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Uncovering the Trauma of Mozambique's Civil War Lasting from 1977 to 1992, the Mozambique civil war left deep scars on the psyche of the whole nation. In his second feature, Inadelso Cossa attempts to grapple with the psychological wreckage of this harrowing period by combing through his own family history; returning to the village where he grew up, the film-maker conducts a series of interviews with his grandmother, whose testimony is rendered unreliable by her worsening dementia. The Blurred Lines Between Reality and Memory The film wavers between real and imagined truths, a liminal state echoed by the evocative cinematography. Nocturnal sequences, in which wooden sheds, grassy fields, and even Cossa’s grandmother, are wrapped in a cloak of darkness inspire a deceptive sense of calm. In the dead of night, though, the spectres of the past linger. Voices of the Past Cossa also speaks to other historical witnesses: Macuacua and Zalina, an older couple, spend much of their screen time bickering but these domestic moments are underlined with unease. A former soldier, Macuacua was once a participant in the violence against civilians but his life now, however, is marred by poverty. In a striking scene, Macuacua holds up a tree branch shaped like a rifle and reenacts a patrol route from his youth with astonishing matter-of-factness. A New Perspective on History For Cossa, history is distilled in these kinds of gestures, moving beyond linear time. Although the film is bookended by archival footage, the director prioritises non-traditional forms of documentation, such as monologues, songs, and reenactments. While this approach embodies the slipperiness of memory, it also renders the film difficult to follow on occasion. The Film's Impact But across these streams of oral history, what we find are not merely facts and figures, but feelings, in which pain and healing entwine. Where to Watch The Nights Still Smell of Gunpowder is on True Story from 1 May.

The Formation of The Primitives and 'Crash' The Primitives formed in the summer of 1984 with a singer called Keiron, who brought PJ Court in to write songs. When Keiron left, the band pinned up an advert in Coventry library and Tracy Tracy, who PJ had met before on a Youth Opportunity Programme, answered. Initially, they sounded more like the Birthday Party or the Gun Club, but PJ wrote three new songs – Through the Flowers, Across My Shoulder and Crash – to test a more pop direction. The Initial Reception and Live Performances 'Crash' was simple and noisy, with a basic guitar line that became the 'Na na na' hook. It was in their live set but dropped quickly as they thought they already had enough bubblegum, Ramones-style songs. A live review at the time stated: 'If their new single Crash is anything to go by, this band are finished.' The Resurgence of 'Crash' In 1987, their producer Paul Sampson suggested they revisit 'Crash' as bait to generate interest from record companies. The song was released again as 'Crash (The '95 Mix)' – about 40 seconds longer, with a repeated chorus and added layers of ukulele, steel guitar, organ, and percussion – and became a worldwide hit after being featured in 'Dumb and Dumber'. The Impact on The Primitives' Career The band appeared on Top of the Pops, The Roxy, and Saturday Live. PJ recalls a memorable performance on the ITV show No. 73, where his fuzz box wasn't plugged in, making his guitar sound like a banjo. The Legacy of 'Crash' PJ believes the song has stood the test of time because it's got all the ingredients: a great melody, catchy lyrics, and a perfectly timed pop song. The song has been covered by several artists, including Belle and Sebastian and Matt Willis, though some get the lyrics wrong.

The Lead Scientists are now probing the inner lives of long-extinct dinosaurs like T rex by studying the skulls of birds, their direct descendants. This approach may provide clues about the behavior and cognitive abilities of these prehistoric creatures. Exploring the Connection Between Birds and Dinosaurs T rex is often depicted as more brawn than brains, but researchers are hoping to explore whether there might be telltale hints of advanced capabilities in the skull, opening up the potential to probe the lived experience of dinosaurs like T rex. Prof Steve Brusatte, a palaeontologist at the University of Edinburgh, is working with an international team of researchers to explore such possibilities. The Science Behind the Study “We can’t put T rex through those tests,” said Prof Steve Brusatte. “But if there are some distinctive features of the brain that maybe tell you with 95% confidence that the animal with that kind of brain is capable of that kind of behaviour today, then we can at least make predictions about these fossils.” The Evolutionary Link Birds are direct descendants of theropod dinosaurs and share many characteristics with them. In fact, a six-day-old quail embryo has a pelvis that looks just like the hips of a theropod like T rex. By studying the brains and behavior of birds, scientists can make educated guesses about the cognitive abilities of their dinosaur ancestors. The Future of Dinosaur Research While the approach may be a long shot, it could provide a new window into the lives of long-extinct creatures. As Brusatte notes, “Birds are survivors. They are adaptable, they evolve quickly, they change quickly.” By studying birds and their connection to dinosaurs, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the evolution of life on Earth.

The Renegotiated Deal On Monday, Microsoft and OpenAI announced that they have renegotiated the deal binding the two companies. Despite some opinions on X that frame it as a victory for the ChatGPT maker over the Windows giant, both sides are walking away winners. Solving the Legal Peril The new terms solve an issue that was hanging over OpenAI's head since it signed its up-to-$50-billion deal with Amazon. With this new deal, instead of Microsoft having exclusive access to all of OpenAI's products and IP until the magical day when OpenAI produces AGI, its partnership has a definitive timeline. The Financial Impact This contract gives Microsoft a nonexclusive license to OpenAI IP for models and products through 2032. The two companies are still calling Microsoft OpenAI's 'primary cloud partner,' meaning that the bulk of OpenAI's cloud will likely be served by Azure for the six years this deal covers, even as OpenAI rushes to build its own data centers with other partners. The Impact on the Industry In October, OpenAI agreed to buy an additional $250 billion worth of Microsoft's cloud. This line is a message to Microsoft shareholders that OpenAI will still be an enormous Azure customer. OpenAI products will ship 'first on Azure, unless Microsoft cannot and chooses not to support the necessary capabilities,' the companies say. The Future Outlook The biggest winners here are enterprises, which get to choose their models and their clouds while the giants compete with each other to serve them. The new deal now allows Microsoft to stop paying a revenue share to OpenAI, while OpenAI will continue to pay a revenue share to Microsoft through 2030, although this is now subject to a cap. In October, Microsoft and OpenAI announced a new agreement to help OpenAI fend off the lawsuit from Elon Musk about its corporate structure that gives OpenAI the ability to run non-API-accessed products on other clouds. In November, OpenAI and Amazon signed their first multi-year agreement, in which OpenAI contracted for $38 billion worth of AWS cloud. In February, Amazon announced an up-to-$50-billion investment in OpenAI, pending 'certain conditions,' including the exclusive tech development and hosting deal for Frontier and stateful tech. In March, the Financial Times published that Microsoft is considering legal action. In April, OpenAI and Microsoft announced a new deal, that includes a calendar-end date for their exclusive partnership and allows OpenAI to run all of its products on other clouds.

Funding Surge Powers Ineffable Intelligence’s Superlearner QuestIneffable Intelligence announced a $1.1 billion financing round that values the startup at $5.1 billion, positioning it among the elite "pentacorn" AI companies. The capital will fuel the creation of a "superlearner"—an AI system that acquires knowledge solely through trial‑and‑error reinforcement learning.Building a Reinforcement‑Learning Superlearner Without Human DataThe venture’s core mission is to engineer an AI that discovers skills and concepts without any human‑curated datasets. Leveraging David Silver's expertise from DeepMind’s AlphaZero breakthroughs, the team aims to let the system iterate in simulated environments until it autonomously uncovers optimal strategies.Focus on pure experience‑driven learning rather than supervised datasets.Target domains span games, robotics, and scientific discovery.Initial prototypes will run on custom GPU clusters supplied by Nvidia.$1.1 B Funding Round Values Startup at $5.1 BThe round was led by Sequoia Capital and Lightspeed Venture Partners, with participation from Index Ventures, Google, Nvidia, the British Business Bank and the sovereign fund Sovereign AI. Highlights include:Lead investors: Sequoia Capital, Lightspeed Venture PartnersStrategic backers: Google, NvidiaValuation: $5.1 billion post‑moneyComparable rounds: AMI Labs ($1.03 billion) and Recursive Superintelligence ($500 million‑$1 billion)London’s Ascendance as a Global AI HubThe influx of multi‑billion‑dollar rounds signals a shift of AI capital toward the United Kingdom. Factors driving the momentum include DeepMind’s continued presence, supportive government funds like the British Business Bank, and a dense network of alumni launching new ventures.London now hosts three AI startups valued above $5 billion.Proximity to Google’s AI campus and interest from Jeff Bezos’ Project Prometheus further cement the ecosystem.What Success Could Mean for the Future of AI ResearchIf Ineffable’s superlearner achieves human‑data‑free mastery, it could redefine AI development pipelines, reducing reliance on massive curated datasets and accelerating breakthroughs in domains where data is scarce or proprietary.Potential to democratize AI capabilities across industries.May trigger a new wave of reinforcement‑learning‑first models, challenging the dominance of large language models.Founder David Silver pledges all personal earnings to high‑impact charities, linking AI progress to societal benefit.

The Global Economic Fallout of Potential Conflict As tensions escalate in the Middle East, economists and humanitarian organizations are warning that a full-scale war with Iran could have devastating consequences for global poverty levels. The potential conflict threatens to reverse years of progress in reducing poverty worldwide, with millions at risk of being pushed back into economic hardship. Economic Disruption and Market Volatility A war with Iran would immediately disrupt global energy markets, as the country is a major producer of oil and natural gas. Analysts predict that oil prices could spike by 50-70% in the immediate aftermath of any conflict, triggering inflationary pressures across the global economy. This energy shock would particularly impact developing nations that rely heavily on imported energy, potentially straining their already fragile economies. The Human Cost: Rising Poverty Statistics According to recent estimates from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, a prolonged conflict with Iran could push an additional 15-20 million people globally into extreme poverty by 2028. The Middle East region would be hardest hit, with countries like Iraq, Afghanistan, and Lebanon experiencing significant economic contractions. In these regions, poverty rates could increase by 10-15 percentage points, reversing decades of development progress. Regional and Global Economic Transformation The economic impact would extend far beyond the immediate conflict zone. Global supply chains would face significant disruptions, particularly in sectors dependent on Iranian exports such as petroleum, chemicals, and carpets. Trade routes through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint for global shipping, could be disrupted, affecting approximately 20% of global oil trade. This would lead to increased shipping costs and delays in the delivery of goods worldwide. Future Outlook: Mitigating the Economic Damage Despite the grim predictions, economists suggest that coordinated international action could help mitigate some of the worst economic impacts. Potential measures include releasing strategic petroleum reserves, diversifying energy sources, and providing targeted financial assistance to vulnerable nations. However, the long-term economic consequences of a major Middle East conflict would likely reshape global economic dynamics for years to come, potentially accelerating trends toward regional economic blocs and away from globalized markets.

The maritime security landscape off the Horn of Africa is deteriorating rapidly, with suspected pirates hijacking the cargo vessel Sward on Monday. This marks the second such incident off Somalia in less than a week, raising alarms about the stability of global shipping lanes. The Hijacking of the Sward: A New Chapter in Somali Piracy The Sward, a cargo ship carrying cement from Suez, Egypt, to the Kenyan port of Mombasa, was hijacked approximately 6 nautical miles northeast of the coastal town of Garacad. Flying the flag of St Kitts and Nevis, the vessel is currently assessed to be under pirate control and proceeding toward the Somali coastline. Maritime security group Vanguard confirmed that 15 crew members, comprising 2 Indian nationals and 13 Syrians, are on board. Reports indicate that 9 pirates boarded the ship and took control, with the Puntland Maritime Police Force currently monitoring the situation. Rising Tide of Maritime Attacks This attack is not an isolated event but part of a disturbing trend. Pirate activity has begun to pick up again in late 2023, a period marked by a decline in international anti-piracy patrols and a strategic shift in naval focus toward countering Houthi rebels in Yemen. Recent Incidents: An oil tanker was seized in waters off Somaliland on Wednesday, and armed assailants attacked a commercial tanker off Mogadishu in November. Crew Composition: The Sward's crew highlights the international nature of shipping, with a mix of Indian and Syrian nationals. Historical Context: Somali pirates caused havoc from 2008 to 2018, but the recent resurgence suggests that the security gains of the past decade are eroding. Geopolitical Pressure Cookers The timing of the hijacking is critical, as it coincides with the United States-Israeli war on Iran. The conflict has led to the blockage of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital chokepoint for global oil supplies. This geopolitical crisis is forcing ships to take longer, more expensive routes around the Cape of Good Hope or divert through the Suez Canal, increasing the vulnerability of these alternative paths. Future Outlook for Global Trade Analysts warn that the convergence of a resurgence in piracy and the shutdown of the Strait of Hormuz creates a "perfect storm" for global logistics. Without a significant increase in naval patrols specifically dedicated to the Gulf of Aden and Somali waters, the risk to commercial shipping is expected to rise, potentially leading to further delays and increased insurance premiums for global trade.

The Strategic Void in US Foreign PolicyIn a stark rebuke to Washington, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz has declared that the United States lacks a clear strategy in the escalating Iran war. This statement marks a significant escalation in diplomatic rhetoric, suggesting that the transatlantic alliance is facing a crisis of confidence regarding Middle Eastern policy.Merz's Stark Critique of Washington's Iran PolicyThe core of Merz's argument centers on the perceived ambiguity of US actions. By stating there is "no strategy," Merz implies that current military and diplomatic maneuvers are reactive rather than proactive. This critique comes at a critical juncture, as the conflict in the region threatens to destabilize global energy markets and European security architectures.The Cost of Strategic AmbiguityGeopolitical Instability: The lack of a defined strategy leaves regional actors guessing, potentially leading to miscalculations.Economic Volatility: Uncertainty in the Middle East drives oil prices, directly impacting the European economy.Alliance Fractures: European nations are increasingly uncomfortable with US unilateralism in the region.Europe's Growing Reliance on AutonomyMertz's comments signal a growing desire among European leaders to assert greater control over their own foreign policy. If the US is perceived as having no strategy, Germany and its allies may be forced to develop independent diplomatic channels to manage the crisis, reducing their dependence on American military and political support.A New Era of Multipolar DiplomacyLooking ahead, this divergence suggests a future where global conflicts are managed through a fragmented set of alliances rather than a unified front. The US may retreat to a more isolationist stance, while Europe attempts to fill the vacuum, leading to a more complex and potentially volatile international order.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney has announced the creation of the nation's first sovereign wealth fund, a strategic move aimed at bolstering Canada's industrial base and insulating the economy from external volatility. Canada's First Sovereign Wealth Fund: A Strategic Industrial Pivot The new government-owned investment vehicle will begin with an initial capitalization of $25 billion Canadian dollars (US$18bn). Its primary mandate is to finance major projects in critical sectors including energy, infrastructure, mining, agriculture, and technology. Carney emphasized that the fund will operate as a public-private partnership, pooling government resources with private capital to drive development. Initial Capital: $25 billion CAD Focus Areas: Energy, infrastructure, mining, agriculture, technology Structure: Government-owned with private investor participation Global Benchmarks and Funding Challenges While sovereign wealth funds are a global phenomenon—managing over $8 trillion in assets across more than 90 jurisdictions—the Canadian model faces a unique hurdle: budgetary deficits. Unlike many nations that fund these vehicles through surpluses, Canada currently lacks a budget surplus. This suggests the government may need to borrow or reallocate funds to meet the initial capital requirements. Diversification Amidst Geopolitical Pressure The announcement comes at a critical juncture in North American relations. With US President Donald Trump threatening tariffs and questioning Canada's sovereignty, Carney is leveraging his background as a former central banker to pivot the economy away from its reliance on the United States. By investing in domestic capabilities, Canada aims to create a buffer against potential economic coercion. Competing with the US Model: A New North American Dynamic This move mirrors a growing trend in global economics, notably the creation of a US sovereign wealth fund ordered by President Trump last year. As both nations move toward state-led investment strategies, the North American economic landscape is shifting from a purely market-driven model to one where sovereign capital plays a pivotal role in industrial policy.