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Al Jazeera explores the prospects of the newly declared ceasefire in Lebanon, probing whether it can sustain peace amid lingering hostilities. Key questions focus on the truce's durability, the role of regional actors, and the risk of renewed violence. The analysis underscores the fragile nature of the agreement and its significance for broader Middle‑East stability.

Sanaa, Yemen – At 7 a.m., 14‑year‑old Qasim wakes, grabs a one‑metre‑by‑half‑metre white sack and heads out to collect plastic bottles, hoping to fill it by 11:30 a.m. A full sack can bring in up to 1,500 Yemeni riyal (≈ $3), which the family uses for daily meals. When Qasim returns home, he can briefly be a child again, playing football with neighbours. By evening, his 12‑year‑old brother Asem takes over the bottle‑collecting, selling the haul at night to cover dinner costs. For the siblings, school is a luxury they cannot afford. "I was in fourth grade in 2024, but I stopped because I needed to help my family," Qasim told Al Jazeera, wiping his cheeks. "Sitting in a classroom would not feed me," he added. The conflict that began in 2014 between Iran‑backed Houthis and the Saudi‑backed government has devastated Yemen’s education system. UNICEF estimates that 3.2 million school‑aged children are out of school, with another 1.5 million displaced children at risk of permanent dropout. Even though a cease‑fire was declared in April 2022, the war’s economic fallout persists. During the fourth Riyadh International Humanitarian Forum, Yemen’s Minister of Planning Waed Badhib said the war has cost the national economy **over $250 billion** and pushed unemployment to **35 %**. Parents like Qasim’s father, 48‑year‑old daily‑wage worker Abdu, no longer see education as a viable path. "Seeing a hungry child hurts more than seeing a child drop out," he said, noting that many university graduates now work as construction guards or porters. Experts warn that this short‑term coping strategy harms long‑term prospects. Mahmoud al‑Bukari, a Taiz academic, explained that forcing children into work “creates further social and economic problems for both individuals and society.” Sociology professor Afrah al‑Humaiqani stressed that denying education violates children’s rights and breeds anxiety, undermining future economic development. Infrastructure damage compounds the crisis: more than 2,400 schools are destroyed, partially damaged, or repurposed (Save the Children). Remaining classrooms are overcrowded, and teachers—many unpaid for years—are demotivated, leading to a decline in teaching quality. Fatima Saleh, a teacher in Sanaa, described educators as the "engine" of learning. "When that engine falters, students lose interest and drop out," she said, noting that unpaid salaries force many teachers to quit or seek other work. Journalist Mohammed Abdu al‑Samei argues that the cease‑fire alone cannot revive education without addressing the underlying economic collapse. International aid has also dwindled, leaving a critical funding gap for programs that once kept children in school. For Qasim, returning to a classroom is no longer realistic. He now aims to acquire a trade—painting, carpentry, or welding—to earn a living, saying, "I will not return to the classroom, but I will learn a skill that helps my family."

President Donald Trump used his Truth Social platform on Wednesday to declare that the leaders of Israel and Lebanon will hold a conversation on Thursday, a breakthrough that would end a 34‑year hiatus in direct leader‑level dialogue. The announcement arrived a day after Israeli and Lebanese ambassadors conducted their first direct diplomatic talks in Washington, D.C. — a move aimed at easing the ongoing hostilities that have devastated Lebanon. Trump did not specify which officials would be involved, and both governments have yet to comment on the forthcoming discussion. Lebanon was drawn into the U.S.–Israel war on Iran on March 2 after Hezbollah, aligned with Tehran, fired rockets at Israel. Hezbollah claims the attacks were retaliation for Israel’s killing of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on February 28 and for repeated violations of a November 2024 cease‑fire. Since the escalation, Israeli forces have killed more than 2,000 Lebanese civilians and displaced roughly 1.2 million people. The Israeli military has also launched a ground invasion in southern Lebanon, seeking to create a so‑called “buffer zone.” Earlier on Wednesday, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced an expansion of the invasion eastward, stating that Israel is pursuing negotiations with the Lebanese government while simultaneously conducting a military campaign to disarm Hezbollah and achieve a “sustainable peace.” The Lebanese government, which is not a party to the conflict, has called for an immediate ceasefire and the withdrawal of Israeli troops. Al Jazeera reporter Zeina Khodr, reporting from Beirut, noted that the Lebanese authorities have not yet responded to Trump’s claim and described the president’s remarks as “controversial.” She suggested the United States is attempting to separate the Lebanon front from the broader Iran‑Israel confrontation, using the Washington talks as a “photo‑opportunity” to weaken Hezbollah’s influence. Despite diplomatic overtures, Israeli attacks on Lebanese civilians continue. On Wednesday, three consecutive strikes in the village of Mayfadoun killed four Lebanese paramedics and wounded six others. According to Lebanon’s Ministry of Public Health, Israeli forces have killed at least 91 Lebanese medical workers since March 2 and have targeted several medical facilities. Additional strikes have hit the vicinity of one of the last operational hospitals in southern Lebanon, in the town of Tebnine, prompting concerns that Israel aims to render the area uninhabitable. Fighting also persists around the strategic hilltop town of Bint Jbeil, where Israeli troops claim to have encircled the town while Hezbollah fighters continue to resist. Analysts warn that a full Israeli occupation of Lebanon would be required to completely disarm Hezbollah—a scenario that would be both costly and politically fraught. As Khodr concluded, “Israel can continue to kill and destroy, but that will not change the fact that Hezbollah is not going to give up its arms without a Lebanese government partnership.” The upcoming leader‑level talks will be closely watched for any indication of a ceasefire or a shift in the regional power balance.

Pakistani officials have expressed confidence that a significant diplomatic breakthrough could emerge from the latest round of U.S.–Iran negotiations, with Islamabad intensifying its role as mediator in a conflict that has already claimed thousands of lives. On Wednesday, a senior Pakistani delegation led by Army Chief Asim Munir landed in Tehran to deliver a message from Washington to Iranian leaders, according to Iran’s Press TV. The envoy was welcomed by Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, who thanked Pakistan for its "gracious hosting of dialogue" and indicated that groundwork is being laid for a second U.S.–Iran round of talks. Al Jazeera analyst Osama Bin Javaid noted that Pakistani officials anticipate a "major breakthrough on the nuclear front," with messages shuttling continuously between the two capitals. The core dispute centers on the length of any Iranian enrichment freeze—ranging from a proposed five‑year to a twenty‑year moratorium—and the disposition of Iran’s 440 kilograms of highly enriched uranium. Options under discussion include exporting the material, diluting it to natural uranium, or reducing enrichment to a maximum of 3 %. Pakistan’s diplomatic push follows a stalled U.S.–Iran session in Islamabad that ended without a cease‑fire agreement. Mediators are now concentrating on three pivotal issues: the nuclear programme, control of the strategic Strait of Hormuz—which Tehran has effectively closed, driving up global oil prices—and compensation for wartime damages. The conflict, ignited by the United States and Israel on 28 February, has resulted in more than 3,000 Iranian deaths and prompted retaliatory strikes against Gulf states. It has also reignited hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon, where over 2,000 casualties have been reported since early March. A cease‑fire declared on 8 April halted attacks in Iran and the Gulf, yet Israeli operations in southern Lebanon have persisted. Simultaneously, Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif embarked on a regional tour to Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Turkey, a move described by Bin Javaid as a "double‑pronged strategy" aimed at neutralising opposition to a potential deal. According to the White House, President Donald Trump signalled optimism on Tuesday, suggesting the war could conclude within "an amazing two days" and that it is "very close to over." Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt later described the Pakistan‑facilitated talks as "productive and ongoing," adding that further negotiations are likely to take place in Islamabad. Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed that message exchanges with the United States have continued via Pakistani channels, with spokesperson Esmaeil Baghaei stating that Tehran’s positions have been communicated. Nevertheless, tensions linger. A U.S. naval blockade of Iranian ports in the Strait of Hormuz remains active; U.S. Central Command reported turning back nine vessels as of Wednesday. Iran’s military denounced the blockade as a breach of the cease‑fire, and the Iranian joint command chief, Ali Abdollahi, warned of possible retaliation by disrupting trade routes through the Red Sea, the Gulf and the Sea of Oman if the blockade persists.

Israel has appointed Michael Lotem as its first ambassador to Somaliland, marking the latest milestone after the country officially recognized the self‑declared state in December 2025. Lotem, who previously served as Israel’s ambassador to Kenya, was announced by Israel’s public broadcaster on Wednesday. Somaliland’s president, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, hailed the appointment in a joint parliamentary session, declaring Israel a “reliable partner” and prompting applause from lawmakers. In stark contrast, Somalia’s foreign ministry condemned the decision, labeling it a “direct breach” of Somali sovereignty and unity. The condemnation echoed broader disapproval from the UN Security Council, the African Union, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the European Union, all of which have criticized Israel’s recognition of Somaliland. Since the December announcement, diplomatic activity has accelerated. Israeli foreign minister Gideon Saar visited Hargeisa in January, and Somaliland’s water ministry sent a delegation to Israel for training in water‑management techniques. President Abdullahi told Reuters in February that a trade agreement with Israel is expected soon. Israel has also granted diplomatic approval to Mohamed Hagi, a presidential adviser instrumental in securing recognition, designating him as Somaliland’s first ambassador to Israel. Somali officials warn that the deepening ties could destabilise the region. President of Somalia earlier this year called Israel’s outreach the “gravest attack” on Somali sovereignty and suggested Israel might seek to establish a military base to launch operations against Yemen. Geographically, Somaliland sits across the Gulf of Aden from Yemen, where the Iran‑backed Houthi movement controls the northwest and remains hostile to Israel. The Houthis have publicly stated that any Israeli presence in Somaliland would be a legitimate target. In March, Somaliland’s minister of the presidency, Khadar Hussein Abdi, told Bloomberg that the country aims for a “strategic relationship” with Israel that includes security cooperation. He did not rule out the possibility of an Israeli military base, noting that such a decision “will be analysed at some point.” Somalia’s state minister for foreign affairs, Ali Omar, reiterated to Al Jazeera that Somalia does not want its territory drawn into external confrontations that could further destabilise an already sensitive region. The appointment of an Israeli ambassador therefore not only solidifies bilateral ties but also introduces new strategic calculations for regional actors, potentially reshaping security dynamics in the Horn of Africa and the broader Red Sea corridor.

The United States is set to move **over 10,000 additional service members** into the Middle East before the end of April, according to officials speaking anonymously to The Washington Post. The reinforcement is intended to heighten pressure on Iran while the current cease‑fire, declared a week ago, remains in force until April 22. Approximately 6,000 troops will embark aboard the USS George H.W. Bush carrier and its escort vessels, which are transiting around Africa to join the existing carrier presence. An additional 4,200 personnel from the Boxer Amphibious Ready Group and the 11th Marine Expeditionary Unit are expected to arrive later in the month. These deployments bring the total number of U.S. forces engaged in the conflict since its start on February 28 to roughly 50,000 troops. With the arrival of the George H.W. Bush, the region will host three U.S. carriers: the newly arrived vessel, the USS Abraham Lincoln, and the USS Gerald Ford, all of which have already taken part in combat operations against Iran. Concurrently, U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) announced on social media that its naval blockade of Iranian maritime trade is "fully implemented" and that American forces have "completely halted economic trade" to and from Iran by sea. However, maritime‑tracking data released on Tuesday showed several ships departing Iranian ports and navigating the Strait of Hormuz, suggesting the blockade’s effectiveness may be limited. Amid the military buildup, diplomatic channels remain active. President Donald Trump told The New York Post that a new round of negotiations with Iran could be convened in Pakistan within two days, following a marathon session in Islamabad that ended without a breakthrough. The previous high‑stakes talks failed to secure a lasting peace agreement, and the cease‑fire is slated to expire on April 22. According to the Washington Post sources, the fresh troop influx is designed to give the U.S. administration leverage in ongoing talks while preserving the option for "additional strikes or ground operations" if negotiations falter. This dual strategy underscores Washington’s intent to maintain both diplomatic and kinetic pressure on Tehran as the regional conflict evolves.

Iranian Major General Ali Abdollahi stated that if the US continues its naval blockade in the Strait of Hormuz, it would be seen as a prelude to violating the ceasefire. The blockade has completely halted economic trade going into and out of Iran by sea. Abdollahi emphasized that Iran's armed forces will not allow any exports or imports to continue in the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Oman, and the Red Sea. The US military's actions have significant implications for Iran's economy and regional stability.The current ceasefire was declared a week ago, and US President Donald Trump hinted at a second round of face-to-face talks with Iran in Pakistan in the coming days. However, Iranian authorities have maintained a defiant approach, with parliament's deputy speaker, Ali Nikzad, stating that Iran will never give concessions to its enemy.Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman, Esmaeil Baghaei, emphasized that Iran has not and will not seek a nuclear weapon but insists on its right to pursue nuclear energy for civilian purposes under United Nations safeguards. The level and type of enrichment can be negotiated.Iranian authorities have continued to announce the enforcement of death sentences, as well as a large number of arrests and asset confiscations. The judiciary has said some of the executions were linked to nationwide protests in January, during which thousands of people were killed during an internet blackout.

On April 15, 2026, the Italian government declared that it is suspending its long‑standing defence agreement with Israel. The move marks a significant shift in the bilateral security framework that has existed for decades. While the official statement did not detail the reasons behind the decision, the suspension itself underscores a re‑evaluation of Italy's defence and foreign‑policy priorities in the region. Analysts note that such a step could have broader implications for European‑Middle Eastern cooperation, potentially affecting joint training, intelligence sharing, and procurement projects that were previously covered under the pact. Both nations are expected to engage in diplomatic dialogues to manage the transition and assess the future of their strategic partnership.

President Donald Trump declared that the war with Iran is "very close to over," even as Washington maintains a naval blockade of the strategic Strait of Hormuz. In Washington, D.C., Israeli and Lebanese ambassadors convened for uncommon direct talks, seeking a cease‑fire while Israel pressed for Hezbollah’s disarmament. Trump also hinted at a possible second round of negotiations with Tehran, suggesting talks could resume in Pakistan within days. The United States, however, is set to let a temporary sanctions waiver on stranded Iranian oil expire, tightening economic pressure on Tehran. The International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies delivered its first shipment of medical supplies and humanitarian aid into Iran since hostilities began, offering a modest lifeline to civilians. Inside Tehran, minor explosions caused limited damage and injuries, underscoring ongoing instability. Iran estimates its war‑related losses at $270 billion and plans to seek reparations. On the diplomatic front, the United Nations' IAEA chief Rafael Grossi noted that the duration of any uranium‑enrichment moratorium would be a political decision, reflecting the delicate balance of future negotiations. In the United States, the Senate is poised to vote as early as Wednesday on a Democratic initiative to restrict the president’s war powers, signaling growing congressional scrutiny of the conflict. Former defence official David Sedney warned that the Hormuz blockade is backfiring, increasing pressure on Washington as global trade routes are disrupted and domestic support wanes. Meanwhile, CENTCOM Commander Admiral Brad Cooper affirmed that the blockade of Iranian ports is fully operational and that U.S. forces retain maritime superiority in the region. President Trump publicly rebuked Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni for not joining U.S. actions against Iran, describing her stance as lacking courage. U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced that American forces will intercept Chinese tankers carrying Iranian oil through the Hormuz Strait, effectively cutting off Iran’s oil exports while allowing non‑Iranian cargo to pass. Israel has proposed a long‑term troop presence extending up to 8 km into southern Lebanon until Hezbollah is dismantled, and continues air strikes aimed at encircling the strategic town of Bint Jbeil. Former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Jeffrey Feltman highlighted a growing divergence between U.S. and Israeli priorities, noting Israel’s heightened concern over Iran’s ballistic‑missile program. In Lebanon, Israeli raids have resulted in multiple civilian casualties, with reports of villages being razed in a manner likened to Gaza. Hezbollah has rejected the ongoing Israel‑Lebanon talks, while public opinion remains split between hopes for peace and opposition to negotiations. The International Monetary Fund warned that any further escalation could push the global economy toward recession. It cut its 2026 growth forecast for the Middle East and North Africa to 1.1 % from 3.9 %, citing disruptions to Gulf oil and gas exports. On the markets, stock indices rose while oil prices slipped, reflecting renewed optimism for a diplomatic resolution and the reopening of the Hormuz Strait.