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The latest satellite‑based assessment reveals that the world’s tropical primary rainforests shed 4.3 million hectares in 2025 – a 36 percent reduction from the 2024 peak – yet the pace remains far above what is needed to meet the 2030 zero‑loss target.Record‑Breaking Deforestation Followed by a Notable Decline in 2025Researchers from World Resources Institute (WRI) and the University of Maryland highlighted that while 2024 set an all‑time high for forest clearance, 2025 showed a measurable pull‑back. The slowdown was not uniform; Brazil accounted for the bulk of the improvement, while the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon continued to experience high loss rates.Numbers Behind the Slowdown: 4.3 Million Hectares Saved4.3 million hectares (10.6 million acres) lost in 2025, down from 6.7 million hectares in 2024.Loss was 46 percent lower than in 2015.Global tree‑cover loss fell 14 percent year‑on‑year.Fires accounted for 42 percent of tropical forest loss.Brazil’s non‑fire forest loss dropped 41 percent from 2024, its lowest on record.Colombia’s loss fell 17 percent, the second‑lowest since 2016.Policy Wins in Brazil and Colombia Signal Shifting Conservation LandscapeBrazil’s decline is attributed to stricter enforcement and the anti‑deforestation action plan relaunched by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in 2023, which raised penalties for illegal clearing. Colombia benefitted from new governmental agreements limiting forest clearing. However, both nations face ongoing pressures from soy and cattle expansion, and local attempts to dilute environmental protections.Future Outlook: Climate‑Driven Fires Threaten to Reverse GainsResearchers warn that the return of a strong El Niño mid‑year could reignite heatwaves, droughts and wildfires, potentially erasing the 2025 gains. While human activity sparks most tropical fires, climate change is intensifying natural fire cycles, turning forests from carbon sinks into emission sources. As Rod Taylor of WRI cautioned, “We’re on a kind of knife’s edge.”

The Morning on Dartmoor: A Glassy Canvas for Insect BalletA clear, wind‑less dawn on Dartmoor reveals pools so smooth they mirror the sky. Beneath that still surface, whirligig beetles stir, turning each puddle into a miniature dance floor.Whirligig Beetles: Dual‑Eyed Dancers of Surface TensionThese small, dark insects spin across the water like motorised apple pips, some carving circles, others rotating in pairs as if engaged in a barn dance. Their movements, reminiscent of Brownian motion, are both random and mesmerizing.Ecological Role and Adaptations of Whirligig BeetlesEyes split into two pairs, allowing simultaneous vision above and below water.Predatory diet includes mosquito larvae and fallen invertebrates.Capable of short‑range flight to colonise new pools, making them widespread across the UK.Rapid, frantic gyrations can bewilder predators, acting as a defensive display.Why Observing Small Wonders Matters in a Changing LandscapeAlthough easy to overlook, a brief pause to watch these gregarious insects offers a focus free from daily concerns. Their chaotic patterns echo sped‑up traffic or bustling crowds, reminding us that nature can both confound and captivate.Future Outlook: Reconnecting with Micro‑Nature in Everyday LifeAs urbanisation expands, moments like these become vital touchstones for environmental awareness. Encouraging more people to notice and cherish such micro‑ecosystems could foster broader support for conservation of habitats like the peat‑rich moorlands featured in the Guardian Country Diary collection, illustrated by Charlie Elder.

The Arctic Heatwave That Redefined Europe's Climate RealityThe Nordic heatwave that pushed temperatures above 30C (86F) in the Arctic Circle in July was part of a record-breaking year that saw abnormal heat sear more than 95% of Europe, a report has found. Parts of Scandinavia were scorched by 21 days of punishingly hot weather that led to "tropical nights" in typically cool countries such as Norway, Sweden and Finland.Europe's Unprecedented Temperature AccelerationThe scientists found temperatures in Europe have risen by 0.56C per decade since the mid-1990s – faster than any other continent on the planet – due to the blanket of fossil fuel pollution covering the Earth. Svalbard, one of the fastest-warming places on the planet, has heated at three to four times the average European rate, the report found.Record Wildfires and Devastating Land LossHot weather fueled deadly wildfires in 2025 that set large parts of Europe ablaze. More than one million hectares of land went up in flames, 4.7% more than the previous record set in 2017. The Iberian peninsula suffered the worst of the wildfires due to a dry summer after a wet spring. In Spain, volunteer firefighters died as they raced to carve out breaks in the vegetation around their villages with little more than farming tools to fend off flames. The burned area in Spain accounted for 38% of the European total.Vanishing Snow and Shrinking GlaciersThe heat melted snow and shrunk glaciers in every region of Europe, the report found, with Iceland witnessing its second-greatest loss of glacier mass on record. Meanwhile, the Greenland ice sheet lost 139 gigatons of ice in 2025 and raised global sea levels by nearly half a millimetre, according to the report. Annual snow cover fell by 31% and snow mass by 45% from their average over the last few decades.Europe's Waters Reach Record High TemperaturesEuropean waters were the hottest ever seen after the fourth year in a row of broken sea surface temperature records, the scientists found. A record 86% of its ocean experienced "strong" heatwaves at some point in 2025, while 36% experienced "severe" or "extreme" heat. Annual sea surface temperatures in Europe reached the highest levels recorded, according to the EU's Copernicus and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).The Climate Emergency Warning System"All the emergency warning lights are flashing red," said John Hyland from Greenpeace, which has said the EU's climate targets are too low to fulfill its responsibilities. "Either governments take swift and effective action to cut carbon pollution right now or they can continue irresponsibly rolling back protections, placing countless people's health, homes, jobs and livelihoods at risk."The 1.5C Target and BeyondWorld leaders promised in 2015 to try to stop the planet from heating by more than 1.5C (2.7F) above preindustrial levels by the end of the century, a task that requires dramatic reductions in the burning of coal, oil and gas. The failure to cut pollution in line with scientific roadmaps has pushed global heating past 1.3C. Limiting global heating to 1.5C now relies on removing vast amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to bring temperatures down.Preparing for a Warmer FutureCeleste Saulo, the secretary general of the WMO, said record greenhouse gas levels had made it "virtually impossible" to keep global heating below 1.5C without temporarily overshooting the target. "What is important is to keep this overshoot as short and as shallow as possible." In February, the EU's scientific advisers urged it to prepare for 3C of global heating and described current efforts as "insufficient, largely incremental [and] often coming too late." They called on the EU to mandate climate risk assessments, embed climate resilience into all policies and channel more money into protective measures.

The Alarming Rise in European Temperatures Europe has been identified as the fastest-warming continent in the latest climate change report. The region experienced severe climate impacts in 2025, including record-high marine temperatures and widespread wildfires. Record-Breaking Temperatures and Weather Events According to the report by the World Meteorological Organization and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), nearly all of Europe experienced above-average annual temperatures in 2025. This included a 21-day heatwave in sub-Arctic Norway, Sweden, and Finland, which was their worst on record. The Data Analysis The report highlighted several key statistics: Wildfires burned more than 1 million hectares (2.5 million acres) of land, roughly the size of Cyprus. About 70 percent of European rivers recorded below-average annual flows. Snow cover across Europe fell by nearly 30 percent to 1.32 million square kilometres (509,655 square miles) in March 2025. Glacier loss was recorded across Europe, with the second-largest loss on record observed in Iceland. The Impact Analysis The report's findings paint a grim picture of climate change in Europe. The region's rapid warming is having severe impacts, including: Drought conditions Widespread wildfires Record-high marine temperatures The Prediction The report's authors are calling for urgent action to address the accelerating pace of climate change. As Samantha Burgess, strategic lead for climate at ECMWF, noted: 'The evidence is unequivocal; climate change is not a future threat, it is our present reality.'

In a moving ceremony attended by politicians, iwi leaders, children and conservationists, five live kiwi were brought into the banquet hall of New Zealand’s parliament – the first time the nation’s iconic bird has set foot inside the legislative chamber. Kiwi Make Historic Entrance into New Zealand’s Parliament The event on Tuesday night, 29 April 2026 celebrated the culmination of the Capital Kiwi Project, a community‑driven initiative launched in 2022 to re‑introduce kiwi to Wellington after a century‑long absence. Handlers cradled the whiskered birds while a crowd of roughly 300 watched, some shedding tears as a soft brown feather fell to the floor. Numbers Behind the Success: Releases, Survival Rates, and Trapping Effort 250 kiwi have been released into Wellington’s wilds since the project began. The first cohort of 11 birds was released in November 2022; 232 more followed, producing dozens of chicks. Chick survival reached an unprecedented 90%, far exceeding the permit requirement of 30%. To protect the birds, more than 100 landowners installed 4,600 stoat traps across a 24,000 ha habitat – the largest intensive stoat‑trapping network in the country. Historically, 12 million kiwi roamed New Zealand; the latest estimate puts the national population at about 70,000. Why This Symbolic Return Reshapes Conservation in Urban New Zealand Mayor Andrew Little hailed the achievement as proof that “even for a concentrated urban environment like Wellington city, we can restore biodiversity.” The project’s success rests on a broad coalition: iwi, schools, volunteers, mountain‑bikers and over 100 landowners who embraced intensive predator control. As Paul Ward, founder of the Capital Kiwi Project, noted, “It’s a network of traps, but it is a network of relationships… that has enabled the restoration of a taonga species to that landscape.” Looking Ahead: Expanding Urban Biodiversity and Replicating the Model With the kiwi now thriving on the outskirts of Wellington and the birds set for release at Terawhiti station, the project offers a template for other cities seeking to re‑wild native fauna. Continued community engagement and sustained predator‑control funding will be crucial. If the model scales, New Zealand could see a resurgence of other threatened species in urban settings, reinforcing the nation’s identity tied to its unique wildlife.

The Lead In a remarkable feat of endurance and courage, British-Australian ultramarathon swimmer Andy Donaldson has conquered one of the world's most challenging aquatic courses, setting a new world record in the crocodile-filled waters of Western Australia's Ord River. Donaldson completed the 55km Dam to Dam Challenge in an astonishing 11 hours and 51 minutes, shattering the previous record by over four hours. The Record-Breaking Swim Donaldson's journey began at 5:38 AM in Lake Argyle, where he was greeted by a 2.5-meter freshwater crocodile at the start ramp—a stark reminder of the dangers that lay ahead. The Ord River, home to 5,500 freshwater crocodiles (approximately one croc for every 10 meters of the swim), presented a unique challenge that required both physical prowess and mental fortitude. Despite the intimidating wildlife, Donaldson maintained composure throughout the swim. "Freshwater crocodiles are smaller and more timid than their saltwater counterparts," he explained, "and unlikely to approach humans." His team had conducted thorough research beforehand, ensuring safety protocols were in place to handle any potential threats. The swim wasn't without its difficulties. Donaldson faced searing Kimberley temperatures that reached 34°C, a lack of saltwater reducing his buoyancy, unexpected headwinds, and sections of "dead water" with no current. "Especially when you start to fatigue, your hips drop and your body position isn't as good, so you feel like you're dragging the legs a lot more," he noted. The Record Time Analysis Donaldson's completion time of 11 hours and 51 minutes represents a significant improvement over the previous record set by Simone Blazer in 2024, who completed the swim in 16 hours and 13 minutes. This 4 hour and 22 minute improvement demonstrates Donaldson's exceptional endurance and preparation for the challenge. The swim required maintaining an average pace of approximately 4.65 km/h for nearly 12 hours, a remarkable feat considering the physical challenges and environmental factors. Donaldson's ability to sustain this pace through extreme heat and variable water conditions highlights his elite-level conditioning and mental resilience. The Impact on Extreme Swimming This achievement elevates Donaldson's status in the world of ultramarathon swimming and showcases the growing popularity of extreme aquatic challenges. The Dam to Dam Challenge, while previously completed by Blazer, now has a benchmark time that will inspire future athletes to push their limits. The successful completion of this swim also highlights the importance of proper safety protocols in extreme sports. Donaldson emphasized that "safety comes first" and that they "want to be smart and use these challenges to share positive messages, not negativity and fear." This approach to extreme sports could influence how future aquatic challenges are organized and perceived. Additionally, the media attention surrounding this swim, including the Guardian's coverage and the video documentation of the event, brings greater visibility to the sport of ultramarathon swimming and may attract more participants and sponsors to similar events worldwide. The Future of Extreme Aquatic Challenges With this record-setting swim, Andy Donaldson has established himself as one of the premier ultramarathon swimmers in the world. His achievement on the Ord River may lead to increased interest in similar extreme aquatic challenges, particularly those that combine natural beauty with significant physical obstacles. Looking ahead, we can expect Donaldson to continue pushing boundaries in the sport. His description of the Ord River swim as "the best swim I've ever done" and his expressed passion for swimming in "amazing places all around the world" suggest that he will seek out new challenges and potentially attempt other record-breaking swims in the coming years. The sport of ultramarathon swimming may also see increased innovation in safety equipment and training methods, as athletes attempt to conquer even more challenging courses while minimizing risks. Donaldson's success with his support team's approach to safety could become a model for future extreme swimming events.

Reimagining the Maypole: A London Community SessionIn a bustling Kilburn community centre, a towering green pole festooned with LED ribbons becomes the centrepiece of an unexpected folk celebration. Six participants circle the pole while dancehall and drum‑and‑bass thump from speakers, turning a centuries‑old English ritual into a vibrant, multicultural jam.From Jamaican Roots to Kilburn: Linett Kamala’s Basstone MaypoleLinett Kamala, a British‑Jamaican DJ who first made headlines as one of the first female turntablists at the 1985 Notting Hill Carnival, has spent decades weaving music, education and community work. After discovering a living maypole tradition in a rural Jamaican school in 2020, she purchased an old pole online and transformed it into the "Basstone Maypole"—a sci‑fi‑inspired instrument featuring:Programmable LED light strings replacing traditional ribbonsSchool Tannoy speakers on the crown playing birdsong and ambient tracksA bass‑heavy subwoofer at the base delivering the low‑end pulse of sound‑system cultureThe pole debuted at the February Light Up Kilburn festival, drawing families, ageing ravers and curious locals who reported hearing wild parakeets echoing alongside the bass.Redefining English Folk Identity in a Multicultural BritainThe project highlights how English folk symbols, once tied to colonial narratives, can be reclaimed and reshaped by diaspora communities. By linking the maypole to Jamaican quadrille history and contemporary sound‑system aesthetics, Kamala demonstrates that heritage is not static but a tapestry of intertwined cultures. Attendees like Louise, a Canary Wharf professional, describe the experience as "re‑lighting the fire" of a childhood memory, while newcomer Paulette notes the pole’s urban presence challenges the notion that folk traditions belong only to the countryside.Future of Hybrid Folk Practices in Urban SpacesKamala’s success suggests a growing appetite for hybrid cultural events that blend tradition with modern subcultures. As community centres across the UK seek inclusive programming, similar LED‑enhanced, genre‑crossing installations could become fixtures in festivals, schools and public squares, fostering dialogue about identity, history and collective creativity.

The Guardian's Take on David Pearson's New PlayDavid Pearson's 'Firewing' premieres at Hampstead Theatre, offering a witty yet poignant look at the relationship between a young photographer and his grumpy mentor. The production, directed by Alice Hamilton, is described as quietly sensitive and gently paced, filled with tender and funny writing.A Tale of Two Twitchers in a Remote HideThe play is set in a bird hide in the middle of nowhere, featuring Marcus (Charlie Beck) and Tim (Gerard Horan). They have a rocky start but bond over shared backgrounds and family secrets. The setting creates an atmosphere of isolation where the characters reveal their true selves.The Ethics of the Lens: Authenticity vs. AIThe Contested Photo: The title refers to a rare Siberian bird never photographed outside Russia. Tim claims to have a photo of it in Britain, which is contested as fake.Modern Art Critique: The play snidely critiques how iPhones and AI have debased the artform, raising questions about the 'truth' of a picture.Bridging Generational Gaps in the ArtsThe narrative is as much about fathers and sons as it is about creativity. It highlights the tension between traditional mentorship and modern technology, using the lens of wildlife photography to explore deeper family dynamics.A Promising Sign for London's Emerging TalentDespite a narrative arc that isn't fully dramatic, the performances are gripping. This is another success for the theatre's downstairs space for emerging writers, solidifying its reputation for discovering talent in the making.

Opening of the Queen Elizabeth II Urban Wildlife Garden On 28 April 2026 the newly‑created Queen Elizabeth II Garden in central London welcomed its first visitors. The 30,000 m² site, formerly a surface‑level car park, was redesigned by landscape architects Weston Williamson into a mosaic of native meadows, wetland ponds, and woodland glades. The garden is open daily, free of charge, and features interpretive signage, a visitor centre, and a series of guided tours aimed at families and school groups. Visitor Projections and Biodiversity Metrics Planned planting of 150+ native wildflower and shrub species to attract pollinators. Construction of two shallow ponds designed to support amphibians such as the common frog and newt. Target of 200,000 visitor entries in the first twelve months, based on foot‑traffic modelling from similar urban parks. Estimated creation of habitat for over 30 bird species, including the skylark and green woodpecker. Boost to Urban Biodiversity and Community Engagement The garden represents a strategic effort by the Royal Parks and the Greater London Authority to reverse the city’s biodiversity decline. By re‑wilding a high‑visibility site, the project provides a living laboratory for ecological research and citizen‑science initiatives. Local schools have already signed up for curriculum‑linked programs, and a volunteer “Friends of the Garden” group is coordinating monthly habitat‑monitoring events. Future Role of Green Spaces in London’s Climate Resilience Experts see the Queen Elizabeth II Garden as a template for future climate‑adaptation projects across the capital. The wetland areas are expected to mitigate surface‑runoff during heavy rainstorms, while the dense planting will contribute to urban cooling and carbon sequestration. If the garden meets its biodiversity targets, it could accelerate the city’s ambition to increase green cover by 15% by 2035.