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The Lead Sunday marks 100 days since the United States and Israel launched a war on Iran – a conflict that has triggered a global energy crisis and darkened the global economic outlook. Global Reactions to the War The war, which Iran has called an “unprovoked act of aggression”, has expanded to Gulf nations as well as Lebanon. A fragile ceasefire has been in place since April 8, but Israel has continued its offensive in Lebanon, killing more than 3,000 people. The Gulf Region's Response Gulf states have been caught up in the war since it began on February 28, with Iran launching missile and drone strikes against US military assets hosted on their soil. Here's how some countries have been reacting: Oman – Expressed dismay at the war and accused the US of “losing control of its own foreign policy”. Qatar – Condemned Iran's attacks and called for de-escalation and dialogue. United Arab Emirates (UAE) – Condemned Iran's attacks and reportedly carried out dozens of air strikes against Iran. Bahrain – Called attacks on its territory “treacherous” and actively used its UN diplomacy to push resolutions condemning Iran's actions. Kuwait – Denounced Iranian attacks as a “flagrant violation” of international law. Saudi Arabia – Condemned Iranian attacks and warned of “dire consequences”. Other Countries' Reactions Iraq – Condemned US-Israel strikes on Tehran while trying to prevent its territory from being dragged into the conflict. Turkiye – Called on all parties to end the spiral of violence and urged an end to the war. Jordan – Urged the warring parties to halt hostilities and called on Israel to end its war on Lebanon. Egypt – Expressed deep concern and called for de-escalation and a diplomatic resolution. African Union – Condemned aggression against Gulf states and urged immediate de-escalation. India – Called for restraint and avoidance of escalation, while condemning Iranian attacks on Gulf nations. The Impact Analysis The war has had significant impacts on the global economy, including rising oil prices and market volatility. Countries have been affected in various ways, including: Disruptions to navigation through the Strait of Hormuz, a vital shipping route. Attacks on oil facilities and energy infrastructure. Economic worries, including a case of force majeure on oilfields developed by foreign oil companies in Iraq. The Prediction As diplomacy to negotiate a deal between the warring parties drags on, it is likely that the conflict will continue to have far-reaching impacts on the global economy and regional stability. Pakistan's efforts to mediate talks and the extension of a US-Iran ceasefire are seen as positive steps towards de-escalation.

The Daily Rhythm of War Tehran, Iran – The “Ramadan War”, as the US-Israel war on Iran is popularly known, disrupted daily life in Iran. Universities, schools and industries were bombed, and streets were emptied out. Mehran, a 47-year-old teacher based in central Tehran, has been forced to teach his students online from a cramped corner of his modest apartment as distance learning has become the norm. The Digital Bottleneck Mehran’s day begins with a gruelling battle for bandwidth. Following the curbs on the internet during the early days of the war, the education system shifted to the domestic “Shad” e-learning platform. “The national internet is available, but it has become frustratingly weak due to the massive surge in users,” the teacher explained with an exhausted smile. “Sometimes my voice breaks up, and suddenly dozens of students just vanish from the platform.” The Cost of Survival When the virtual school bell rings, Mehran heads to a nearby pharmacy to buy heart medication for his mother. At first glance, the shelves look neat and well-stocked, but a closer look reveals that dozens of essential medicines have been unavailable for over a month. According to Mehri, a young pharmacy worker, prices for both domestic and imported drugs have skyrocketed. An Illusion of Normalcy Exhausted by the market, Mehran takes a break at the nearby Osta public park. The scene is jarringly serene: children bouncing around colourful playgrounds, families picnicking under ancient trees, and young men vigorously using outdoor gym equipment. “For a second, looking at this, you forget we are living under a blockade,” Mehran reflected. “You see Tehran wresting its right to live from the jaws of breaking news and a relentless war.” Searching for Rhythm in the Dark As night falls over Tehran, Mehran does not head home. Instead, he makes his way to Enghelab (Revolution) Square near Tehran University. Here, hundreds of men and women gather nightly to chant nationalistic slogans and sing in support of the state and its armed forces. “These gatherings make us feel like we are all in the same trench,” he said. “We might not have stealth bombers or aircraft carriers, but we have our voices and our physical presence. The war may have stolen our comfort, but it gave us back our social solidarity.”

The Economic Toll of War A hundred days into the US-Israel war on Iran, Americans are facing increasing financial pressure at the pump and at the grocery store in an economy already facing headwinds from United States President Donald Trump’s domestic and foreign policies, including tariffs. Consumer Expenses Hit US consumers are especially feeling the pinch in their wallets. On average, households have spent $750 more in expenses due to the war, according to an analysis from Moody’s Analytics. The bulk of the spending is on energy-related expenses, with Americans spending an average of $447.19 more than usual. The Data Analysis Petrol prices surged to $4.22 per gallon, up from $2.98 per gallon on February 28. Energy prices jumped 5.5 percent in the latest Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) report. Inflation overall jumped to 3.8 percent from 3.5 percent the month prior. Food prices jumped 0.5 percent in April, marking the biggest increase since November 2022. The Impact Analysis The war's economic impact is being felt across various sectors, including: Airline industry: Spirit Airlines ceased operations due to increased fuel prices, while other carriers have adapted their pricing. Food production: Fertilizer prices are expected to jump by 31 percent, affecting food producers. Real estate: Mortgage rates have increased, with the average rate for a 30-year fixed mortgage jumping from 5.98 percent to 6.5 percent. The Prediction Due to the surge in inflation, it is unlikely that the central bank will cut interest rates in the near term. In fact, a recent analyst at JPMorgan Chase suggested that the Fed will not change rates until mid-2027, at which point the bank expects a rate increase rather than a decrease.

The Silent History of a Maritime TragedyThe attack on the USS Liberty remains one of the most contentious and least discussed incidents in modern American military history. On June 8, 1967, the US Navy technical research ship was struck by Israeli Air Force jets and Israeli Navy motor torpedo boats in international waters, resulting in the deaths of 34 American servicemen and the wounding of 171. Despite the severity of the attack, the event has been largely erased from the collective memory of the American public.The Mechanics of Historical AmnesiaThe primary reason for this historical silence is the intense political pressure exerted by the US government and the Israeli government to suppress the narrative. Following the attack, the US intelligence community concluded that the incident was likely a case of mistaken identity, yet the official narrative was heavily censored to prevent diplomatic fallout between the two closest allies.Media Censorship: Major American news outlets were reportedly instructed to downplay the story or treat it as a minor diplomatic incident.Political Sensitivity: Discussing the event risks damaging the "special relationship" between the United States and Israel.Official Cover-up: Declassified documents suggest that key evidence was suppressed to protect the credibility of the Israeli military.The Geopolitical FalloutThe refusal to fully investigate the incident has created a lasting scar on US-Israel relations. For decades, survivors of the attack have fought for a full congressional investigation, arguing that the truth was sacrificed for political expediency. As a result, the USS Liberty stands as a stark example of how historical narratives can be manipulated by geopolitical interests, leaving a generation of Americans unaware of a pivotal moment in their nation's history.

The Fraying of the Trump-Netanyahu AllianceThe latest flare-up in hostilities between Israel and Iran has exposed what some observers say is the most significant crack yet in the relationship between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and United States President Donald Trump, revealing increasingly divergent interests between the two leaders.The pair once appeared politically inseparable, with Netanyahu describing Trump as the "greatest friend Israel has ever had in the White House." Trump returned the praise. During a 2025 appearance in Israel, he joked, "He's not easy – not the easiest guy to deal with – but that's what makes him great."Trump is no longer joking. Last week, he reportedly called Netanyahu "f***ing crazy" during a phone call, accused him of undermining US diplomacy and warned that Israel's military escalation risked derailing peace talks with Iran.The tensions became apparent when Iran launched a volley of missiles towards northern Israel on Sunday, following an Israeli strike in Beirut's southern suburbs on June 7 – despite US assurances just days before that this would not happen. The missile attack, the first by Iran since a fragile, Pakistan-brokered ceasefire reached two months earlier between the US and Iran, threatened to unravel months of negotiations."He will have no choice," Trump told the Financial Times when asked about the likelihood of Netanyahu approving a possible peace agreement with Iran. "I call the shots. I call all the shots. He doesn't call the shots."Diverging Political Interests in the Iran ConflictUltimately, observers say, the two leaders are driven by their own political interests which are on a collision course. In the US, the war with Iran is deeply unpopular, so Trump needs to reach a deal with Iran to end the war. Netanyahu, on the other hand, could benefit politically at home if it were to continue.In fact, as soon as Trump and Netanyahu jointly launched missile strikes on Iran at the end of February, their objectives began to drift apart.Israel's leadership had suggested the conflict could deliver a rapid victory, potentially weakening or even toppling Iran's government while crippling its nuclear and ballistic missile programmes.But Yossi Mekelberg, a Middle East analyst at Chatham House, said any such assumptions underpinning the campaign quickly collapsed. "The war didn't go the way they wanted it to go," he told Al Jazeera."The biggest failure was assuming it would be nice and quick and would achieve its objectives. They thought it would bring regime change and that, by extension, it would end Iran's nuclear programme and ballistic missile programme. Obviously, that was a complete failure."The conflict also created economic consequences that threatened Trump's own domestic political interests. When Iran effectively closed off the Strait of Hormuz, through which one-fifth of the world's oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies are shipped during peacetime, global energy markets were rattled and oil prices surged.The Strategic and Economic CalculusMekelberg said Washington had appeared unprepared for a scenario many analysts had long warned was inevitable. "The United States didn't appear to think strategically about how it would keep the Strait of Hormuz open. It shows an inability to think strategically in this administration."With fuel prices soaring and Democrats eyeing gains in November's mid-term congressional elections, Trump has a strong incentive to secure a quick deal, and has little appetite for a prolonged Middle East crisis while preparing to host football's World Cup.Ultimately, despite the longstanding relationship between Israel and the US, Trump's relationship with Netanyahu remains fundamentally transactional, said Mekelberg."Trump is egotistical and self-absorbed," he said. "It's a transactional relationship. It depends on how good the transaction is, and when it doesn't work for you – as we see with Trump, this is his method. 'I'm your friend' until it no longer serves his interests."But, on a deeper level, there is a serious issue, which is that they have unravelled the Middle East. Now, because their interests diverge, and because each side is pursuing its own interests, they clash in a very asymmetric way."US Military Aid and Diplomatic LeverageAs Israel becomes increasingly isolated internationally over its conduct in Gaza, the West Bank and across the region, the US remains its most important diplomatic protector and its main military supplier and financial backer. This has become increasingly important as Israel's traditional European allies have begun distancing themselves from Netanyahu's government.Washington provides Israel with at least $3.8bn annually under a 10-year military assistance agreement running from 2019 to 2028. That package includes $3.3bn through the Foreign Military Financing programme and another $500m for joint missile-defence programmes.An Al Jazeera investigation recently found that 42 percent of weapons entering Israel originated from the United States.Gideon Levy, the Israeli journalist and author, told Al Jazeera that dependence on the US leaves Netanyahu with little room to manoeuvre. "Israel is not in a position to say no to Donald Trump, and Netanyahu is not in a position to say no," Levy said. "Israeli dependence on the US right now has reached an unprecedented stage, and Israel cannot take on Iran without the United States."The reality on the ground is that whatever Trump tells Netanyahu, he will have to do exactly as Trump phrased it."Netanyahu's Domestic Political PredicamentTrump's push for a ceasefire collides with Netanyahu's domestic ambitions. The war with Iran has proved popular inside Israel, where public support for military action remains overwhelming.Levy noted that polling shows support for the attack on Iran stands at roughly 93 percent. "Traditionally in Israel, you can much easier get consensus for a major majority by launching another war, rather than any diplomatic agreement," Levy said.With elections due before the end of October, some analysts say continued confrontation would therefore serve Netanyahu's political interests. The problem is that Washington increasingly appears committed to pursuing a diplomatic settlement with Tehran.The negotiations between the US and Iran are taking place indirectly, via Pakistani mediators, but without Israeli participation at all. Reports suggest any future agreement would leave Iran's government intact while permitting a restricted but continuing nuclear programme.Tehran has also reportedly demanded that any deal prevent Israel from launching future military operations against Hezbollah in Lebanon. Under such a deal, an Israeli strike on Beirut could risk provoking Iranian retaliation without guaranteed US backing – a scenario Netanyahu would not be happy about."Netanyahu is in a certain deadlock," Levy said. "The project of his life was Iran and the belief that Iran can be defeated by force. This was proven false in the last two rounds in Iran."The Future of US-Israel RelationsMany analysts doubt the apparent rift between Israel and the US represents any sort of meaningful shift in relations between the two.Phyllis Bennis, a fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, DC, and international adviser to the activist group Jewish Voice for Peace, argued that Trump's criticism had not been matched by action."The words could be significant if they were matched by actions," she told Al Jazeera. "What we see now are a set of words – 'You better be careful; you'll find yourself acting alone' – that are not backed up by actions."Bennis noted that Washington continues to provide billions of dollars in military assistance, to shield Israel from accountability at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and ICC, and to keep weapons flowing.She compared Trump's approach to that of former US President Joe Biden during the first stages of Israel's war on Gaza."The leadership would say, 'Please stop killing so many Palestinians,'" Bennis said, "while continuing to supply weapons and funding … The words just don't mean very much."

The Lead: Iran's Direct Response Changes Regional Dynamics After weeks of warning that continuing Israeli attacks on Lebanon would jeopardize diplomacy, Iran launched its first direct strikes on Israel in two months overnight on Sunday, casting new doubts about the likelihood of a US-Iran peace deal. While Israel and the US have sought to separate Israel's occupation of southern Lebanon from the wider US-Israeli war on Iran, Iran has consistently stated that it will not entertain a peace deal that does not extend to Lebanon as well. The Event Details: Tehran's Red Line in Beirut Following an initial Israeli raid on the southern suburbs of Beirut on Sunday – despite US assurances last week that Israel would not attack the Lebanese capital as long as Hezbollah refrained from strikes on northern Israel – Iran launched missiles at Israel overnight in retaliation. "Tonight's operation was a warning, and if the aggressions are repeated, the responses will be broader and will encompass all American-Zionist targets in the region," Iran's Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) said in a statement. Israel responded by carrying out multiple attacks across Iran on Monday, including the capital Tehran, despite US President Donald Trump reportedly telling Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu not to escalate. "I call the shots … he [Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu] doesn't call the shots," Trump told the UK's Financial Times on Sunday. The Human Cost: Devastation in Lebanon Lebanon was drawn into the US and Israel's war on Iran on March 2 after Tehran-aligned Hezbollah launched attacks on northern Israel. Hezbollah said the attacks were in retaliation for Israel's killing of Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, on the first day of the US-Israeli war on Iran, on February 28. At least 3,613 people have been killed and 11,072 others injured in Israeli attacks across Lebanon since the fighting began again in March, according to the latest figures from Lebanon's Health Ministry. More than one-million people have been displaced from their homes as Israel has occupied nearly one-fifth of the country. The Impact Analysis: Iran's Strategic Shift One of the most significant developments of the current conflict is that Iran is increasingly abandoning the logic that has defined its regional posture for years. "Initially, the whole point of 'forward defence' was to prevent a state-on-state conflict between Israel and Iran," Rob Geist Pinfold, international security lecturer at King's College London, told Al Jazeera. "What we're seeing here is that Iran has completely changed that dynamic. Rather than using these proxy groups to fight for Iran, it is escalating itself as a state to fight for its proxy groups." Iran has now bound any peace framework to the fate of its regional allies. "Tehran's message is: Together in war, together in peace," said Negar Mortazavi, senior fellow at the Center for International Policy. The Prediction: A Violent Holding Pattern If Washington cannot prevent Israeli actions that Tehran considers unacceptable, analysts warn that Iran may conclude that the US is incapable of delivering the comprehensive ceasefire it is seeking. "The key question is whether Trump is willing to really rein in Israel in any meaningful way," Nadim Houry, executive director of the Arab Reform Initiative in Lebanon, said. For now, experts believe a temporary freeze in hostilities remains possible, but a durable peace appears much more difficult. "The more likely outcome is a violent holding pattern: talks continue, Iran and Israel keep testing each other, Hezbollah remains active, and the US tries to prevent the system from tipping into a wider campaign," Andreas Krieg, professor at the Department of Security at King's College London, concluded.

The Lead: A Deadly Attack That Remains UnexplainedOn June 8, 1967, at least 34 US sailors were killed and 171 others were wounded in an Israeli attack on the USS Liberty, a United States Navy technical research ship stationed in the Mediterranean Sea off Egypt's Sinai Peninsula. Israel claimed it was a case of mistaken identity, but survivors and researchers have disputed this version, lamenting that successive governments did little to bring out the truth behind one of the deadliest attacks on the US Navy by its closest ally.The Event Details: The Attack on the USS LibertyIsraeli air and naval forces bombarded the intelligence-gathering vessel in international waters near the Sinai Peninsula during the 1967 war, when Israel captured Egypt's Sinai, Gaza and the West Bank. The assault began when Israeli jets attacked the vessel, striking the ship's deck with anti-personnel weapons and armour-piercing bullets. This was followed by a devastating strike from Israeli torpedo boats that blew a massive hole in the ship's starboard side, instantly killing 25 men in the lower research spaces.The crew had been flying the US flag and had even exchanged waves with low-flying Israeli aircraft earlier that morning, making their identity clear. Israel has long maintained the strike was a tragic error, claiming exhausted pilots mistook the US naval vessel for an Egyptian warship.The Cover-Up Allegations: Classified Records and Congressional InactionNearly 60 years on, records related to the attack remain classified, survivors and advocates say. Richard Brooks, chief engineer on the vessel, told Al Jazeera in a 2015 interview that "it wasn't a tragic accident" but "a deliberate attack" where Israel "knew who we were" and "tried to sink us." A naval board of inquiry was hastily convened while the severely damaged ship was dry-docked in Malta, but the proceedings concluded swiftly.Ernie Gallo, president of the USS Liberty Survivors Group, dismissed Israel's "mistaken identity" excuse as a lie and accused the US government of complicity for accepting the false narrative. The US Congress never formally questioned the attack or formed a committee to investigate the tragedy.The Political Impact: Renewed Attention and Congressional ActionThis year, the attack has come under renewed attention after US Representative Thomas Massie announced he would deliver a speech on the floor of the House of Representatives to honour and memorialise the crew of the USS Liberty. Massie has described the incident as an "unprovoked attack by Israel" and noted that several survivors planned to attend his memorial speech as guests in the congressional gallery.The Historical Context: Israel's Espionage Against the United StatesIsrael shares close military and intelligence ties with the US, with Washington providing billions of dollars in military assistance for decades. The USS Liberty attack remains a dark chapter, but it is not the only instance of Israel taking aggressive action or conducting intelligence operations against the US. Recently, the Pentagon's Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) elevated the counterintelligence threat posed by Israel to its highest level of "critical."The warning follows reports of Israeli intelligence agencies intensifying efforts to collect information on US military personnel and government officials to intercept policy discussions. Other examples of Israeli espionage against the US include the covert installation of spyware on the mobile phones of US defence personnel operating inside Israel and the case of Jonathan Pollard, a US Navy civilian intelligence analyst arrested in 1985 for passing classified information to Israel.The Future Outlook: Demands for AccountabilityDespite decades passing since the attack, survivors and advocates continue to demand a full official inquiry into the USS Liberty incident. The renewed attention from Representative Massie and other officials suggests that the long-suppressed story may finally receive the congressional scrutiny that survivors have sought for nearly 60 years. As more information becomes available and political dynamics shift, the truth behind one of the most controversial incidents in US-Israel relations may finally come to light.

The Lead: Direct Exchange Marks Most Serious Escalation Since April CeasefireIsrael launched attacks across Iran overnight, with explosions reported in Tehran, Tabriz, Karaj and Isfahan, marking the most serious escalation between the two countries since a fragile ceasefire took hold in April.The attacks came hours after Iran fired a wave of missiles towards northern Israel, accusing Israel of repeatedly violating the ceasefire through its ongoing military operations in Lebanon – which Israel says are targeting the armed group Hezbollah, Tehran's closest ally in the country.On Monday, US President Donald Trump called on both sides to stop attacking each other. "Israel and Iran must immediately stop 'shooting'," he said in a brief post on his Truth Social platform. Analysts say a major disagreement between the US and Israel over how to handle talks with Iran may be emerging.The Event Details: Timeline of EscalationTensions have been building for days. On Sunday, Israel struck Beirut's southern suburbs, killing at least two people and wounding 20, despite another United States-led "ceasefire" announced jointly by Israel and Lebanon on June 4.Hours after those attacks, Iran launched missiles towards northern Israel in what Tehran described as retaliation for the Beirut attack. These were largely intercepted, according to reports, with debris falling as far away as Jordan and the West Bank en route to Israel.Israel responded with overnight attacks on central and western Iran, while Tehran has since launched a second wave of attacks. According to Israeli media outlet Haaretz, Iran has launched about 30 ballistic missiles in total since Sunday night.Missiles have also been launched from Yemen, with the Houthis claiming responsibility on Monday, while Hezbollah has remained engaged in repelling Israel's invasion of southern Lebanon.The Strategic Shift: Iran's Direct InterventionThis is the first direct Iranian missile attack on Israel since the Pakistan-brokered April 8 ceasefire was announced. It is also the first time Tehran has retaliated against Israeli attacks in Lebanon – which have been occurring near-daily since early March – by launching missiles directly from Iranian territory.The attack came after repeated warnings from Iran that an Israeli strike on Beirut's southern suburbs would trigger a response. This exchange further intertwines the Israel-Hezbollah conflict with ongoing US-Iran negotiations, as Tehran has repeatedly insisted that progress in talks with Washington depends on a genuine halt to Israeli military operations in Lebanon.Israeli troops now control roughly 2,000 square kilometres (770 square miles) of Lebanese land – nearly one-fifth of the country's territory. Since early March, more than 3,000 people have been killed in Lebanon, and more than one million have been displaced from their homes in the south.The Impact Analysis: US-Israel Relations TestedUS President Donald Trump insisted late on Sunday night that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu would ultimately have to accept any agreement negotiated between Washington and Tehran because the US president "calls the shots"."He won't have any choice," Trump told the Financial Times in a telephone interview. "I call the shots. I call all the shots. He doesn't call the shots."But just hours after Trump's comments and US media reports suggesting Washington was urging restraint, Israel struck targets inside Iran. Whether the apparent gap between Washington and Israel reflects a genuine disagreement remains unclear.On Monday morning, US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee claimed on X that Iran was not only aiming to "incinerate" Israel, but also the US. Some analysts say Israel's actions risk eroding Trump's authority in the region."By defying Trump, Israel has done more than challenge Iran's new equation; it has also undermined Trump's credibility," said Trita Parsi, executive vice president of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft.The Regional Implications: Lebanon Ceasefire in JeopardyThe conflict between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon, which was at times considered a separate conflict to the US-Israel-Iran war, is at the centre of this latest regional escalation.Although a first US-brokered ceasefire was announced on April 16, Israeli forces have continued their invasion and occupation of southern Lebanon. This advance is Israel's deepest incursion into Lebanese territory in more than a quarter of a century.Israel has also continued periodic attacks on Beirut's southern suburbs, which it claims are a Hezbollah stronghold. More than 600 people have been killed in Lebanon since the ceasefire took effect.The Trump administration on June 3 announced that Israel and Lebanon had agreed to a new US-mediated ceasefire, which was immediately rejected by Hezbollah. The proposed arrangement called for Hezbollah to withdraw north of the Litani River, but made no corresponding commitment regarding an Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon.The Prediction: Path Forward Amid Regional TensionsThe conflict in Lebanon now appears firmly linked to the wider confrontation between Iran and the US-Israel. Israel's continued military operations in southern Lebanon, coupled with repeated attacks on Dahiyeh, have created what increasingly looks like a new regional red line."Tehran's decision to answer a strike on Lebanon with missiles launched from its own soil is the operative development here," said Dr Hamidreza Azizi, an Iranian foreign policy specialist at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs."That decision gives concrete form to Iranian FM Araghchi's earlier formulation that the ceasefire applies on all fronts, and that its violation on one front is a violation on all."The critical question now is whether the US will get directly involved. That appears unlikely for now, given Trump's repeated insistence that a broader ceasefire remains achievable and Washington's apparent desire to avoid another regional war."The gap between Washington's preference for restraint and Israel's preference for response is where a renewed escalation cycle would most likely begin," Azizi added.

The Lead Satellite images have revealed the extensive destruction caused by the US-Israel war on Iran, showcasing damage to key military and infrastructure sites across Iran, Lebanon, and the Gulf region. Destruction Across Iran Satellite imagery companies, including Planet Labs, captured a sweeping picture of the devastation before restrictions took hold. The Natanz complex in Isfahan province, Iran's largest uranium enrichment facility, was struck twice in June 2025. Natanz complex: Direct structural damage to buildings, ramps, and entrance pathways for personnel and vehicles leading to the underground enrichment halls. Siri Island: A huge fire at the island's oil facilities, with a direct hit to its largest storage tank. Bandar Abbas: Extensive destruction at 11 locations across the complex, with severe structural damage to key warehouses and a docked vessel. Fath Air Base: Extensive destruction across the base, with collapsed roofs and severe structural damage at northern hangars and technical facilities. The Bandar Abbas Naval Base: Extensive strike damage across the port, with a direct hit to the “IRIS Makran”. Destruction Across Lebanon Satellite imagery also revealed extensive destruction across Lebanon, including: Naqoura: Extensive destruction across the area, with over 100 buildings destroyed. Bint Jbeil: Extensive destruction across the town, with severe damage to approximately 725 buildings and facilities. Rachaf: Extensive destruction across the area, with entire residential neighbourhoods levelled to the ground. Kozah and Beit Lif: Extensive destruction across both towns, with heavy damage to historic civil and religious sites. Destruction Across the Gulf Satellite imagery also showed damage to key military bases across the Gulf region, including: Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar: Strike damage at the complex, with structural impact across three distinct locations. Kuwait's Ali Al Salem Air Base: Damage across nine distinct locations at the base. The al-Dhafra airbase: New damage at the facility, with direct hits on several main aircraft hangars. Saudi Arabia's Prince Sultan Air Base: Damage at the expansive base following an Iranian missile and drone attack. The US Fifth Fleet Headquarters: Extensive structural damage at the highly critical naval command complex. The Impact Analysis The satellite images provide a glimpse into the devastating impact of the US-Israel war on Iran and the wider region. The destruction of key military and infrastructure sites has significant implications for the stability and security of the region. The Prediction As the conflict continues, it is likely that more satellite images will emerge, revealing further destruction and damage. The international community will be closely monitoring the situation, and the images will likely play a crucial role in shaping diplomatic efforts and international response to the crisis.