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Jun 11, 2026
Nuclear Risks Rise as Global Powers Expand and Modernize Arsenals
A new report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) warns that the world's…
The Growing Nuclear Threat
The world's nine nuclear-armed states are upgrading and expanding their arsenals, accelerating an arms race that is creating 'new risks' amid rising global tensions, a new report has warned.
Modernization and Expansion of Nuclear Arsenals
Published on Monday, the study by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) said most of these countries deployed new nuclear-armed or nuclear-capable weapon systems last year.
It added that the powers' increasing reliance on nuclear weapons is reversing decades of demobilisation efforts, even as dangers of escalation and miscalculation are growing.
Global Nuclear Stockpile
According to the SIPRI report, the nine nuclear powers – China, France, India, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States – possessed 12,187 nuclear warheads as of January this year, with some 9,745 of these held in military stockpiles for potential use.
Russia and the US remain the overwhelming nuclear powers, together possessing an estimated 83 percent of warheads available for military use and nearly 86 percent of all nuclear weapons globally.
China's nuclear weapon arsenal – the world's third largest – rose from about 600 warheads to 620 year-on-year, expanding faster than that of any other country.
The Impact of Increasing Nuclear Reliance
'The evidence is growing that the nuclear weapon states are sidelining, and even walking away from, their disarmament commitments and are instead flexing their nuclear muscles,' said SIPRI researcher Hans Kristensen.
'Influential voices, including some world leaders, are advocating nuclear weapons as a guarantee against attack by a hostile state,' said SIPRI Director Karim Haggag.
'But making national defence and security strategies dependent – or more dependent – on nuclear weapons could significantly increase nuclear risks.'
The Future Outlook
The institute also said it expected the steady drop in the global nuclear stockpile that followed the end of the Cold War to be reversed in the coming years due to a slowdown in the dismantling of retired warheads by the leading powers and an acceleration in the deployment of new weapons.
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