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Modern combat has been reshaped by the Russia‑Ukraine war, the Gaza clashes, India‑Pakistan skirmishes and the recent US‑Israel strikes on Iran, driving an unprecedented global appetite for drones, missiles and sophisticated air‑defence systems. Turkey, a leading military power in the Middle East, is positioning itself as a key supplier in this booming market. At the heart of Turkey’s push is Roketsan, a firm founded in 1988 to equip the Turkish Armed Forces. Today the company exports to roughly 50 nations and is counted among the fastest‑growing defence enterprises worldwide. Bypassing Western embargoes has been a catalyst for this growth. After the United States imposed CAATSA sanctions in 2020 and removed Turkey from the F‑35 programme, Ankara was forced to develop an indigenous defence ecosystem. The result is a network of nearly 4,000 small and medium‑sized enterprises that now supplies over 90 % of the components used in Turkish weapons. Financially, the strategy is paying off. In 2025 Turkish defence exports reached $10 billion. Roketsan’s General Manager Murat Ikinci told Al Jazeera the firm sits at 71st place among global defence firms and is targeting a climb into the top 50, then top 20, and ultimately the top 10 by the end of the decade. To fuel this ambition, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan inaugurated a suite of new facilities last week, including: Europe’s largest warhead production plant. A new R&D centre employing 1,000 engineers. The “Kirikkale” complex dedicated to rocket‑fuel research. Infrastructure for mass‑producing ballistic and cruise missiles. The construction represents a $1 billion outlay, with an additional $2 billion earmarked for scaling up production capacity. Roketsan’s R&D engine—the third‑largest in Turkey with 3,200 engineers—draws heavily on lessons from ongoing wars. The Ukraine conflict highlighted the effectiveness of cheap FPV and AI‑guided kamikaze drones, prompting Roketsan to field systems such as the ALKA and BURC air‑defences and the laser‑guided CIRIT missile. Recent US‑Israel operations against Iran have underscored the threat posed by low‑cost Iranian‑designed Shahed drones, now upgraded with Russian “Kometa‑B” anti‑jamming modules. These swarms have overwhelmed regional defences and even struck a British base in Cyprus in March 2026, while NATO intercepted three Iranian ballistic missiles that entered Turkish airspace. In response, Roketsan is advancing the “Tayfun” (Typhoon) missile family. The flagship Tayfun Block 4 is a hypersonic ballistic missile designed to pierce advanced air‑defence layers at extreme speeds. When pressed for specifics, Ikinci declined to disclose the exact range, noting only that it is “sufficient.” Strategically, Turkey is shifting away from Western dependence toward an “Eastern” partnership model. Roketsan now offers joint production and technology‑development agreements, establishing co‑located facilities and R&D centres across the Middle East, Far East and Europe. Qatar has been cited as a flagship example of this collaborative approach. Roketsan has identified five priority product lines to meet rising global demand: Long‑range ballistic and cruise missiles. Advanced air‑defence systems, including “Steel Dome”, Hisar‑A, Hisar‑O and Siper. Submarine‑launched cruise missiles leveraging the AKYA system. Smart micro‑munitions for armed drones. Long‑range air‑to‑air missiles, a capability highlighted by the recent India‑Pakistan clash. The timing is critical. Ongoing conflicts have depleted the stockpiles of high‑end air‑defence assets worldwide. During the US‑Israel‑Iran confrontation, the United States relied heavily on Patriot and THAAD systems, raising concerns that interceptor inventories could run low. Gulf states, which have logged over 1,000 drone sightings in their airspace, are actively seeking alternative solutions—an opening that Turkey’s self‑sufficient supply chain is poised to fill. Analysts warn that even major powers like the United States will need years to rebuild their air‑defence inventories due to the complexity of production. Turkey’s claim of near‑complete domestic manufacturing positions it as a ready supplier for nations eager to diversify away from traditional Western sources. As demand for missiles and drones surges, Roketsan is reinvesting its revenues into expanding production infrastructure, aiming to cement its place among the world’s elite defence exporters.

Gray whales have historically been a rare sight in the San Francisco Bay. They migrate over 10,000 miles from Mexico's Baja California to the Arctic region, seldom stopping in the busy shipping corridor for prolonged periods. However, in recent years, this has changed in a dire way.A new study published in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science has found that gray whales in the bay have been dying at alarming rates, largely due to collisions with vessels. Eastern North Pacific (ENP) gray whales began to appear more frequently in the well-trafficked maritime corridor around 2018.According to researchers, at least 18% of gray whales that entered the bay from 2018 to 2025 have died. They determined that for more than 40% of the whale carcasses, the cause of death was blunt force trauma consistent with vessel strikes, prompting calls for renewed efforts to help avoid more fatal collisions.“It was historically very unusual for them to enter the bay, especially for longer amounts of time or consistently year after year,” said Josie Slaathaug, lead author of the study. There are whale subgroups known to hunt for food south of the Arctic, but a majority of the recently spotted whales feeding in the bay were not a part of these foraging clusters.A wave of new whale presence had not been observed in the waters since the late 1990s. Researchers have theorized that Arctic warming is disrupting food availability for the whales, driving them to hunt in new places such as the bay, although it remains unclear what exactly they may be eating there.Their potential new feeding corner, though, is a major shipping route. The true mortality rate for whales in the bay may be higher, hovering somewhere from 40% to 50%, Slaathaug said.In recent years, there have been several reports of dead whales that wash up on Bay Area beaches. The ENP gray whale population has been in decline due to malnutrition and starvation from climate-driven prey shifts in the Arctic. The Southwest Fisheries Science Center estimated a population total of about 13,000 whales, its lowest count since 1970.“It’s not unique to their migratory corridor that a lot of whales are dying,” Slaathaug said. “What is unique about San Francisco Bay and this study was that there was such a clear emerging cause of death.”Some local efforts are under way to reduce vessel collisions. The Marine Mammal Center has developed a program called Whale Smart, to educate vessel operators in the San Francisco Bay on how to interpret whale behavior to avoid close encounters.In Alaska, where vessels also pose a threat to the whale population, one fleet company partnered with WhaleSpotter, a company that uses AI and thermal imaging to detect the presence of whales, so they can change course well in advance.Last year, the Center for Biological Diversity, a conservation group, sued the US Coast Guard, which regulates vessel traffic off the California coast, for failing to analyze how vessel routes may harm whales and sea turtles.“This most recent study about the gray whales reaffirms that we have way underestimated the problem and we are not managing human activities well enough to avoid the whales,” said Catherine Kilduff, senior attorney at the center.Federal action is needed to reduce the fatal collisions, Kilduff said. According to the Endangered Species Act, the coast guard should be consulting with the National Marine Fisheries Service when setting shipping lanes to assess impact to marine wildlife.Kilduff also suggested mandatory speed limits for vessels. “There are voluntary speed reductions on the west coast, but there is evidence that those aren’t effective. The compliance rate isn’t high enough,” she said.A 2022 study co-authored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration found that the average speeds of large vessels had decreased from 2010 to 2019 in voluntary speed reduction zones. But, researchers determined that the cooperation rate of roughly 50% was lower than the amount needed to reduce vessel strike-related mortality to a level that maintains a sustainable whale population.“These whales are using the oceans in such a sophisticated way. We can learn so much from them, and if we can figure out ways to avoid killing them, I know that they’ll come back to healthy population levels,” Kilduff said.

Liverpool's Hugo Ekitiké has been ruled out for the remainder of the season and the World Cup with France due to a suspected achilles tendon rupture suffered against Paris Saint-Germain on Tuesday.The 23-year-old striker, who is Liverpool's leading goalscorer this season with 17 goals in all competitions, underwent scans on Wednesday. While the full extent of his injury has not been confirmed, France national team head coach Didier Deschamps has confirmed that Ekitiké will not be able to finish the season with Liverpool or participate in the World Cup.This injury represents a significant blow to Liverpool, particularly with six games remaining to secure Champions League qualification. Ekitiké was signed from Eintracht Frankfurt last summer in a deal that could rise to £79m and has been a key player in Liverpool's expensive recruitment drive.Ekitiké's absence also increases the importance of Alexander Isak getting up to speed after four months out with a fractured leg and ankle injury. Additionally, this long-term layoff impacts Liverpool's plans for next season, especially with Mohamed Salah leaving Anfield this summer.

Formula One’s commercial chief, Stefano Domenicali, warned that the concerns voiced by four‑time champion Max Verstappen over the sport’s latest technical package cannot be ignored. The Dutch driver has repeatedly expressed frustration that the new formula, especially the heightened role of energy‑management, prevents him from racing at full throttle.Verstappen’s unease is echoed by several of his peers, who have also questioned the deployment and recharging limits of the hybrid systems. The driver has even hinted that his future in the championship could be at stake, prompting Domenicali to confirm ongoing conversations with the Dutchman and other competitors.In response, the FIA, team principals, power‑unit manufacturers and the sport’s commercial rights holder, FOM, have scheduled a series of technical meetings this month. A further senior‑representatives session is set for 20 April, where decisions will be taken and later ratified by the World Motorsport Council, with the aim of implementing any changes before the Miami Grand Prix on 3 May.While engine specifications will remain untouched, officials are expected to focus on tweaking the parameters governing energy recovery and deployment. Adjustments in these areas could alleviate the current constraints on drivers while preserving safety – a priority sharpened by Oliver Bearman’s crash at Suzuka, which highlighted the risks of differing closing speeds when cars operate in varied electrical modes.Domenicali emphasized that while driver feedback is being taken seriously, persistent criticism could be detrimental to the sport’s image. “He knows his voice carries weight and must respect that weight,” the CEO said, adding that the organization aims to avoid any perception of antagonism between management and the drivers.

Amazon’s $11.57 B Deal to Secure Globalstar’s Satellite AssetsOn April 14, 2026, Amazon disclosed a cash transaction of **$11.57 billion** (about **$90 per share**) to acquire Globalstar, the satellite operator that powers Apple’s Emergency SOS feature. The purchase gives Amazon full control of Globalstar’s satellite constellation, ground infrastructure, and mobile‑satellite‑service spectrum licenses, bolstering the company’s nascent satellite business, Amazon Leo.Deal Structure and What Amazon GainsThe agreement transfers:All of Globalstar’s existing low‑Earth‑orbit satellites (currently **24** operational, with agreements for **50+** new units).Ground stations, network operations, and spectrum licenses needed for direct‑to‑device services.Ongoing contracts with customers such as Delta Airlines, AT&T;, Vodafone, Australia’s NBN, and NASA.Alongside the acquisition, Amazon signed a continuation agreement with Apple to keep providing satellite connectivity for iPhone and Apple Watch users.Financial Scale and Satellite Fleet NumbersThe transaction’s headline figures illustrate the market’s valuation of satellite connectivity:Deal value: **$11.57 billion** in cash.Share price: **$90** per Globalstar share.Amazon Leo’s planned constellation: **>3,200** satellites, though only **~200** have launched to date.FCC deadline: Amazon must have **~1,600** satellites in orbit by **July 2026**.Starlink comparison: **>10,000** satellites serving 150+ countries.Strategic Implications for Amazon Leo vs. StarlinkAcquiring Globalstar gives Amazon immediate access to:Established spectrum in the 1.6 GHz band, critical for low‑latency, direct‑to‑device links.A ready‑made customer base in aviation, telecom, and government sectors.Technical expertise and launch contracts (including a SpaceX agreement for replacement satellites).Combined with the recent showcase of a high‑speed antenna for commercial jets, Amazon is positioning Leo to compete directly with Starlink in the high‑value aviation and enterprise markets, while leveraging Apple’s ecosystem for consumer‑grade emergency services.Outlook: Timeline for Amazon Leo and Market ShiftsKey milestones ahead:Late 2026 – Initial commercial rollout of Amazon Leo’s direct‑to‑device services using Globalstar’s existing constellation.2028 – Deployment of Amazon’s own “thousands of advanced satellites” to enable a global, low‑latency network supporting “hundreds of millions of customer endpoints.”Mid‑2027 – Expected FCC approval of the extended satellite count deadline.If Amazon meets these targets, the satellite‑internet market could see a three‑way split among Starlink, Amazon Leo, and emerging regional players, driving down prices and expanding coverage for aviation, maritime, and remote‑area users.

Nicky Henderson, 75, has spent nearly five decades shaping British racing, yet the saga of his star gelding Constitution Hill still makes him pause. After a sun‑lit afternoon in Lambourn, the trainer watched the usually placid horse stroll into his stable, a stark contrast to the drama that has defined the horse’s recent career.Henderson, speaking alongside owner Michael Buckley, emphasized the personal bond they share with the animal, calling him “more a pal than a beast” and noting his unique appeal to the public.Constitution Hill burst onto the scene with a ten‑race winning streak, highlighted by a dominant 2023 Champion Hurdle victory at Cheltenham. Experts briefly hailed him as one of the greatest hurdlers of all time, lauding his speed and precision over obstacles.That dominance vanished almost overnight. The gelding began to experience what Henderson likened to a golfer’s “yips”, falling in three of his last four hurdle races. Even a race at Punchestown where he stayed upright ended in a “disconcertingly tame display”, according to Timeform, which had previously ranked him the best hurdler of recent decades.Plans for a Cheltenham return were scrapped, and the team pivoted to flat racing. Constitution Hill delivered two striking victories at Southwell and Kempton in early 2026, drawing crowds of all ages. Henderson said the flat races felt like a “glorious celebration”, and the horse’s performance on the flat has been “brilliant”.His newfound flat success has sparked global interest. Henderson received invitations from racetracks worldwide, though he dismissed wild speculation about the Melbourne Cup as “the least likely of the lot”. Instead, a more measured approach is being considered, with the John Porter Stakes at Newbury on the agenda if the ground suits.“It’s not everybody’s idea of the most sensible race for him,” Henderson admitted, but added that a second year of racing could still be on the cards. He stressed that the horse’s safety and public enjoyment remain paramount.When asked why Constitution Hill lost his jumping confidence, Henderson cited several factors, including the introduction of new padded hurdles, which the horse disliked. He also mentioned a series of well‑meaning consultants—from Australian “gurus” to renowned equestrian coach Yogi Breisner—none of whom could reverse the decline.Despite the setbacks, the horse’s flat form has been a commercial boon. Henderson reported an 800% surge in ticket sales at Southwell compared with the previous year, illustrating the public’s fascination with the “ridiculous horse that can’t stand up”.Looking ahead, Henderson is entertaining a range of international options: the French Prix du Cadran, the Irish St Leger, and even potential programs in Germany and the United States. Yet he remains realistic about travel logistics, noting that Constitution Hill requires companion horses for long trips.In the trainer’s words, “You’ve got to have fun,” and with Constitution Hill’s current trajectory, the aim is to bring that joy back to racing while navigating the horse’s unique needs and the sport’s evolving landscape.

Plans to alter the size of HS2 trains, aimed at maximizing capacity, may result in increased costs and fewer seats, potentially leading to slower services north of Birmingham. A senior government and rail industry figure, Chris Gibb, has warned against changing the train order.The original £2bn order for 54 high-speed trains, to be built by a joint venture of Alstom and Hitachi, was placed in 2021. However, the project has been under review since the cancellation of the northern leg of HS2 by Rishi Sunak in 2023. The initial plan was for the 200-metre, eight-carriage units to double into 16-carriage trains, similar in size to a Eurostar. But this will only be feasible on the new line between London and Birmingham, as existing stations like Manchester Piccadilly cannot accommodate a 400-metre train.Gibb, a non-executive director of DfT Operator, expressed concerns that if HS2 opens with eight-coach trains, they would be full, leaving people behind. He suggested that instead of varying the train order, which could incur extra costs and delays, the government should retain the original order and plan to replace the current Pendolino fleet with longer, faster, modern versions around 2040.This approach, Gibb argued, would provide a significant increase in capacity, revenue, and a reduction in journey times on all routes without the need for further railway construction. Lord McLoughlin, former transport secretary, and Lord Berkeley, a long-term HS2 sceptic, have backed Gibb's idea, emphasizing the importance of consistent rolling stock for future use.A spokesperson for HS2 Ltd stated that no changes have been made to the original order, and they are still working closely with the manufacturer and the DfT to finalize train designs. The trains will be built in Derby and Newton Aycliffe.

Rolls-Royce has secured a significant investment of up to £599m from the UK's national wealth fund to develop the country's first small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs). The funding will support Rolls-Royce's design of SMRs at Wylfa on the island of Anglesey, Wales. The investment is expected to create around 1,000 jobs at Rolls-Royce and contribute to the UK's goal of generating electricity without carbon dioxide emissions. The project also offers the potential for a large new export industry in SMRs. The UK government has embraced nuclear energy as a key component of its clean energy strategy, and this investment marks a significant milestone in the development of SMR technology. SMRs aim to produce nuclear power stations in factories, driving down costs and speeding up installation. The Wylfa site has a history of nuclear power generation, having operated from 1971 until 2015. Hitachi had previously attempted to build a new nuclear power station at the site but abandoned its plans in 2020 due to funding issues. The site was later acquired by the state-owned Great British Energy – Nuclear (GBE-N) in 2024. The chancellor, Rachel Reeves, highlighted the importance of the investment, stating that it will strengthen energy security, create skilled jobs, and help build a new generation of homegrown nuclear technology that will power the UK's economy for decades to come. Tufan Erginbilgiç, chief executive of Rolls-Royce, described the investment as a critical milestone for the business and for the UK, marking the beginning of a golden age of new nuclear. The company owns the majority of Rolls-Royce SMR, alongside Qatar's sovereign wealth fund, France's BNF Resources, and the Czech utility CEZ.

Wout van Aert broke a ten‑year drought at the Paris‑Roubaix on Sunday, out‑sprinting world champion Tadej Pogacar in one of cycling’s toughest cobbled classics. Both Van Aert and Pogacar suffered punctures during the race, as did their fellow Belgian rival Mathieu van der Poel, who endured two mechanical issues and was unable to contest the final sprint. Van Aert’s victory secured his second Monument title, following his 2020 Milan‑San Remo win. After neutralising Pogacar’s repeated attacks on the cobbles, Van Aert unleashed a decisive burst of speed on the Roubaix Velodrome, crossing the line ahead of the world champion. Jasper Stuyven completed the podium, finishing 13 seconds behind the winner. Van der Poel, who was chasing a fourth consecutive Paris‑Roubaix triumph, fell to fourth place after a mechanical problem on a treacherous sector cost him more than two minutes. “It’s everything to me, it’s been a goal since I first did this race. I stopped believing a lot of times but I would start believing again the next day,” Van Aert said, reflecting on the personal significance of the win after years of bad luck in the “Queen of the Classics.” The Visma‑Lease a Bike rider dedicated his victory to former teammate Michael Goolaerts, who tragically died after a cardiac arrest in the 2018 edition of the race. “Arriving for a final sprint with the world champion and beating him in a sprint is very special,” he added. Pogacar entered the race after clinching the first two Monument classics of the season – the Milan‑San Remo and the Tour of Flanders – and was aiming to become the first Tour de France champion to win Paris‑Roubaix since Bernard Hinault in 1981.