy in Women's FootballIn an era where football has become increasingly serious and analytical, the World Sevens Football tournament offered a refreshing reminder of the sport's primary purpose: fun. For three sun-kissed afternoons by the Thames, this end-of-season seven-a-side women's football tournament provided the perfect antidote to the depressingly serious elements of the modern game, focusing on goals, laughter, and entertainment rather than VAR controversies or financial fair play regulations.The World Sevens Tournament: A Celebration of FootballThe third edition of World Sevens Football, featuring eight English teams, culminated in an 11-goal thriller final won by Chelsea. The tournament format allowed flair players such as Manchester United's Melvine Malard and Jess Park to thrive, showcasing their stepovers and lethal finishing. Chelsea's Aggie-Beever-Jones emerged as the top scorer with eight goals, demonstrating her clinical finishing ability against defenders. Teams also embraced the entertainment aspect with meticulously prepared walk-on routines, ranging from the hilarious to the bizarre. Everton's players pretended to give birth, Chelsea manager Sonia Bompastor was carried onto the pitch by her players, and Manchester United's head coach Marc Skinner made an entrance in a dressing gown. Even the referees participated in the festivities with their own walkout routine.Financial Impact and Fan EngagementThe tournament delivered significant financial benefits to women's football, with $500,000 (£372,000) awarded to the winners. This injection of capital is particularly valuable for a sport that often struggles for funding. Fan engagement was equally impressive, with a sold-out crowd of 3,000 attending Saturday's final. One clip on Dazn's Instagram featuring Beever-Jones's amusing walk-on garnered over 11 million views, demonstrating the tournament's ability to expand the reach of women's football beyond traditional audiences. Jennifer Mackesy, a co-founder of World Sevens Football, expressed her delight with the fan response: "The response from fans in London has blown us away."Challenging Conventions in Women's FootballThe tournament's entertainment-focused approach sparked debate within the women's football community. Some observers, perhaps mistaking the event for the World Cup final, expressed annoyance on social media about players not acting in a "serious" manner. One X user wrote: "Organisers of this have genuinely set them back years." Another commented: "Unfortunately, women's football won't ever be taken seriously." Even respected figures in the women's game were critical, with former Everton women's manager Andy Spence responding to a viral video of Everton's players acting out a mock funeral by writing: "What is going on? The Women's game has made such progress but these 'tournaments' and the narrative around them are threatening the integrity & hard work people have put in to make the Women's game be accepted by a wider audience. Please stop. Embarrassing."The Future of Entertainment in Women's FootballDespite the criticisms, the World Sevens Football tournament demonstrated several crucial benefits for women's football. It broadened teams' reach through social media exposure, brought much-needed investment into the sport, and attracted new fans. The tournament also provided light relief to players after a gruelling season, allowing them to express themselves in football's "purest form." While the event is not without its challenges—inequitable facilities for different teams and injuries to players like West Ham's Tuva Hansen and Manchester United's Phallon Tullis-Joyce—the engagement from broadcast partners Sky Sports and Dazn suggests this format has a bright future. As women's football continues to grow, events like the World Sevens may play an important role in diversifying the sport's appeal and finding new ways to engage audiences while maintaining the competitive spirit that makes football compelling.

The Lead France's special envoy for Lebanon, Jean-Yves Le Drian, is visiting Beirut to restore France's diplomatic role in the country, which has been flagging in recent years. Le Drian's visit comes at a critical time, with Lebanon facing an economic collapse, Israeli occupation, and a looming crisis in the UN peacekeeping force in southern Lebanon. France's Historical Ties to Lebanon France's ties to Lebanon date back centuries, rooted in cultural and political alliances with Lebanon's Christian communities. The French Mandate from 1920 to 1943 defined Lebanon's borders, introduced constitutional governance, and entrenched French cultural influence. Even after independence, Beirut remained a Francophone hub, earning the nickname 'Paris of the Middle East'. The Data Analysis France has provided significant aid to Lebanon, including a major aid package after the Beirut port explosion in 2020. Recently, the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs provided 17 million euros ($19.8m) 'to meet the needs of the displaced civilian population'. France is also involved in gas exploration in Lebanese waters through TotalEnergies and sees the Port of Beirut as part of a broader French logistical network through shipping giant CMA CGM. The Impact Analysis France's interest in Lebanon is strategic, allowing it to maintain influence across the Arab Mashreq and eastern Mediterranean. However, its role remains contentious, with some factions aligned with Hezbollah and Iran viewing Paris's involvement with suspicion. The expanding US role in Lebanon has become increasingly visible, with Washington no longer merely mediating negotiations between Lebanon and Israel. The Prediction France will seek to maintain influence in Lebanon through humanitarian assistance, the UNIFIL peacekeeping mission, and support for the Lebanese army. Analysts say one of France's most important remaining sources of leverage in Lebanon is the UNIFIL peacekeeping mission. French officials are exploring options for a multinational force that could succeed UNIFIL, allowing Paris to retain a security role in Lebanon.

The Art Capital's Annual CelebrationWith hundreds of world-class galleries, thousands of stunning exhibitions, and countless talented artists, London has a serious claim to being the art capital of the world. Despite challenges like sky-high rents making it difficult for artists to survive and galleries closing at an unprecedented rate, London Gallery Weekend enters its sixth year as a celebration of the city's vibrant art scene.A Weekend of Free Art ExperiencesLondon Gallery Weekend brings together the city's biggest, brightest, and best galleries for a weekend-long art party. The event features talks, walk-throughs, performances, poetry readings, and gigs across the weekend, with galleries staying open late. Best of all, admission to everything is free. While not quite at the level of Berlin Gallery Weekend, which is a genuine international event, London's celebration makes a persuasive statement about what the city's galleries have to offer.Global Art in Every CornerThe exhibitions span the city, featuring artists from every corner of the globe: South American photography, German conceptualism, African portraiture, American minimalism, British satire, and more. Works by giants of modern art share space with shows by little-known upstarts, all taking place in venues ranging from fancy galleries that look like spas to tiny experimental project spaces that feel like hip squats.Curated Routes for Art EnthusiastsFor those unsure what to see, the event offers routes conceived by cultural figures including producer Kelly Lee Owens and fashion designer Erdem Moralıoğlu. To help navigate the dozens of exhibitions, here are 10 must-see art delights that showcase the diversity and quality of London's contemporary art scene.Francis Picabia: Expanding HorizonsFrom early landscapes to later abstracts, this show takes viewers on a journey through the many twists and turns of this hugely important French modernist's wild career. It's basically a mini-Tate retrospective, but free. The gallery is also hosting a literary salon inspired by Picabia – as well as their Roni Horn show next door – on Friday evening.Location: Hauser & Wirth, MayfairDuration: Until 1 AugustAnne Imhof: CitizenStern heavy-metal conceptualist Anne Imhof returns to Sprüth Magers for more gothic explorations of the body. This show features frenetic scratchy paintings, a morose new film, and an installation made of crowd barriers. It's all about control, manipulation, death. It's not light or fun – but it is good.Location: Sprüth Magers, MayfairDuration: 5 June to 1 AugustDominic Watson: Vinegar and PissThis brilliantly weird English artist has filled a south London gallery with a massive galleon made from reclaimed children's playhouses. Step inside and you'll find papier-mâché sculptures of vomiting heads and disembodied limbs in an acerbic, silly, surreal takedown of the UK's descent into intolerance.Location: The Sunday Painter, VauxhallDuration: Until 11 JulySavannah Harris: Gloria'sThis neat, experimental gallery up in north-west London has been transformed into an upmarket cafe named Gloria's – all expensive lattes, cream-coloured walls, and red logos (sound familiar?). Harris is using the space as a chance to show work by outsider artists, alongside her own paintings, in a sharp dig at gentrification and the erosion of opportunities for artists and community social spaces.Location: Harlesden High StreetDuration: 5 June to 26 JulyKeith Piper: Provocative PerspectivesKeith Piper presents thought-provoking work that challenges conventional narratives and explores complex themes of identity and representation. As a significant figure in British contemporary art, Piper's exhibition offers critical insights into social and political issues through his distinctive visual language.Location: Various galleries across LondonDuration: Throughout Gallery Weekend

The Lead Iran fired missiles at Kuwait and Bahrain in the early hours of Wednesday, and the United States launched strikes on Iran's Qeshm Island, as tensions in the Gulf spiked amid an impasse in diplomatic efforts to end the war between Tehran and Washington that is now closing in on 100 days. What Happened in Kuwait and Bahrain? Kuwait's state news agency KUNA said Iranian missiles and drones had hit the country's international airport on Wednesday morning. It reported an unspecified number of injuries, damage to airport facilities and flight suspensions and diversions. US Central Command (CENTCOM) said two Iranian missiles shot at Kuwait fell short or broke apart in flight, while several ballistic missiles failed to reach their targets. The Data Analysis The escalation on Wednesday morning appears to have begun with the US hit on the Iranian oil tanker. Both sides appear to concur that Iran then attempted to strike other vessels in the Gulf. The US says it shot down the Iranian drones fired at ships and then hit Qeshm Island. Iran hit back by firing at Kuwait and Bahrain. The Impact Analysis The Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the US attacks on Qeshm Island as a violation of the ceasefire. It said Kuwait and Bahrain bore 'direct and clear responsibility' for the attacks, alleging their territory and facilities had been used to support US military operations against Iran. The Prediction Tehran is seeking access to billions of dollars in oil revenues, waivers on crude exports, a lifting of a US blockade on its ports and continued leverage over the strait, which handled a fifth of the world's oil and liquefied natural gas traffic before the war.

The Golden Knights Secure Game 1 VictoryTomas Hertl scored the decisive goal with 3:24 remaining in regulation to break a 4-4 deadlock and give the Vegas Golden Knights a 5-4 victory over the Carolina Hurricanes in the opener of the Stanley Cup Final on Tuesday in Raleigh, North Carolina.Key Performances in a High-Scoring AffairShea Theodore had a standout performance with a goal and two assists for the Golden Knights, while Brett Howden tallied once and added an assist. Ivan Barbashev and William Karlsson also scored for Vegas. Goaltender Carter Hart made 23 saves to secure the win.For the Hurricanes, Nikolaj Ehlers scored twice, including the third-fastest goal in Stanley Cup Final history at just 25 seconds into the game. Jordan Staal and Shayne Gostisbehere also scored, while Jalen Chatfield recorded two assists. Frederik Andersen stopped 18 shots in the loss.Historical Context of Game 1 WinsThe club that claims the opener of the Stanley Cup Final has gone on to win the championship 76.4% of the time. When the visiting team prevails in Game 1, that mark drops to 65.6%, giving the Golden Knights a statistical advantage as they head into Game 2.Series Outlook and Next StepsGame 2 of the best-of-seven series is scheduled for Thursday in Raleigh. The Hurricanes, who lost for only the second time in this year's playoffs, face pressure to even the series before it shifts to Las Vegas. The early goal by Ehlers gave Carolina an advantage, but the Golden Knights' resilience in mounting comebacks proved decisive in this opening contest.