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The Discovery of Pirate Shipwrecks An international team co-directed by a British marine archaeologist has discovered the first shipwrecks linked to the real pirates of the Caribbean in the Bahamas. The wrecks, dating back to the 'golden age of piracy', provide evidence of the infamous pirates who used Nassau as their hideout. Uncovering the Golden Age of Piracy Blackbeard and Calico Jack Rackham were among the pirates who, between the 1690s and 1720s, turned Nassau on the island of New Providence into a hideout. The team found six wrecks, three of which can be traced to this period, following the first-ever official permission to dive in the closed zone of Nassau harbour. The Pirate Artifacts The archaeologists discovered a charred wooden hull, still weighed down by a stone ballast pile. They also found swivel guns, pivot-mounted cannon, an iron cannon, and a pile of 25 lead musket balls. These finds are significant as they provide insight into the tactics and tools used by pirates during this era. The Significance of the Discovery The discoveries are exciting because, while a handful of pirate wrecks have been found between Mauritius and North Carolina, not one had previously been discovered in Nassau, 'the home port of the pirates of the Caribbean in the Bahamas'. The team also discovered rigging, glass bottles, and bricks from a ship's cooking galley, along with 143 clay tobacco pipes. The Future of Pirate Archaeology Dr. Sean Kingsley, a British marine archaeologist and the project's co-director, said: 'These finds are the tip of the iceberg. I was shocked at the unexpected survival of a wooden hull – ships were the key tool of pirate terror, after all. There could very well be dozens more shipwrecks in and around the harbour.'

A 68‑year‑old metal‑detecting enthusiast from Somerset has unearthed a rare gold Roman ring, prompting a £78,000 acquisition by the South West Heritage Trust and sparking new insights into late‑Roman life in southern England. The Unexpected Discovery of a Gold Roman Ring in Somerset While scanning a field near Ilminster, Kevin Minto initially thought he had found a coin, then a brooch, before realizing the object was an exquisitely crafted gold ring. Dating to around AD 297, the ring weighs 48 g and features an intaglio gemstone depicting the goddess Victoria in a two‑horse chariot. Location: fields near Ilminster, Somerset Discoverer: Kevin Minto, former soldier and lorry driver Companion find: a hoard of 297 Roman coins and other artefacts Initial reaction: “It was like being hit by an express train,” Minto recalled £78,000 Acquisition and the Economic Ripple for the Finders The South West Heritage Trust announced it had purchased the ring and the associated coin hoard for £78,000. The payment was split between the landowner and Minto, who shared his half with a fellow detectorist. The windfall allowed Minto to clear his mortgage and reduce his lorry‑driving schedule. Purchase price: £78,000 Mortgage paid off for Minto Reduced driving to four days a week, with a plan to cut to three Landowner received 50% of the proceeds Heritage Significance and What It Reveals About Late Roman Somerset Senior curator Amal Khreisheh described the ring as “unparalleled” for Britain, noting its large size, heavy gold content, and sophisticated intaglio work. The find suggests the presence of wealthy Romans—perhaps a governor, merchant, or large landowner—in the Ilminster area during a period of unrest (286‑296 AD). It also highlights important trade routes that passed through south Somerset. Rare combination of large gold mass and intricate gemstone engraving Potential ceremonial or high‑status personal use Provides clues to Roman economic activity and social hierarchy in the region Future Plans: Tours, Education, and Ongoing Research The ring will embark on a primary‑school tour this month and feature in an “Ilminster Ring Discovery Day” at the town’s art centre in August. Its permanent home will be the Museum of Somerset in Taunton. Further metallurgical analysis is planned to determine whether the gold was sourced locally or imported, and archaeologists hope to link the ring to the lead‑lined coffin found nearby. School‑tour itinerary across Somerset primary schools Permanent display at the Museum of Somerset Upcoming scientific analysis of gold composition and gemstone origin Potential excavation of related burial sites

The Rift Between Senegal's President and Former Prime Minister Senegal's President Bassirou Diomaye Faye has announced a new government featuring several members and allies of a party led by sacked prime minister and estranged ally Ousmane Sonko, who has pledged his group would not join it. Details of the New Government Faye's announcement came on Monday during a live television broadcast, less than two weeks after he fired Sonko, his former mentor, and dismissed the cabinet following disagreements, including over the troubled economy. Sonko was promptly elected speaker of parliament by allies in a vote boycotted by the opposition, deepening the political crisis in the West African country. Sonko said in a post on X that he met on Monday with Faye and that “points of disagreement” emerged on the future role of the Pastef party. Impact of the Political Rift Sonko remains the undisputed leader of Pastef, the party he founded in 2014 – to which Faye also belongs – and which controls 130 of the 165 seats in Senegal's only legislative body. Sonko would almost certainly have won the top job if he had not been barred from the presidential election due to a defamation conviction. The Future Outlook With his pan-Africanist rhetoric, Sonko had gained a following among young Senegalese after a power struggle with former President Macky Sall, who ruled from 2012 to 2024. Tensions began to surface in July when the outspoken Sonko accused Faye of a “failure of leadership” by not backing him up enough against his many critics.

The Urgent Wake-Up Call for Women's HealthcareBBC presenter Emma Barnett delivers a powerful and unflinching look at the realities of living with endometriosis in her new documentary, Fighting Endometriosis. The program moves beyond a mere medical overview, serving as a stark indictment of a healthcare system that routinely minimizes women's pain and underfunds critical research into debilitating conditions.Unmasking the Agony of a Hidden EpidemicThe documentary details the severe physical toll of the condition, where cells resembling the uterine lining grow elsewhere in the body, causing debilitating pain. Barnett highlights the inadequate treatment options currently available, which are largely limited to hormonal masking or invasive surgeries like hysterectomies. Through candid video diaries and interviews with other sufferers—such as a 26-year-old named Chloe who was forced to seek surgery abroad—Barnett exposes the daily struggle that belies her professional success.The £12.5 Billion Economic Toll of Medical MisogynyA critical revelation in the documentary is the staggering economic impact of the disease. While endometriosis is often deprioritized in research funding because it is not directly fatal, it costs the UK economy £12.5bn annually due to women being forced out of the workforce. Furthermore, the data reveals a systemic failure in diagnosis and care:1 in 10 women of reproductive age in the UK are affected by the condition.It takes an average of 9 years to receive a proper diagnosis in the UK.Sufferers are frequently misdiagnosed with conditions like appendicitis, IBS, or PMS.Confronting Politicians on Systemic Healthcare FailuresBarnett refuses to accept the status quo, directly confronting political figures like former Health Secretary Wes Streeting about the medical misogyny deeply rooted in society. The documentary argues that the minimization of women's pain—often dismissed by medical professionals due to its supposedly subjective nature—is no longer an acceptable excuse. By bringing these hidden struggles into the public eye, the film forces a conversation about accountability and the urgent need to reevaluate how female health issues are prioritized by policymakers.The Future of Endometriosis Research and AdvocacyWhile the documentary does not end on an overly optimistic note—acknowledging that millions remain in daily agony—it marks a crucial step forward in health advocacy. As high-profile figures like Barnett and Lena Dunham continue to articulate the severe realities of the condition, the medical establishment will face increasing pressure to innovate. The hope is that highlighting both the massive economic cost and the profound human suffering will finally shift policy priorities, leading to reduced diagnosis times and the development of targeted, curative treatments.

The Lead: A Modern Struggle with Classic LiteratureIn an era dominated by rapid-fire digital consumption, engaging with dense, classic literature has become an uphill battle. A recent reflection by a lifelong reader highlights a growing cultural phenomenon: despite a deep personal history with the classics, the modern brain—conditioned by screens and constant notifications—is struggling to process long-form, complex narratives.The Battle Against the Victorian BlockbusterSparked by The Guardian's list of the 100 best novels, the author attempted to rekindle his youth by diving into chunky Victorian classics. However, the attempt was met with frustration rather than nostalgia. The books that once captivated him now felt impenetrable.The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman by Laurence Sterne: Found to be verbose and infuriatingly digressive.Dracula by Bram Stoker: Entertaining initially, but ultimately derailed by the absurdity of its epistolary format and moralizing characters like Van Helsing.Our Mutual Friend by Charles Dickens: Despite a previous love for Dickens' pacing and humor, the 900-page narrative felt too heavy, leading to a loss of concentration and the urge to check football scores instead.The 15-Second Attention EconomyThis personal struggle is backed by alarming data regarding how we consume information today. The transition from the linear, monologic page to dynamic, ad-cluttered screens has fundamentally altered human cognition.Research by psychologist Gloria Mark indicates that screens compel us to constantly switch our attention toward new, shiny stimuli rather than focusing on content.Data from Chartbeat reveals a stark reality: one in three online readers spend less than 15 seconds on any given article.The Rise of Text Fatigue in the WorkplaceThe shift in reading habits is not merely a failure of willpower; it is a symptom of occupational and technological exhaustion. As more professionals occupy managerial roles, their days are spent drowning in emails, instant messages, and digital work tasks. According to University of Oxford professor Kate McLoughlin, while people are reading more than ever—consuming social media posts, blogs, and AI utterances—they are reading fewer books. This constant, shallow skimming has led to widespread text fatigue.Reclaiming the Page in a Screen-Dominated FutureIf three classic novels in a row end up abandoned, the issue is systemic rather than a flaw in the literature. The modern environment actively discourages the deep, sustained focus required by authors like George Eliot or Herman Melville. Moving forward, readers will need to be far more intentional about their media diets. Relearning how to read may require deliberate digital detoxes to rebuild the atrophied muscles of deep concentration, ensuring that the rich, complex works of the past do not become inaccessible artifacts of a bygone era.

A Critical Portrait of George MichaelIn 1998, George Michael was arrested for public lewdness in an LA lavatory, an incident that finally led the singer to publicly come out. The following day, Sathnam Sanghera found himself unable to leave his room at university: the doorway had been mockingly plastered with tabloid newspaper headlines – "ZIP ME UP BEFORE YOU GO-GO!" – by fellow students aware of his longstanding fandom. As a writer, Sanghera is best known for a series of award-winning books on the British empire, which he calls his "specialist subject". Judging by Tonight the Music Seems So Loud – not a biography so much as a miscellany, a set of themed essays that tend to digress in all kinds of intriguing directions – the life and work of one Georgios Panayiotou runs imperialism and its legacy a very close second.The Complex Legacy of a Pop IconIt is an unashamedly partisan book, although not an uncritical one. Sanghera is as alive to Michael's personal and professional failings (whether the naffness of some of his early work as one half of Wham! or his high-handed treatment of the duo's other half, Andrew Ridgeley) as he is in love with his artistic triumphs. These, of course, range from Careless Whisper and Wham!'s annually inescapable Last Christmas to the 1996 solo masterpiece Older, a peculiar and peculiarly effective cocktail of raw grief at the Aids-related death of his lover Anselmo Feleppa and unrepentant horniness.The Evolution of Critical ReceptionSanghera's love for his subject is evidently sharpened by the opprobrium of others. Indeed if the book has a flaw, it's that the author is old enough to remember an era when George Michael was deemed insufferably uncool by some arbiters of taste (incredibly, when Wham! performed at a 1984 benefit show for striking miners, the only mainstream pop act to show support for the cause, they were received stone-faced by the audience and savaged by the music press for their trouble), and thus has a tendency to underestimate how much both he and his music have been critically re-evaluated in the 21st century.The Artistic Journey of George MichaelHe says one of the spurs to write the book was his belief that "most truly popular music is not generally deemed worthy of serious analysis and George Michael's music most certainly is not". That might have been true once, but certainly not of late: when he died, this newspaper alone ran six features by critics analysing different aspects of his music. "He sang so exquisitely about the marrow of life, about the vital, corporeal things", wrote one, which definitely doesn't amount to taking George Michael insufficiently seriously.double quotation markEven as he skinned up in front of journalists and discussed his drug use and sex life, he was concealing the extent of the addictions that eventually killed himFamily Background and Cultural IdentitySanghera is very good on the climate of homophobia in the 80s, which might have given any gay public figure serious qualms about coming out, and fascinating on Michael's family background: how growing up embedded in north London's Greek Cypriot community impacted on everything from Wham!'s image – not camp, Sanghera suggests, but "the vision of two children of immigrants imagining a kind of glamour they had not actually experienced before" – to his work ethic and control freakery. His dad made good in England by working exceptionally hard, running such a tight ship at his restaurant that he summarily fired his only son for messing up the drinks orders. The fact that the same son went on to hire 12 different saxophonists before finding one that could play the solo on Careless Whisper to his satisfaction doesn't come as a huge surprise.The Perfectionist and Contradictory ArtistThis my-way-or-the-highway perfectionism could yield hugely impressive results – Careless Whisper's sax hook may well be the most famous in pop history – but it could equally lead to intransigence and self-sabotage. Michael worked incredibly hard to transform himself from a member of a teen pop band into a more adult-facing solo artist, but having sold a staggering 25m copies of his 1987 solo debut Faith, he refused to promote its follow-up Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1, or even make videos for its singles: a better album than its predecessor, it achieved only a fraction of its sales as a result. It was evidence of a deeply contradictory nature that occasionally has Sanghera throwing up his hands in bewilderment.The Public and Private Faces of George MichaelMichael was a polymath, keen to be duly credited as the sole singer, writer, producer and musician on a succession of tracks, but also had a weird habit of talking down his abilities, claiming he couldn't play instruments he was perfectly capable of playing. He was a Stakhanovite who increasingly worked at an agonisingly glacial pace, endlessly fussing over details, a state of affairs not much helped by his gargantuan appetite for marijuana: coupled with bouts of writers' block, it meant he released only six albums of original material in a career that lasted 34 years. He was a Labour voter, booster of the NHS and famously generous philanthropist who also engaged in tax avoidance. After being publicly outed, he became a notoriously frank interviewee ("as if nothing can embarrass him anymore" the Guardian's Simon Hattenstone suggested when he met him in 2009). But even as he skinned up in front of journalists and freely discussed his drug use and sex life, he was concealing the extent of the addictions that eventually killed him.The Decline and Final YearsMichael emerges as a messy, unpredictable but ultimately hugely likable figure, which makes the essay about his demise particularly tough reading. Listed starkly on the page, the facts of his final 10 years make it obvious that he was a deeply unwell man whose life had spun wildly out of control: drug busts, medical emergencies, visits to rehab, rumours of breakdowns and suicide bids and seven incidents in which he either crashed his car or was found comatose at the wheel.The Professional Mask of Personal StruggleThat it somehow didn't appear obvious at the time – that his death at 53 felt like a shock rather than a grim inevitability – seems remarkable, but as Sanghera points out, Michael's professionalism did a lot to paper over the cracks. He was always available to the media and always smart, funny and self-effacing: to use a modern turn of phrase, he controlled the narrative. He was punctilious about his appearance – the star certainly never looked like an ailing drug addict – and unfailingly superb onstage.The Hidden Realities Behind the FameBehind the scenes, it was a different story. He struggled to make new music: at one juncture he booked six months of recording sessions but never turned up to the studio once. His once-acute commercial instincts seemed to desert him: even Sanghera can't muster much enthusiasm for the handful of still-unreleased songs he completed in his final years. He cut off close friends and family who tried to intervene. No one who knew him seems to have been particularly surprised by his death: the list of adjectives used to describe him on his official website now includes not just "icon" "legend" "soul singer" and "philanthropist" but "addict" "repeat offender" and "depressive".An Imagined Alternative LegacyAs the book draws to a close, Sanghera offers a heartbreaking alternative history. He imagines Michael conquering his addictions, coming to a complete accommodation with his musical past (to the end of his life, he was dismissive of Wham!, describing their oeuvre as an exercise in "ignoring my own intelligence" and declining to play most of their hits live) and headlining Glastonbury, "getting pleasure from the audience reaction to Club Tropicana".The Enduring Power of George Michael's MusicIt's affecting because you can imagine it so vividly: the endless succession of hits that anyone with even a passing interest in pop music knows, the pandemonium in the crowd when he breaks out Careless Whisper, the encore of Freedom '90. You don't have to be a fan on Sanghera's level to understand what a triumph it would have been. Tonight the Music Seems So Loud: The Meaning of George Michael by Sathnam Sanghera is published by Picador (£22). To support the Guardian, buy a copy at guardianbookshop.com. Delivery charges may apply.

The Unexpected Bloom in the LawnWhen moving to a new residence, the author discovered that leaving the lawn uncut was not just a matter of self-control but a necessity. This ecological restraint, similar to the 'No Mow May' campaign, allowed the garden to express itself naturally. The highlight of this botanical exploration was the discovery of the Spotted Orchid (Dactylorhiza fuchsii), the most widespread of the UK's 54 orchid species.Population Growth and ObservationInitial Discovery: The first year yielded a single slender pink spike among the green swathe.Current Count: Through systematic searching and marking locations with sticks, the count has risen to 27 plants this year.Visual Impact: The discovery of the lance-like, black-blotched leaves felt like finding something animate, reinforcing the orchid's reputation for mystery.The Subterranean Life CycleThe orchid's reputation for mystery is well-founded, as its life is largely defined by a prolonged, hidden existence. Unlike most plants, orchid seeds are microscopic and lack the food reserves required for germination. Instead, they rely on a mutualistic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi, which infect the seed and provide necessary nutrients.The plant derives its name from the Greek word órchis, meaning 'testicle,' referring to the globular root structure that develops underground. This underground store may take several years to accumulate sufficient energy before a shoot finally erupts above ground, explaining the unpredictability of their sudden appearance.The Future of Ecological GardeningThe observation of such rapid growth in a previously uncut lawn suggests that ecological restraint is a powerful tool for biodiversity. By allowing nature to dictate the pace and pattern of the garden, homeowners can inadvertently create habitats that support complex underground ecosystems, revealing a hidden world of flora that would otherwise remain unseen.

Introduction: Alphabet to Raise $80bn for AI Spending Alphabet, Google's parent company, has announced plans to raise up to $80bn in equity to fund its vast AI infrastructure investments. This move is one of the largest equity raisings ever and includes a $10bn share sale to investment giant Berkshire Hathaway. The AI Investment Strategy Alphabet, whose Gemini AI system has been growing its share of the AI chatbot market, says it will use the money to expand its “world-class AI compute infrastructure to meet its unprecedented customer demand.” The company stated: AI is driving an expansionary moment for Alphabet. The company is experiencing strong demand for its AI solutions and services from enterprises and consumers, at levels that are exceeding the company’s available supply. By scaling its investments, the company seeks to expand its foundational infrastructure to support the significant growth opportunity ahead. The Financial Implications However, such a huge fundraising also serves as a warning to the markets that, despite the many billions of dollars thrown at AI infrastructure, meaningful returns are limited. Jim Reid, market strategist at Deutsche Bank, noted: “Funding of the AI capex boom is becoming an increasingly key topic for markets.” The Berkshire Hathaway Partnership The decision to tap Berkshire Hathaway is eye-catching, given the company's history of providing crucial funding to companies in need. Under Warren Buffett, Berkshire made a habit of stepping in to provide important, and lucrative, funding for companies who really needed cash, such as the famous $5bn investment into Goldman Sachs at the height of the financial crisis. The Competitive Landscape Alphabet is also tapping investors before some of its largest AI rivals attempt to join the stock market. Yesterday, Anthropic, which makes the Claude chatbot, said it had filed confidentially for an initial public offering on the US stock market. Anthropic is now valued at $965bn after raising $65bn in funding, making it the world’s most valuable startup.

Mayor Khan’s Commitment to Override Soho Society’s Licensing Ban London’s mayor, Sadiq Khan, said he will "call in" and overturn licensing decisions that hinder the city’s night‑time economy. The Soho Society, a residents’ group founded in 1972, voted to challenge every new licence application for pubs and restaurants in the district, including renewals and extensions beyond the council’s "core hours" that end at 11 pm. New Licensing Powers Set to Shift Control from Local Councils Under powers granted by the central government and due to take effect later this year, the mayor can intervene in licensing matters deemed of "strategic importance" to the night‑time economy. This authority allows him to "call in" applications and reverse local council refusals, effectively centralising decision‑making for venues in key entertainment zones. Power to overturn local council licensing refusals. Ability to extend operating hours beyond the current 11 pm limit. Potential to support alfresco dining initiatives previously halted after the pandemic. Nightlife Footfall Trends Highlight Economic Pressure Recent reports indicate a decline in footfall for London’s night‑time venues, with several establishments closing in recent years. While exact figures were not disclosed, industry observers note a steady erosion of patronage that threatens the city’s reputation as a global entertainment hub. Implications for Soho’s Night‑time Economy and Urban Planning The clash pits the mayor’s growth‑oriented agenda against the Soho Society’s concerns about noise, crime, and insufficient infrastructure. Residents argue that intensified nightlife has outpaced upgrades to public services, while hospitality owners warn that the blanket opposition could "destroy Soho’s reputation on the international stage". What the New Powers Could Mean for London’s Late‑Night Scene If exercised, the mayor’s authority may lead to: Extended opening hours for bars and restaurants, boosting revenue for the night‑time economy. Increased alfresco dining options during summer months. Potential push‑back from community groups demanding stronger noise‑abatement and safety measures. Stakeholders anticipate a period of negotiation as the city balances economic revitalisation with quality‑of‑life concerns for local residents.