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The LeadThe New York Times has revealed that Israel constructed two covert military outposts in Iraq's western desert in advance of the US-Israel war on Iran. This revelation comes amid escalating tensions between the three nations and has significant implications for Middle East geopolitics.The Covert Military OperationsAccording to the report, Israeli forces had been preparing to establish one of the makeshift sites since late 2024. The bases were reportedly located in Iraq's western desert near the border with Saudi Arabia. One base was established shortly before the war began and operated with the knowledge of the United States, housing Israeli special forces and serving as a logistical hub for air operations, including search-and-rescue capabilities for downed pilots.Israeli forces reportedly launched attacks from the base against Iraqi units that came close to discovering the site in early March. Open-source analysts identified the suspected location using satellite imagery, confirming the presence of Israeli military infrastructure in Iraqi territory.Regional Responses and DenialsIraqi officials have publicly denied authorizing any foreign military presence in the area. Lieutenant-General Qais al-Muhammadawi, Iraq's deputy commander of joint operations, stated that authorities had received reports of 'individuals or movement' in the Najaf desert near Karbala, about 100km southwest of Baghdad.However, Baghdad reportedly privately lodged a protest with Washington in late March over suspected covert military activity, calling it a violation of Iraqi sovereignty. Despite these reports, a senior Iraqi security official again denied that Israel had established a military base in the desert when speaking to Turkiye's Anadolu news agency.Geopolitical ImplicationsThe reports add to months of conflicting accounts over alleged Israeli activity inside Iraq and come as Iraq faces growing pressure amid escalating tensions between the US, Israel and Iran. Washington has repeatedly urged Baghdad to curb the influence of Iran-backed armed groups operating in Iraq.In March, US forces carried out strikes against the Popular Mobilisation Forces after attacks on a US diplomatic and logistics facility near Baghdad airport. Iran has also raised concerns over the allegations, with Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Esmaeil Baghaei stating that Tehran would raise the issue with Iraqi authorities and accusing Israel of seeking to destabilize the region.Future OutlookThe revelation of Israeli military bases in Iraq further complicates an already volatile regional situation. As the conflict with Iran continues, the presence of foreign military forces in Iraq without Baghdad's authorization risks escalating tensions and destabilizing the region further.The international community, particularly the United States, faces increasing pressure to address these covert operations and their implications for regional stability. The situation highlights the complex web of alliances and conflicts that characterize Middle East politics and the challenges of maintaining sovereignty in the face of powerful external interests.

The Weekend's Football Action: Key Talking PointsThe latest round of Premier League matches and the FA Cup final provided plenty of talking points for football fans, from Manchester City's cup triumph to Liverpool's injury concerns and the ongoing VAR controversies that continue to divide opinion.Shaw's World Cup Hopes After Impressive SeasonLuke Shaw's first goal in over three years for Manchester United was a further reminder of the left-back's capabilities. This has been his best season at Old Trafford having featured in all 37 league games thus far, leaving his injury-prone past forgotten. Considering Shaw's experience and quality, he should be considered for a spot at the World Cup. Thomas Tuchel does not have a vast array of riches in the position and Shaw's consistency has been key to Michael Carrick's turnaround at Old Trafford. "He deserves to go," said Carrick after the win against Nottingham Forest. "His consistency, his performances, his experience, his qualities. He's an excellent full-back." Nico O'Reilly is the current first choice for England and he has a very different profile from Shaw, having converted from playing as a central midfielder under Pep Guardiola. Tuchel may want to take Shaw to provide variety and reliability, which would be a sensible approach.VAR Controversy Continues to Plague the GameAnother weekend of football brought another VAR controversy, this time at Old Trafford. Let's get this out of the way, it was handball. In a game with more on the line this latest VAR aberration would be hoisted up by abolitionists as another egregious example of why football is no better for the involvement of Stockley Park. "I think we need to have a meeting together to understand when it is a handball," said a measured Vítor Pereira post-match. We need a meeting to understand what good process is. Accidental handball was the final ruling; not sure that matters when it leads to a goal, but whatever. From the original incorrect decision to award the goal, it took the VAR three minutes to look at the ball clearly striking Bryan Mbeumo's hand, then another 60 seconds for the referee, Michael Salisbury, to go over to the screen and look at it again, only to ignore the referral and decide he was right the first time. That is far too long to make the wrong call. Pereira neatly summed it up with another damning understatement: "A lot of the time we don't understand the decisions."West Ham's Fight Against RelegationWhile it was hard to argue with Nuno Espírito Santo's assessment that West Ham had "a bad performance and a bad day" at St James' Park, his team are not Championship-bound just yet. Tottenham only need a point against Chelsea on Tuesday to effectively ensure their survival owing to their far superior goal difference, but they last took a point at Stamford Bridge four years ago. Their record against Chelsea is not reassuring: they have lost their past five meetings on the bounce by an aggregate scoreline of 12-4, with eight defeats from their last 10. Chelsea's players will have the added motivation of auditioning for the newly appointed Xabi Alonso, not that they need another reason to make their opponents' lives miserable. It could still easily come down to the final day, when Spurs face another difficult fixture against Everton. Nuno can only grit his teeth, hope Chelsea do his side a favour and, assuming Spurs's horrible run in west London continues, rally his troops for a desperate last stand against Leeds.Liverpool's Injury Woes ContinueAston Villa's season high represented another sobering low for Liverpool. Arne Slot's side failed to hurt Villa and were weak in defence, leaking two more goals at set pieces. Liverpool were without nine first-team players, including Alexander Isak, their £125m marquee signing who was not risked with a minor problem but could return against Brentford on the last day. Isak's season has been symptomatic of Liverpool's struggles. Is it just bad fortune or have Slot and his side simply underperformed? The truth is probably somewhere in the middle. "I don't think it could come to anyone as a surprise that if you miss your pre-season and then break your leg that minor injuries can occur if you then start into Premier League games in that intensity," Slot said. "Just a bit of bad luck for him that in a moment of time he comes back, then Hugo [Ekitiké] gets injured and we need him more."Guardiola's Warning Against ComplacencyAfter Saturday's FA Cup triumph over Chelsea, the 17th major trophy of Pep Guardiola's decade leading Manchester City, he reminded his players to never be complacent. "The most important thing is that [winning] trophies is good. Know what it takes to compete and win but don't take it for granted," the City manager said. "You start to believe that you are special, you will not win the FA Cup. Special we are not. The moment that we think [that], we will not be in these places. That is one of the things that through the years, we were OK with: knowing how difficult it is to win."Chelsea's Wembley Woes ContinueChelsea's dressing room and boardroom have been in a constant state of flux since Todd Boehly's BlueCo bought the club in 2022, but one thing has remained the same: they have a dire recent record in cup finals at Wembley. In the first decade after the stadium reopened in 2007, Chelsea won five of their six cup finals under the arch. Saturday's 1-0 defeat to Manchester City was their eighth loss in nine finals since 2017. Scoring goals at Wembley has also proven hard going, particularly since the departure of Didier Drogba (five goals in his five Wembley cup final starts). Christian Pulisic was the last Chelsea player to score in a domestic cup final, against Arsenal in front of empty stands in 2020. That's five finals in a row without a goal. It is a dry spell that can be tied to a young squad's relative lack of experience, but that argument does not stand up if you take into account the seven goals fired in against Paris Saint-Germain and Real Betis in the Club World Cup and Conference League finals just last year. Xabi Alonso is unlikely to have European football to play with next season, putting even more emphasis on Chelsea ending their Wembley drought and filling their silverware quota in domestic competitions.What's Next in the Premier League RaceWith the season drawing to a close, several key fixtures remain that could determine the final standings. Tottenham's survival hopes hinge on their match against Chelsea, while Liverpool will be hoping to end their injury-hit season on a positive note against Brentford. Manchester City, meanwhile, will be looking to build on their cup success as they continue their pursuit of more silverware in the final weeks of the season.

The Resurgence of ISWAP and Boko Haram The killing of Abu-Bilal al-Minuki, the second-in-command of ISIL (ISIS), by United States and Nigerian forces marks a notable achievement for counterterrorism. Yet for analysts observing the Lake Chad Basin, it highlights how persistent and complex insecurity in the region has become. Borders, Weak Governance, and Violence Spike Al-Minuki, a Nigerian national from Borno State, was operating out of a compound near Lake Chad, at the centre of one of the world’s most active armed group theatres. His choice of northeastern Nigeria as a base underscores the conditions driving a renewed surge of violence by both the ISIL affiliate in West Africa Province (ISWAP) and its rival, Jama’at Ahl al-Sunna li al-Da’wa wa al-Jihad (JAS), more widely known as Boko Haram. The Data Analysis 2.9 million internally displaced people in the region, including 2.3 million in Nigeria. 1,827 schools across the Lake Chad Basin have been closed due to violence. Humanitarian actors received just 19 percent of the funding required for 2025. The Impact Analysis Perhaps equally significant is the parallel resurgence of Boko Haram, which quietly rebuilt itself while security agencies primarily focused on the more dominant ISWAP. “While regional forces focused on countering ISWAP’s threats, partly due to the group’s advanced drone capabilities, Boko Haram appears to have taken advantage of the relative attention on its rival to regroup,” Nimi Princewill, a security expert in the Sahel, told Al Jazeera. The Prediction “ISWAP and Boko Haram’s recent resurgence reflects not simply a military setback, but a deepening governance vacuum across the Lake Chad Basin,” Abiola Sadiq, a security consultant, told Al Jazeera. “With Nigeria’s 2027 general elections approaching, these groups are highly likely to intensify their operations, potentially extending attacks beyond their traditional strongholds in the Lake Chad Basin and northeastern Nigeria,” said Sadiq.

Iran's Defence Training Initiative Iranian civilians are receiving defence training, according to reports from Al Jazeera. The training is aimed at enhancing the defensive capabilities of ordinary citizens. The Training Program The specifics of the training program are not detailed, but it is believed to include instruction in self-defence, emergency response, and possibly military tactics. Regional Implications This development could have significant implications for regional security, potentially altering the balance of power in the area. International Reactions The international community is likely to closely monitor this situation, given the potential for increased tensions. Future Outlook The future of Iran's defence training initiative and its impact on regional dynamics remains to be seen.

The Lead This year's International Booker prize shortlisted titles are a diverse bunch, both geographically – from Brazil to Taiwan – and in style, from mainstream blockbuster to experimental jeu d'esprit. As in recent years, independent presses are rewarded for their efforts in promoting translated fiction, providing four of the six titles. The Shortlisted Titles The shortlist includes: The Nights Are Quiet in Tehran by Shida Bazyar, translated by Ruth Martin (Scribe) The Witch by Marie NDiaye, translated by Jordan Stump (Vintage) On Earth As It Is Beneath by Ana Paula Maia, translated by Padma Viswanathan (Charco) She Who Remains by Rene Karabash, translated by Izidora Angel (Peirene) Red Sorghum by Yáng Shuāg-zi, translated by Howard Goldblatt (Penguin) Small Boat by Guo Xi, translated by Luo Yue (Tordotcom Publishing) The Contenders Each of the novels has its strengths and weaknesses. The Nights Are Quiet in Tehran is a timely novel with depth and empathy. The Witch is an accessible but surprising novel that raises knotty questions about how we make use of our capabilities. On Earth As It Is Beneath is an eccentric but very deserving contender with an effervescent energy. She Who Remains is a formally inventive book with a spiky and challenging story. The Winner Announcement The winner of the International Booker Prize will be announced on May 19.

The Growing Threat of Infectious Diseases on Cruise ShipsRecent outbreaks on cruise ships, including the MV Hondius with its hantavirus cases and multiple norovirus incidents, highlight the persistent challenge of infectious disease control in these unique environments. The Diamond Princess became a notorious example in 2020, with over 700 of 3,711 passengers testing positive for Covid-19 during a two-week quarantine off Japan's coast.Engineering Limitations in Disease PreventionCruise ships face inherent structural constraints that limit infection control capabilities. According to Dr. Charlotte Hammer, an infectious diseases epidemiologist at the University of Cambridge, "You're not going to have high ceilings on a boat. You are not going to have the airflow of two open windows, just because most cabins do not have windows." The limited space also prevents having multiple backup kitchens, creating single points of failure in food preparation. Dr. Vikram Niranjan describes ships as "efficient mixing chambers" where shared serving utensils and frequently touched surfaces facilitate disease transmission.The Economic and Operational Impact of OutbreaksDisease outbreaks on cruise ships have significant consequences beyond public health concerns. The MV Hondirus outbreak resulted in passenger deaths and required emergency medical intervention, while the Diamond Princess quarantine demonstrated how quickly a single outbreak can halt operations. These incidents lead to financial losses, reputational damage, and increased operational costs as companies implement enhanced safety measures. The cruise industry has invested in improved ventilation systems and medical facilities, but these upgrades come with substantial costs and cannot eliminate all risks.Changing Industry Standards and Passenger ExpectationsThe frequency of outbreaks has prompted the cruise industry to reassess its approach to infectious disease management. Larger cruise ships are now considering better training for medical staff in epidemiology and outbreak response. Passengers' expectations have also evolved, with increased awareness of health risks and demand for transparency about safety protocols. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued specific guidance for cruise ship travelers, emphasizing precautions such as not boarding if unwell, regular handwashing, vaccination, and having travel insurance.Future Outlook for Cruise Ship SafetyExperts suggest that while complete elimination of disease risks on cruise ships is unlikely, several innovations could improve safety. Dr. Niranjan proposes collapsible isolation cabins that could be deployed during emergencies. Professor Heymann advocates for enhanced medical training for ship doctors to better recognize and respond to outbreaks. However, Dr. Hammer notes that many fundamental changes would compromise the cruise experience itself: "You can make it not move any more – but that sort of defeats the point." The future likely involves a balance between enhanced safety measures and maintaining the unique appeal of cruise travel.

The LeadTwo legendary Nepali Sherpa climbers have once again pushed the boundaries of human endurance on Mount Everest, breaking their own records in what officials describe as another milestone in Nepal's mountaineering history. Kami Rita Sherpa, known as the "Everest Man," has now scaled the world's highest peak 32 times, while Lhakpa Sherpa, the "Mountain Queen," has set a new women's record with her 11th summit.The Record-Breaking AscentsKami Rita Sherpa, 56, first conquered Everest in 1994 while working as a guide for a commercial expedition. Since then, he has made the climb almost every year, sometimes achieving two summits in a single season. His latest achievement surpasses his own record set just last year.Lhakpa Sherpa, 52, made history in 2000 when she became the first Nepali woman to successfully summit and descend Everest. Her 11th summit further solidifies her position as one of the most accomplished female mountaineers in history."This is another milestone in Nepal's mountaineering history," said Himal Gautam, spokesperson for Nepal's Tourism Department. "Their record gives greater excitement to other climbers. By breaking records through healthy competition on Everest will help make climbing safer, more dignified and better managed."Mountaineering in NepalThe achievements of these Sherpa climbers highlight the growing significance of mountaineering as both a sport and a business in Nepal. Kami Rita was born in the same Thame village in Solukhumbu district as Tenzing Norgay, who with Edmund Hillary was the first to climb Everest in 1953.Since that historic first ascent, a climbing boom has transformed mountaineering into a lucrative industry for Nepal. This year, the country issued a record 492 Everest permits for the March-May climbing season. More than 8,000 people have climbed the mountain since Hillary and Norgay's expedition, many of them multiple times.Among non-Sherpa climbers, the record is held by British guide Kenton Cool with 19 ascents, followed by American climbers Dave Hahn and Garrett Madison with 15 climbs each. Notably, Cool and Madison are currently attempting to improve their own records.The Future of EverestThe high numbers of climbers and their Sherpa guides heading for the summit have rekindled concerns about overcrowding on the mountain, especially if poor weather shortens the climbing window. Despite these challenges, the record-breaking achievements continue to inspire and draw attention to the extraordinary capabilities of Sherpa climbers who have long been the backbone of Himalayan expeditions.While Kami Rita has previously stated he was "just working" and not specifically aiming to set records, his consistent achievements have elevated him to legendary status in the mountaineering community. As the popularity of Everest continues to grow, the records set by these exceptional athletes may continue to be broken, but their contributions to the sport and to Nepal's tourism industry remain unparalleled.

After a week‑long outage that crippled Canvas for millions of students worldwide, Instructure announced it had reached an agreement with the ransomware group ShinyHunters. While the company stopped short of confirming a payment, the deal raises fresh questions about the wisdom of paying extortionists to protect sensitive educational data. Instructure’s Agreement with ShinyHunters: What Actually Happened The attack began when the group exploited a vulnerability in Instructure’s “Free for Teacher” software, allowing them to deface login pages at institutions such as the University of Texas San Antonio. ShinyHunters threatened to leak 3.6 TB of data – student IDs, emails, names and messages from 9,000 schools and roughly 275 million students and staff – unless a ransom was paid. Instructure later said the stolen data had been “returned” and that it received “digital confirmation of data destruction” via shred logs, but it did not explicitly confirm a payment. Financial Stakes: Ransom Demands, Potential Payments, and Industry Benchmarks ShinyHunters initially demanded $10 million in ransom. Australian ransomware surveys show the average payment fell to $711,000 in 2025, down from $1.35 million the year before. According to a McGrathNicol report, 64 % of surveyed Australian firms had paid a ransom, and 81 % said they would be willing to do so. As of January 2026, 75 Australian businesses with turnovers of at least $3 million had paid ransoms, though the total amount remains undisclosed. Cyber‑security experts estimate that Instructure’s payout – if any – could be anywhere up to the $10 million demand, potentially reduced through negotiation. Policy and Business Implications: Why Paying Ransom Remains Controversial Governments in the UK, US and Australia advise against paying ransoms, arguing that non‑payment reduces the attractiveness of ransomware as a crime vector. In Australia, paying a designated attacker could breach the autonomous cyber‑sanctions law, exposing firms to prosecution on a case‑by‑case basis. Critics also note that payment does not guarantee data will not be leaked; attackers may still copy or sell the information after receiving money. Experts such as Darren Hopkins (McGrathNicol) and Luke Irwin (Aegis Cybersecurity) stress the “trust factor” – criminals must appear honest to receive payment, yet they remain untrustworthy. This paradox fuels boardroom debates about risk‑driven decision‑making versus investing in prevention and incident response capabilities. Looking Ahead: How Companies May Navigate Future Extortion Threats The Canvas case underscores the need for stronger cyber‑resilience strategies: regular vulnerability patching, robust backup architectures, and clear ransomware response playbooks. Insurers are tightening coverage terms, often requiring demonstrable mitigation measures before honoring ransom claims. Policymakers may also tighten reporting obligations and consider clearer prohibitions on ransom payments, especially for critical‑infrastructure providers like education platforms. Ultimately, firms will have to balance the immediate pressure to restore services against the long‑term cost of incentivising criminal enterprises. As ransomware groups refine their extortion tactics, the industry’s collective stance on paying – or refusing – will shape the next wave of cyber‑crime economics.

OpenAI co‑founder and president Greg Brockman is now overseeing product strategy on an interim basis, as Fidji Simo remains on medical leave. The move, reported by Wired, includes a plan to merge ChatGPT and its programming tool Codex into a single experience. Greg Brockman Assumes Interim Product‑Strategy Role Announcement made via internal staff memo, cited by Wired. Brockman will direct product decisions while Simo is on leave. Interim role follows a series of leadership reshuffles at OpenAI. Brockman’s Plan to Consolidate ChatGPT and Codex The memo outlines a “unified experience” that brings together the conversational strengths of ChatGPT with the code‑generation capabilities of Codex. The goal, according to Brockman, is to “execute with maximum focus toward the agentic future, to win across both consumer and enterprise.” Financial Implications Remain Unclear No specific revenue or cost figures were disclosed. Analysts note that a combined product could streamline R&D spend and potentially accelerate monetization pathways, but the impact on OpenAI’s valuation will depend on market adoption and pricing strategy. Strategic Shift Signals OpenAI’s Push Toward an AI Super‑App Since CEO Sam Altman declared a “code red” last year, OpenAI has paused side projects such as the video generator Sora and the OpenAI for Science initiative. Consolidating core products aligns with the company’s stated ambition to build an AI “super app” that serves both consumer and enterprise users. What the Next Months May Hold for OpenAI’s Product Roadmap Industry observers expect a beta rollout of the integrated ChatGPT‑Codex platform within the next quarter, followed by broader enterprise licensing. Continued medical leave for Simo could keep Brockman in the strategic driver’s seat, potentially shaping OpenAI’s long‑term product architecture.