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The Threat to Ocean Monitoring The Trump administration's plan to dismantle an ocean observation system vital to understanding the climate crisis and marine ecosystems would “severely degrade” the accuracy of weather predictions and El Niño forecasts, with economic consequences for the US, European and American scientists have warned. The Ocean Observatories Initiative The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI), run by the US National Science Foundation, is a vast network of seafloor systems, underwater gliders and moored surface platforms that feeds data to researchers, policymakers, educators and mariners worldwide. The initiative, which covers both US coastlines and extends into the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean, has been used to study marine heatwaves, harmful algal blooms, subduction zone earthquakes, ocean acidification and fisheries variability. The Data Analysis Decommissioning the US system, which plays a major part in a global ocean observation network, would lead to a massive increase in error in the annual estimates of ocean heating rates, according to research published last month. Removing US observations alone would produce a 163% increase in error for annual ocean heating rates. The Impact Analysis The loss of US observations, in a year predicted to be an El Niño year, with “supercharged” weather extremes, could also “lose the ability to see it coming clearly to act in time”. The stakes are concrete: farmers in the US and across South America use El Niño forecasts to decide what to plant and when – whether to expect drought or flooding shapes every agricultural decision months in advance. The Prediction “The US government wants to save less than a billion in sensors, which are the eyes and ears of the ocean” said Abrahams. “We have hundreds of billions in climate costs per year. The cost of the observation system is a fraction of the climate costs from hurricanes and storms that hit the US. ” The system, is, Abraham said is “quite an inexpensive way to reduce climate-related costs”.

The LeadThis week's top picks for TV include a mix of classic films and recent releases. From Pixar's latest to classic Hammer horrors, there's something for everyone. Pick of the Week: Hoppers“We’re all in this together.” It may seem an obvious eco message to be pushing at the kids who will flock to watch the latest Pixar animation. But when it’s done as charmingly as in Daniel Chong’s sci-fi comedy adventure, you’d be hard-pressed not to cheer along with the film’s endangered animals. Mabel (voiced by Piper Curda) is our teenage human guide to a biodiverse nook of woods and water near Beaverton. But when a proposed freeway causes the wildlife to scatter, she “hops” her mind into a robotic beaver (invented by her biology teacher) so she can track them down and save their glade. Crammed with neat gags, relatable villains and a shark assassin named Diane, it’s cute propaganda. Out now, Disney+ The Curse of FrankensteinThe first in what would be a distinguished line of colourful “Hammer horrors”, Terence Fisher’s 1957 adaptation of Mary Shelley’s novel still packs a punch. Unable to copy the pathos-tinged Boris Karloff look, the film-makers fashioned a creature with a grey, clammy pallor and irredeembly violent tendencies. He doesn’t even turn up until halfway, but luckily Peter Cushing – in his first movie starring role – commands the screen as the hubristic Baron Frankenstein, a monomaniac diving gleefully off the ethical deep end. Saturday 6 June, 9.05pm, Talking Pictures TV VermiglioThe simple, traditional life of an Italian mountain community butts up against the frictions exposed by the second world war in Maura Delpero’s sensitive, beautiful drama. Tommaso Ragno wields his forbidding white moustache well as local teacher, and father of eight, Cesare. He is harbouring two army deserters: his nephew and the lad’s Sicilian friend Pietro. But then his eldest daughter Lucia falls for Pietro, disturbing the family’s balance of power and stress-testing parental and gender norms to the brink of collapse. Saturday 6 June, 9.20pm, BBC Four The Beautiful GameFor better or worse, out come the footie films for the World Cup. Thea Sharrock’s quirky comedy is one of the niftier ones. Based on a true story, it revolves round the Homeless World Cup. Bill Nighy is his usual wryly comic self as Mal, the manager of the England squad – young men all with tragic backstories – as they head to the tournament in Rome. Mal’s secret weapon is Vinny (Micheal Ward), who nearly made it as a pro but is now a bundle of resentment. The social issues are only touched on, but the “no I in team” moral is loud and clear. Sunday 7 June, 3.35pm, Channel 4 NomadlandChloé Zhao’s moving 2020 drama is one of those rare Oscar winners that feels like an instant classic. It is a portrait of America’s “nomads” – mostly middle-aged loners whose home is their RVs, as they seek out seasonal work and form temporary communities. Acting among an array of real-life travellers, Frances McDormand is a case study in less is more as widow Fern, who heads out into the wide vistas of her nation to discover if this is a meaningful life or merely existing. Sunday 7 June, 1am, Channel 4 The ChoralTODO

Study Reveals Wildfire Smoke Reverses Ozone Progress Since 2015The research team, led by Weizhi Deng and colleagues, analyzed satellite data, EPA monitoring records, and meteorological inputs with deep‑learning models. They discovered that the United States shifted from a decline of 0.65 ppb per year in ground‑level ozone before 2015 to an increase of 0.13 ppb per year afterward, effectively erasing a decade of air‑quality gains.Quantifying the Ozone Trend Reversal and Associated MortalityOzone trend change: from -0.65 ppb/yr to +0.13 ppb/yr after 2015.Estimated excess premature deaths: 318 deaths per year in the U.S. since 2013.Global projections: up to 1.4 million annual deaths worldwide by 2100 if wildfire emissions continue unchecked.U.S. forecast: > 70,000 premature deaths per year by 2050 at current fire rates.Implications for US Air Quality Policy and Public HealthThe findings expose a critical gap in current regulatory strategies that focus on reducing anthropogenic ozone precursors from cars, refineries, and industry. Even as those emissions fall, wildfire‑derived carbon monoxide and other gases fuel ozone formation, causing surface ozone levels to plateau. With EPA monitoring stations covering only about 2% of continental U.S. land, the study underscores the need for broader observation networks and integrated climate‑fire‑air‑quality policies.Future Outlook: Climate‑Driven Fires Threaten Air Quality GainsContinued global warming is expected to intensify fire frequency and severity, especially in the western United States and Canada. Mitigation measures—both climate‑change mitigation and proactive fire‑prevention—are essential to restore the downward trajectory of ozone and protect public health. Without decisive action, the United States risks losing decades of progress in air‑quality standards and facing escalating health costs linked to ozone and particulate‑matter exposure.

The Week's Ecological Highlights This week, the natural world provided a fascinating glimpse into animal behavior and breeding success. From the relaxed demeanor of coastal mammals to the delicate hatching of raptors and the genetic rarity of primate births, these events serve as vital indicators of ecosystem health. Three Stories of Nature's Resilience The Lazy Sea Lion: A coastal observation highlighted a sea lion exhibiting unusually relaxed behavior, suggesting a period of rest or a shift in hunting strategies amidst changing environmental conditions. Baby Ospreys: The hatching of baby ospreys marks a successful breeding season for these raptors, signaling a healthy population in their chosen nesting grounds. Rare Lemur Quads: The birth of four lemur quadruplets is a statistically significant event, as multi-births are uncommon in this species, pointing to a successful breeding cycle. Significance of Rare Sightings The observation of rare lemur quadruplets is particularly noteworthy for conservationists. Typically, lemur births are singletons or twins; a litter of four represents a significant reproductive success. This event provides critical data for researchers studying primate population dynamics and genetic diversity. Implications for Conservation Efforts These sightings, widely reported by outlets like The Guardian, reinforce the importance of habitat preservation. The successful nesting of ospreys and the healthy birth rates of lemurs suggest that current conservation measures are effective in maintaining biodiversity. These moments of human-wildlife coexistence remind us of the fragility and resilience of the natural world. Outlook for Wildlife Monitoring As technology advances, the frequency of such detailed wildlife observations is expected to increase. We can predict a rise in citizen science initiatives and remote monitoring, allowing for more frequent documentation of rare events like lemur quadruplets and unique behavioral shifts in species like the sea lion.

The Drive to Get Young Neets into the Military Young people looking for employment should “really seriously take a look at the armed forces”, according to the veterans minister, Louise Sandher-Jones. With more than 1 million 16 to 24-year-olds not in education, employment, or training (Neets), everyone that age is aware of how bleak the job market is at present. But not all agree about whether the military is the answer. Personal Experience with the Military Alexandra Williams is from rural Lincolnshire and studied law at a university in Manchester. She went in with the intention of becoming a lawyer, but early on was led to believe that would be impossible. “One of my lecturers was like: you’ve got no contacts, you’re not going to get anywhere,” she says. Looking for opportunities, she joined the local University Officer Training Corps, an army reserve unit that exclusively recruits university students. Criticisms of the Military Recruitment Drive However, various peace organizations have expressed concern that the military is preying upon young people with fewer and fewer options available to them. Emma Sangster is a coordinator at Forces Watch, an organisation that campaigns against militarism in civil society. It is one of 13 peace groups that recently petitioned ministers to rule out conscription, a threat that for the first time in generations seems “very real”. The Data Behind the Recruitment Drive The Ministry of Defence pledged £70m to expand the Cadet Force by 30%; this February it announced it would place military personnel in jobcentres to recruit for the army, aiming for tens of thousands of new recruits. However, Jim Wyke from the Child Rights International Network said the idea that army recruitment – approximately 10,000 under-25s every year – could make a dent to youth Neet figures was “ludicrous”. The Impact on Youth Unemployment In fact, he says, in the under-18 category, recruitment to the army is a net generator of Neets, because the drop-out rate is so high – about 30% in 2022-23 – at the Army Foundation College in Harrogate, where junior soldiers train, compared with 6-15% for under-18s in different types of civilian further education. The Future of Youth Employment Will O’Donnell, a final year SOAS student studying politics and international relations, agrees. In light of how “cooked” his generation is, with fewer than 10,000 graduate jobs available for close to a million university leavers, he says army recruitment “doesn’t plug the gap at all”. “Seeing our friends in the years above struggle in the job market, there is a real sense of doom and gloom about where our career prospects lie. This is a much bigger problem than simply telling people to join the military”.

GLP‑1 Medications Show Promise in Reducing Breast Cancer IncidenceRecent analyses presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting in Chicago suggest that patients using GLP‑1 receptor agonists—a class of weight‑loss drugs—experienced a 30% lower likelihood of being diagnosed with breast cancer compared with non‑users.Study cohort: 110,000 women aged 45‑80.Risk reduction: 30% for breast cancer onset.Lead researcher: Dr Elizabeth McDonald, University of Pennsylvania.Adjunctive Use of GLP‑1 Drugs Cuts Breast Cancer MortalityA separate investigation involving 27,000 breast‑cancer patients in Italy reported that adding a GLP‑1 agent to standard therapy was associated with a 30% decrease in cancer‑related death.Institution: IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori Dino Amadori, Meldola.Outcome: 30% lower mortality risk.Broad Cancer‑Spread Benefits Observed Across Multiple Tumor TypesData from the Cleveland Clinic, covering 12,000 patients with breast, lung, colorectal or liver cancer, indicated a 38‑50% reduction in progression to stage‑four disease among GLP‑1 users.Study size: 12,000 patients.Risk reduction range: 38%–50% for metastatic spread.Why These Findings Matter for Public Health and OncologyThe consistency of risk‑reduction signals across incidence, mortality and metastasis points to a potential paradigm shift: drugs originally designed for diabetes and obesity may become adjunct tools in cancer prevention and treatment. If confirmed, the impact could be substantial given the prevalence of obesity and the high incidence of breast cancer worldwide.Next Steps: Clinical Trials and Regulatory ConsiderationsExperts caution that the current evidence is observational. Ongoing randomized controlled trials will be needed to disentangle the effects of weight loss from direct pharmacologic actions of GLP‑1 agonists. Regulatory bodies may eventually evaluate these agents for oncologic indications, pending robust trial data.

The Shocking Conclusion of EuphoriaThe HBO series Euphoria concluded with an 88-minute finale that delivered everything viewers had come to expect: shocking deaths, gruesome imagery, and biblical references. The episode ended with the words "May God bless us all," a stark contrast to the nihilistic themes that dominated the season. The finale featured the death of Laurie, the drug boss who commits suicide when faced with arrest, and most significantly, Rue's fentanyl-related overdose, which occurs 45 minutes into the episode.Character Arcs and Narrative ShiftsRue's death marks a pivotal moment in the finale, as the show loses its lead and narrator unexpectedly. In her absence, Ali (Colman Domingo), Rue's sponsor and mentor, becomes the voice of the final act. This shift is particularly jarring given that Ali had previously been a side character, while Jules— who shared the most with Rue—is barely acknowledged. Similarly, Cassie, whose storyline dominated much of the season, is relegated to a minor role. This narrative choice highlights the central problem with Euphoria's final season: its uncertainty about what kind of show it wanted to be.Gangster Elements and Moral AmbiguityThe finale centers on a turf war between drug bosses Laurie and Alamo, making the series feel more like a gangster movie than a character-driven drama. This shift is particularly evident in the Tarantino-style shootouts and the showdown at Alamo's strip club, where Ali arrives dressed in a military uniform to avenge Rue's death. While these scenes work individually, together they create a jarring narrative experience that feels like being told a story by an intoxicated person who keeps missing key details and jumping between dramatic moments.Religious Imagery and Societal CommentaryThe motif of religion in the finale is unexpected for a show that has focused on young people who have abandoned traditional value systems. However, this religious imagery may be intentional. In a poignant monologue, Ali states that "everyone" is complicit in Rue's fentanyl overdose, from the government to the cartels, the corrupt cops, and the politicians. This parallel extends to the online extremes seen in Cassie and Maddy's OnlyFans activities, suggesting a commentary on our collective addiction to outrage and extreme content in the digital age.The Cultural Reflection of EuphoriaBeyond the distracting shootouts and drug cartel wars, season three of Euphoria was strongest when it reflected the increasingly nihilistic world young people consume online, where they're being raised to believe they must be either the hunter or the prey. The show's ending, with the American flag rippling in the wind, echoes Jia Tolentino's argument in "Trick Mirror" that scamming is becoming central to American life. This is evident in Alamo's strip club, where men treat women as disposable sex toys, and in Cassie's plan to turn her former marital home into a #content house for OnlyFans performers.The Legacy of a Confused FinaleEuphoria's finale may not have been a lesson on morality, but rather a study in the hypocrisy of our media-saturated society. The show's creator, Sam Levinson, was at his best when combining cinematography with an examination of how algorithms groom young people into extreme behaviors. However, the finale's focus on gangster elements and its jarring narrative shifts left viewers with more questions than answers. As the series concludes, it serves as both a reflection of our current cultural moment and a cautionary tale about the dangers of a society obsessed with shock value and extreme content.

The Pfas Problem on Fair Isle Fair Isle, Britain's most remote inhabited island, has been found to have the highest levels of toxic Pfas in its drinking water in Scotland. The island, known for its knitting and rare birds, has no obvious industrial sources of the chemicals, but scientists believe that seaspray and foam might be the culprit. How Pfas Are Transported to Fair Isle Pfas, or "forever chemicals," are highly surface-active and can be attracted to the interface between water and air. This allows them to be transported through seawater and accumulate in seafoam and seaspray. According to Bo Sha, an environmental chemist at Stockholm University, once airborne in bubbles or spray, the chemicals can travel hundreds of kilometers in days. The Impact of Pfas on Fair Isle The presence of Pfas on Fair Isle has raised concerns among residents and scientists. While all Scotland's public drinking water remains below official Pfas thresholds for safe consumption, the data from Fair Isle and other coastal areas represents an alarming indication of the accumulation of these chemicals in the environment. Kathy Coull, a traditional knitter and textile-maker on the island, has been filtering her water each night since Pfas results were first published in 2024 and is calling for Scottish Water to do more to address the pollution. The Bigger Picture Fair Isle is not unique in its Pfas problem. Across Scotland, remote lochs from Orkney to the Western Isles would fail a proposed EU threshold for safe environmental levels of Pfas. The issue highlights the need for better monitoring and regulation of these chemicals, which can have significant impacts on human health and the environment. The Future of Pfas Monitoring The discovery of Pfas on Fair Isle and other remote coastal areas underscores the need for more effective monitoring and regulation of these chemicals. As scientists continue to study the movement and accumulation of Pfas in the environment, it is clear that a more comprehensive approach is needed to address this growing environmental concern.

The Fascinating World of Sleep Science A recent podcast from The Guardian delves into the intriguing realm of sleep science, shedding light on the complexities of the sleeping brain. The episode, titled 'The incredible science of the sleeping brain – podcast,' features an in-depth exploration of the latest research and findings in the field. The Battle to Boost Deep Sleep One of the key topics discussed in the podcast is the battle to boost deep sleep and its potential link to preventing dementia. As research continues to uncover the vital role of sleep in maintaining cognitive function, scientists are working tirelessly to develop new methods and strategies to enhance deep sleep. The Importance of Sleep Research The study of sleep has significant implications for our understanding of the human brain and its many mysteries. By uncovering the secrets of the sleeping brain, researchers hope to develop new treatments and therapies for a range of sleep-related disorders. Exploring the Future of Sleep Science As the podcast highlights, the science of sleep is a rapidly evolving field, with new discoveries and breakthroughs emerging regularly. By continuing to explore the intricacies of the sleeping brain, researchers aim to unlock new insights into the complex relationships between sleep, cognition, and overall health.