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Sperm whales produce a series of rapid clicks, known as codas, that researchers have now shown contain vowel‑like elements and phonetic rules akin to those of human speech.Using advanced acoustic analysis and artificial‑intelligence tools, a team led by linguist Gašper Beguš at UC Berkeley found that variations in click length, pitch rise, and fall encode distinct “vowel” sounds, creating patterns comparable to languages such as Mandarin, Latin and Slovenian.The findings, published in the Proceedings B journal, describe the whale communication system as “highly complex” and one of the closest animal parallels to human phonology, indicating a case of independent evolution of language‑like structures.The research was conducted by Project CETI (Cetacean Translation Initiative), which has been recording sperm whales off Dominica. The project recently released video of a collaborative birth, underscoring the species’ rich social lives.According to Project CETI founder David Gruber, the whales’ “chit‑chat” occurs when individuals press their heads together near the surface, a behavior he likens to intimate, face‑to‑face conversation rather than distant shouting.By removing silent gaps between clicks, the team uncovered rhythmic patterns that function like human vowel modulation—altering vocal fold tension to shift an “A” into an “E.” This level of linguistic sophistication surpasses that observed in other vocal animals such as parrots and elephants.Behavioral ecologist Mauricio Cantor (not involved in the study) noted that the discovery reveals multiple interacting layers of structure in whale signals, a complexity previously unappreciated.Project CETI aims to identify at least 20 distinct vocal expressions—covering actions like diving, sleeping, and social bonding—within the next five years, moving toward a functional understanding of cetacean communication.Gruber remains optimistic, comparing current progress to a two‑year‑old child speaking a few words, and hopes that future research will bring the field to a five‑year‑old level of linguistic capability.

The ongoing conflict in Sudan has been marked by a catastrophic humanitarian crisis, with 14 million people forced to flee their homes and tens of thousands reported missing. As the conflict enters its fourth year, the UN's top official in Sudan, Denise Brown, has expressed her concern over the apparent lack of political urgency to end the war.Brown described the situation as 'bloody unacceptable,' stating that it seems the world focuses on other crises and fails to find solutions for Sudan. The conflict between the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese army has killed at least 150,000 people and left 33 million in need of assistance.New research by Islamic Relief reveals that almost half of Sudan's vital community kitchens have closed in the past six months, exacerbating hunger and the threat of famine. Other studies corroborate the food crisis, with millions surviving on a single meal a day. The conflict has also led to the deliberate targeting of Sudan's health infrastructure, with 37% of hospitals deemed 'non-functional' and over 200 documented attacks on health facilities.The war has set Sudan's economy back more than 30 years, according to a detailed assessment by the UN Development Programme and the Institute for Security Studies. If the conflict continues until 2030, an additional 34 million people could be pushed into deprivation. Investigators are attempting to track down tens of thousands of civilians reported missing or forcibly disappeared since the start of the war.Cases of missing persons recorded by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Sudan stand above 11,000 – an increase of more than 40% during the last year – with the true figure believed to be many times higher. The ICRC helped 62,000 families track down relatives who had gone missing last year.The issue of funding has become increasingly critical, with overall funding for Sudan's humanitarian plans now only 16% met this year. The UN agency for children, Unicef, noted that even the modest amounts forthcoming are becoming less impactful due to increasing transport costs.

Kevin Warsh, the former Federal Reserve governor chosen by Donald Trump to lead the central bank, has submitted financial disclosures indicating he holds assets worth well over $100m. This disclosure is a required step for his nomination to advance through the Senate.The document, filed with the US Office of Government Ethics, reveals that Warsh has significant investments, including two worth more than $50m each in the Juggernaut Fund LP and $10.2m in consulting fees from Stanley Druckenmiller's investment office. He has also pledged to divest certain assets if confirmed.Warsh's holdings include around two dozen investments in THSDFS LLC, some valued as high as $5m, as well as assets in artificial intelligence and crypto sectors. His spouse, Jane Lauder, whose family has interests in the Estée Lauder cosmetics company, also had holdings disclosed.The filing is a key step in Warsh's expected confirmation to succeed Jerome Powell as Fed chair, though the timing remains uncertain. A Senate banking committee hearing has yet to be scheduled, and Republican lawmakers have vowed to block his confirmation until a Department of Justice investigation into Powell is concluded.

The article features three brainteasers with their respective solutions. The first puzzle involves a Navy admiral choosing between sending one ship with a P per cent chance of success or two ships each with a P/2 per cent chance of success. The solution reveals that sending one ship is always the better option.The second puzzle introduces two oracles, Randie and Rando, who answer questions differently. Randie responds randomly, while Rando decides to tell the truth or lie. The solution explains how to distinguish between them by asking a specific question that yields the same answer from both a liar and a truthteller.The third puzzle involves a mathematical problem where Johnny calculates 5548-5489 = 59 by incorrectly canceling out digits. A similar calculation XXYZ - XYZW is analyzed, and the solution reveals that Z and W are 8 and 9, respectively.

Acclaimed director Ken Loach revisits his 2016 film I, Daniel Blake, a poignant portrayal of poverty and the struggles faced by those in need. The film, which sparked controversy upon its release, shed light on the cruel realities of a system that vilifies the vulnerable.Loach reveals that the film was born out of a time of 'mean-spiritedness,' where those who needed support were met with punishment. The story follows Daniel Blake, a character who desperately wants to work but is thwarted by a system designed to fail him.The film's screenwriter, Paul Laverty, conducted extensive research, including a visit to a Glasgow food bank, where he encountered a young man who had not eaten in two to three days. This harrowing experience inspired a pivotal scene in the film, where Katie, played by Hayley Squires, is forced to eat cold baked beans from a tin.Loach notes that at the time of the film's release, the notion of food banks as an institution was unimaginable. However, food banks are now a normalized part of society, with many people relying on them to survive. The film's portrayal of poverty and hunger was met with resistance from some, including Damian Green, who claimed it was a work of fiction. Loach counters that while the characters are fictional, the stories are rooted in truth.Hayley Squires, who played Katie, shares her experience working on the film. She was drawn to the project after meeting Loach and was impressed by his authenticity and warmth. The film's shooting process was unique, with Squires and her co-star Dave Johns working chronologically and improvising scenes.Squires also recounts her preparation for the food bank scene, which included visiting a real food bank and cutting back on food to better understand the experience of hunger. The scene was shot only once, with Loach and the cinematographer Robbie Ryan working to create a sense of empathy and realism.

When a Toronto reader confessed to always using "please" and "thank you" with Alexa, the Guardian invited its audience to share their thoughts on the etiquette of speaking to artificial assistants.One camp warns against treating AI as sentient beings, arguing that these systems merely mimic social cues and that confusing imitation with reality can erode our language’s power to challenge dehumanisation. As User30000 put it, we should avoid both de‑humanising language toward people and humanising language toward machines.Conversely, several contributors argue that politeness serves as a useful human default. Lauk notes that courteous phrasing may reinforce positive behavioural cues for AI that learn from user input, while also keeping the speaker grounded in genuine social norms.From an ecological standpoint, extra words translate into measurable energy and water waste. Superspartan highlights that each unnecessary token adds processing load to already energy‑intensive models, and that the cumulative effect of polite phrasing across millions of daily interactions could be substantial.Academic research supports the idea that courteous language can improve AI performance. A linked study finds that polite prompts often elicit more helpful replies, treating modern models as "statistical parrots" that mirror the tone they receive. Yet Sam Altman has publicly estimated that responding to thank‑you notes costs OpenAI tens of millions of dollars, underscoring a tangible financial dimension to the debate.Some readers take a lighter view, extending politeness to elevators, SUVs and even low‑battery iPads, while others, like Martin from Dorset, argue that the practice protects the human soul rather than the machine.There is growing concern that habitual rudeness toward AI may spill over into real‑world interactions. Poridgeoates observes that younger users, who spend more time with technology than with people, risk weakening empathy and emotional‑intelligence muscles if they treat conversational agents dismissively.Louise adds that the way we speak to objects can shape broader social behaviour, especially where power imbalances exist. While AI itself may not feel insulted, the act of being rude can reinforce undesirable character traits in the speaker.Overall, the discussion reveals a split between those who see politeness as a harmless habit that can improve AI responses, and those who view it as an unnecessary drain on resources and a potential threat to human civility.

Barney Ronay set out to test whether a disciplined betting strategy could turn a modest £10 stake into a sizeable profit. Over five days he managed to grow the amount to £120, a return that sounded impressive but left him emotionally flat. His experiment underscores a broader truth: sport betting is engineered to disturb and addict. The personal journey is set against a looming financial shock for English football. Nine Premier League clubs have warned they cannot replace the cash flow previously supplied by gambling sponsors, which will be barred from shirt‑front advertising next season under a voluntary industry agreement. One club executive summed up the anxiety: “Nearly everyone is losing money.” The shortfall is estimated at around £4 million for the affected clubs. These concerns arrive at a time when the gambling sector itself faces scrutiny. Recent data show that up to 1.4 million UK adults may have a gambling problem, a figure that has risen alongside the proliferation of mobile betting apps. The Guardian previously reported that the world‑champion club could incur losses of £335 million in a single season, illustrating the massive financial stakes involved. Ronay’s betting log reads like a sports‑fan’s diary. He began with a £10 wager on a Florida horse race, which paid out modestly. Subsequent bets on high‑profile matches – Manchester City versus Liverpool, Southampton beating Arsenal in the FA Cup – produced a rapid climb to £120. Yet each win felt hollow, prompting him to chase larger, riskier bets such as a four‑way accumulator on the Champions League semi‑finalists, a gamble that ultimately fell short. Beyond the numbers, the piece highlights how gambling permeates the football experience: logos dominate club kits, betting terminology infiltrates fan conversation, and promotional offers tempt even casual viewers. Ronay argues that this saturation turns a simple pastime into a “highly available, stimulating activity designed to hook” users, exploiting the brain’s natural reward pathways. In concluding, Ronay stresses two take‑aways. First, the industry’s promise of “extra money” for clubs is a façade – the money only comes out of fans’ pockets. Second, the impending £4 million sponsorship gap may actually serve as a catalyst for sensible self‑regulation, forcing clubs to reconsider reliance on gambling revenue.

Mom’s mantra – “don’t borrow trouble” – became the compass that steadied Feimster during the uncertain early years of her comedy career. She says the simple advice helped her shift focus from endless worry to actually performing. Growing up, Feimster was captivated by Carol Burnett’s slapstick brilliance, a love sparked by her grandmother’s nightly reruns. The legendary comedian’s on‑ and off‑screen silliness shaped Feimster’s own comedic sensibility. When she was cast as the beaver Nibbles in the upcoming Zootropolis 2, the process was anything but typical. “The script was top‑secret,” she recalls, noting that she entered the recording booth with only a brief scene description from director Jared Bush, never knowing how pivotal her character would become. Feimster also laughs about a nightmare charity gig in a Virginia biker bar, where the stage was literally a wooden crate, the lighting resembled a construction site, and a karaoke machine served as the sound system. “Nobody, including me, enjoyed the show,” she admits. Unlike many performers, she has no elaborate pre‑show rituals. She arrives minutes before the curtain rises, chats with the audience, and treats each performance like a regular day, much to the amusement of co‑host Tom Papa. The relentless travel schedule is a double‑edged sword. Feimster describes the constant touring as exhausting, with the added pressure of having to write fresh material after every special. “You finish one project and must start from scratch,” she says, highlighting the creative churn that fuels her growth. On set with Arnold Schwarzenegger for the film Fubar, Feimster found the experience inspiring. She notes that the legendary actor’s varied career – from bodybuilding champion to governor – made every day on set feel like a master class. Looking ahead, Feimster has wrapped two Netflix comedies: one starring Will Ferrell as a washed‑up pro golfer where she plays his caddie, and another ensemble with Kim Kardashian, Nikki Glaser and Brenda Song. She hints at a future shift toward a more serious, less self‑referential role. Meanwhile, her current stand‑up show “Takin’ Care of Biscuits” continues its North American and European leg, with a stop at London’s Hackney Empire on 3 June and the tour running through 9 August.

On a Wednesday night, Israel launched a massive air campaign against Lebanon that resulted in the deaths of over 300 civilians and struck more than 100 targets within ten minutes, including densely populated neighborhoods in central Beirut. The operation, described by Israeli officials as the largest strike against Hezbollah since the month‑long war with Iran began, has drawn sharp international condemnation. The Israeli government, led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, maintains that the attacks were narrowly aimed at Hezbollah operatives who allegedly relocated command posts to civilian districts such as the Dahieh suburb. Critics, however, argue that the scale and timing of the strikes suggest a broader political motive: to disrupt the US‑Iran ceasefire negotiated by former President Donald Trump, a deal many view as unfavorable to Netanyahu. Evidence fueling this theory includes the lack of any prior warning and the targeting of locations where high‑profile Hezbollah figures were present. Among the dead was Ali Yusuf Harshi, the nephew and personal adviser of Hezbollah secretary‑general Naim Qassem, leading some observers to speculate that the operation may have been a failed attempt to eliminate Qassem himself—mirroring Israel’s 2024 alleged assassination of former Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah. Hezbollah officials later claimed they had been “notified of a ceasefire” and were committed to it from the morning of the attack, yet by Thursday both sides were again exchanging heavy fire. Netanyahu’s public justification for the strike—citing the killing of an aide to Qassem—appeared thin, reinforcing the perception that the operation was designed to act as a “spoiler” to a ceasefire he had previously opposed. Analysts at the Soufan Center in New York warned that, even if Lebanon is technically outside the ceasefire framework, the sheer magnitude of Israel’s assault will be viewed as escalatory. They argue the strikes serve a dual purpose: to widen the rift between Iran and its proxies and to retaliate against what Israel perceives as being sidelined in the ceasefire negotiations. Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian condemned the attacks, stating they breach the ceasefire agreement and render ongoing talks meaningless. He warned of a possible Iranian response against Israel, underscoring the fragile nature of the diplomatic effort. Marion Messmer, director of the international security programme at Chatham House, highlighted a deeper strategic dilemma: the United States’ difficulty in managing its alliance with Israel amid the broader US‑Iran conflict. She noted that Israel’s insistence that its Lebanese operations are unrelated to the ceasefire reveals a “key vulnerability” in Washington’s ability to steer its regional partners, potentially trapping the US in a conflict it seeks to exit. Further complicating the picture, the Israeli Defense Forces reportedly assess that defeating Hezbollah remains unrealistic despite the intensified bombing campaign, suggesting that the current strategy may be more about political signaling than achieving decisive military objectives. In sum, the Israeli strike on Lebanon not only caused a tragic loss of civilian life but also raised serious questions about the durability of the US‑Iran ceasefire, the strategic calculations of Netanyahu’s government, and the broader stability of Middle‑East geopolitics.