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The Allure of Sonic ExtremesBowel-shuddering basslines. Drum fills that bounce off the walls like gunfire. Guitars resembling a pneumatic drill drilling into another pneumatic drill. A truly loud gig stays with you, figuratively and literally, as anyone who has spent the days after one accompanied by a troubling ringing in their ears can confirm.Last week, prompted by an old Alistair Cooke column suggesting that Janis Joplin's group Big Brother and the Holding Company was noisy enough to cause permanent hearing damage in guinea pigs, The Guide asked readers to share their own loudest gig experiences. The response was overwhelming, with countless readers sharing memories of eardrum-piercing encounters with all manner of bands and artists, across genres and decades.The Technical Frontiers of Live SoundWe should probably insert the obligatory disclaimer here: loud gigs can be genuinely bad for your ear health – just look at the brilliant early 80s post-punk band Mission of Burma, who had to disband for the best part of two decades due to guitarist Roger Clark Miller's punishing tinnitus. The environments that Burma and bands before them played in were a sonic wild west, with minimal soundproofing in venues or, in the ear canals of the people performing in those venues.Thankfully technology has moved on since then: many concertgoers now carry decent pairs of earplugs, and venues often provide free alternatives at the bar. Yet some still succumb to the cheap, inadvisable thrill of experiencing music completely unprotected.The Auditory Cost of Musical PassionThe physical consequences of extreme volume are well-documented. Mission of Burma's hiatus due to tinnitus represents just one example of how loud performances can have lasting health effects. The human ear can withstand approximately 85 decibels continuously for eight hours, but at 110 decibels – the level of many rock concerts – safe exposure time drops to less than two minutes.Despite these risks, the pursuit of sonic intensity continues. As one reader noted about seeing Swans in 1987: "You couldn't think of anything other than the noise while it was happening. People streamed out. I stayed and now wear hearing aids. But it was extraordinary." This trade-off between auditory safety and musical transcendence remains central to concert culture.Cultural Significance of VolumeVolume in live music has always been tied to cultural significance. From Deep Purple in the 1970s to modern experimental acts, extreme sound has been used to create immersive experiences that transcend mere entertainment. Guardian critic Alexis Petridis described seeing My Bloody Valentine: "Earplugs were distributed at the door. Even wearing them, the quite extraordinary volume was inescapable. It made your clothes move, independently of your body."Different genres approach loudness differently. Doom metal acts like Sunn O))) use volume as an atmospheric tool, while electronic artists such as Rosalía incorporate orchestral elements at jet-landing volume. Each approach creates a unique sensory experience that defines the relationship between performer and audience.The Future of Loud Music and Hearing ProtectionAs awareness of hearing health grows, the future of loud concerts may involve a balance between intensity and safety. Advances in hearing protection technology – from high-fidelity earplugs that preserve sound quality while reducing volume to in-ear monitors for performers – suggest that extreme sonic experiences need not come at the cost of long-term hearing damage.Yet the fundamental appeal of overwhelming sound likely remains. As Laura Snapes wrote about experiencing Angine de Poitrine: "I felt like I'd been lashed to the prow of Mad Max's rig as it screamed through the desert (this is a compliment)." The pursuit of transcendent musical experiences – even when they leave our ears ringing – appears to be an enduring aspect of human culture.

The Science Behind Cold Exposure and Weight Loss Wearing an ice vest or taking daily cold showers could help people lose weight, according to researchers. Despite the growing popularity of cold-water swimming and freezing plunges, to date there is minimal data on the health benefits of cold exposure. But a study of 47 adults with obesity or overweight has found that regular exposure to cold temperatures led to fat loss. The Study's Methodology and Findings Researchers at the University of Nottingham and the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) in the Netherlands gave half the participants an ice vest and waist wrap to wear for two hours every morning, while continuing their daily lives. The vests and waist wrap were worn on top of a thin T-shirt and contained gel-filled cooling packs that had been kept overnight in the freezer and maintained a temperature of 15C. In six weeks, participants lost 0.9kg (2lb), made up almost entirely of body fat, whereas the control group did not lose any weight and put on 0.6kg (1.3lb) on average. The Impact of Cold Exposure on Metabolism The lead researcher, Dr Mariëtte Boon, of LUMC, said: “This is one of the first studies looking at the impact of cold exposure over a prolonged period of time, involving people with overweight and obesity.” She added: “Vests like this can be worn at home and so cold exposure could be a simple and inexpensive addition to lifestyle strategies for weight loss such as healthy eating and physical activity.” The Potential for Cold Showers as a Weight Loss Tool The researchers, jointly funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation and the British Heart Foundation, are investigating whether other forms of regular cold exposure could reduce obesity, inflammation and prevent heart disease. The authors are conducting a separate study of 34 women in the Netherlands to see if cold showers also promote fat loss. Half of the women will have their shower on the coldest setting for 90 seconds every morning.

Santa Clara County filed a lawsuit this week alleging that Meta Platforms knowingly monetises fraudulent ads that generate roughly $7 bn in annual revenue, adding to a growing slate of legal actions against the social‑media giant.The County’s Allegations Against Meta’s Ad EcosystemThe complaint claims Meta “facilitates and monetises” deception by allowing scam ads to run unless the company is at least 95 % certain the advertiser is fraudulent. Below that confidence threshold, advertisers are charged a premium fee to keep their ads live. The lawsuit cites internal documents showing the use of sophisticated AI tools that target “vulnerable consumers” with schemes ranging from bogus financial products to fake celebrity fund‑raisers.Scam categories include cryptocurrency schemes, false medical cures, ineffective supplements, and celebrity impersonations.California residents reported over $2.5 bn in losses to scammers in 2024, with seniors disproportionately affected.Financial Stakes: $7 B in Scam‑Ad Revenue and $200 B Corporate TurnoverMeta’s annual revenue exceeded $200 bn in 2025, underscoring the scale of the alleged $7 bn scam‑ad stream. The lawsuit arrives alongside a separate consumer‑protection case filed by the Consumer Federation of America, which also targets Meta’s profit‑driven approach to scam mitigation.Broader Implications for Platform Liability and Consumer ProtectionThe suit follows a March 2026 California jury verdict that held Meta and YouTube liable for addictive design features harming a young user, a decision viewed as a bellwether for future platform‑responsibility claims. Combined with recent rulings in New Mexico and a $375 m jury award for child‑endangerment, the Santa Clara action could pressure Meta to overhaul its ad‑review algorithms and increase transparency.What the Future Holds for Meta’s Legal LandscapeMeta spokesperson Andy Stone described the lawsuit as a distortion of the company’s motives, emphasizing ongoing anti‑scam efforts, including the removal of 159 million scam ads last year and partnerships with law‑enforcement agencies. Nonetheless, legal analysts expect intensified scrutiny, potential regulatory interventions, and further class‑action filings as state prosecutors treat the platform’s ad‑monetisation model as a public‑policy issue.

Runway, the New‑York‑based AI video‑generation startup valued at $5.3 billion, announced a strategic shift toward building “world models” – AI systems that learn from observational video data – positioning itself directly against Google’s Genie and other deep‑pocketed rivals.Runway's Pivot from Video Generation to World ModelsFounded in 2018 by three NYU Tisch alumni—two from Chile and one from Greece—Runway first gained traction with its Gen‑4.5 video‑generation model, powering workflows for Lionsgate, AMC Networks and the film Everything Everywhere All At Once. In December 2025 the company released its first world model and plans a second launch within the year, aiming to create AI that “understands how the world works” rather than merely processing text.Co‑founders: Anastasis Germanidis (co‑CEO), Cristóbal Valenzuela (co‑CEO), Alejandro Matamala‑Ortiz (Chief Innovation Officer)Current footprint: 155 employees across New York, London, San Francisco, Seattle, Tel Aviv and TokyoKey product evolution: from “anyone a filmmaker” to “anyone a great filmmaker” and now to “AI that can simulate reality”Funding Milestones and Revenue GrowthRunway’s capital raise and revenue trajectory underscore the high‑stakes nature of the world‑model race.Total capital raised: $860 millionLatest round (Feb 2026): $315 million from strategic partners including AMD Ventures and NvidiaValuation: $5.3 billionAnnual recurring revenue (Q2 2026): $40 million addedCompetitor funding: Luma AI ($900 million), World Labs ($1.29 billion), OpenAI (~$175 billion), Alphabet (parent of Google) $4.86 trillionImplications for Hollywood, Robotics, and Drug DiscoveryThe shift to world models could ripple across several high‑impact sectors.Media & Entertainment: Faster, AI‑driven editing and content creation for studios and ad agencies.Robotics & Gaming: Simulated environments for training autonomous agents without costly physical trials.Life Sciences: Potential to accelerate drug discovery and climate modeling by running “digital twin” experiments.Runway’s recent robotics unit already reports real‑world deployments, hinting at cross‑modal applications that combine video, sensor and textual data.Future Outlook: Can Runway Outpace Deep‑Pocketed Rivals?Experts agree that scaling world models will hinge on compute access and sustained funding.Compute challenge: Need for dedicated large‑scale GPU clusters; Runway currently partners with CoreWeave and Nvidia but has not disclosed dedicated capacity.Competitive pressure: Google’s Genie model, Meta’s research, and well‑funded startups are all pursuing similar multimodal AI.Strategic advantage: Founder diversity and a scrappy, revenue‑first culture may allow Runway to iterate faster than Silicon‑Valley incumbents.If Runway can translate its video‑generation dominance into robust world models, it could become a foundational AI infrastructure provider. Failure to secure the required compute or to demonstrate clear cross‑industry value could see it eclipsed by better‑funded rivals.

The LeadAs Eurovision celebrates its 70th anniversary, some of the most iconic figures from the competition share their untold stories. Not many 70-year-olds spend their nights with pop singers in sparkly catsuits or nightmarish monsters barking out heavy metal, but these Eurovision veterans have experienced it all. From winning while sick with fever to becoming internet memes overnight, their tales reveal the unique magic and challenges of Europe's most beloved music competition.The Metal Monster's VictoryMr Lordi, frontman of Finnish metal band Lordi and winners in 2006, recalls how their journey began with no expectations: "When we were invited to enter the Finnish national contest to be the Eurovision entry, we thought we had absolutely no chance. We just wanted some free TV for our new album." Despite their casual approach, they won the popular vote by a landslide.Their arrival in Athens created a media frenzy: "We'd arrive in the press room in our full costumes, you know, just minding our own business. Then the press would go: 'Oh, fucking hell, that's Lordi!' and run to us." Their unconventional approach drew both attention and complaints from other contestants.Despite their eventual victory, Lordi's performance was far from perfect: "On the night, that performance was one of the worst versions I personally have ever delivered of Hard Rock Hallelujah. I was sick with a fever. And it's so hot in that costume you have your own mobile sauna with you."The aftermath was unexpectedly harsh: "Within a year, the backlash started. A lot of metal and rock people really resented us for winning. They thought we had sold out. But then, surprisingly fast, normal people started joining in."The Saxophone SensationSergey Stepanov, saxophonist of Moldovan band SunStroke Project who placed 22nd in 2010 and 3rd in 2017, shares how Eurovision changed his life completely. "Going to Eurovision was always a dream for me. When I was young, I would watch with my mother, and the artists performing seemed so different from us they were like spacemen."Their first experience in Oslo was modest but impactful: "We did not have a lot of money. All we had to make people remember us was our energy, our music – and how much fun we had." Their unexpected fame came later: "After we came back, my friend called me and said: 'You are a meme: Epic Sax Guy. You are famous in the United States!' Until that moment, I had no idea what a meme was."Their return in 2017 brought even greater recognition: "When we went back in 2017, we were about to go on stage when our producers gave me the phone. It was the president of Moldova. He said: 'Guys, are you ready to do a miracle?' We went out and came third."Steppanov describes the transformative power of that moment: "The moment I started to do my moves in 2017, the crowd got so loud I couldn't even hear what I was playing. At that point, I knew my life wouldn't be the same afterwards."The Zero Points ExperienceJames Newman, who represented the UK in 2021 and became the second British act to score nul points, shares his experience of the competition. While the article cuts off before detailing his full story, the heading suggests a dramatic experience that contrasts with the triumphs of other Eurovision participants.

Tech companies are rapidly cutting middle‑manager layers as AI promises to do more with fewer people, with firms such as Coinbase, Block, Meta and Amazon announcing sweeping restructurings that shift managers into hybrid supervisor‑producer roles.AI‑Powered Management Flattening Across Major Tech FirmsCEOs have framed AI as a catalyst for flattening hierarchies, pledging to eliminate “unnecessary management layers.” Recent moves include:Coinbase laid off 14% of its workforce while eliminating “pure managers.”Block cut 40% of staff and assigned some engineering managers up to 175 direct reports.Meta increased managers’ span of control and required them to contribute code, as described by former manager Prateek Singh.Amazon raised the employee‑to‑manager ratio by at least 15% to boost ownership.Numbers Illustrating the Scale of the Managerial CutbacksOpenings for middle‑manager jobs in the US fell 42% at the end of 2025 compared with the 2022 peak (Revelio Labs).Middle managers made up 13% of the US workforce in 2022 (Harvard Business School).Block’s internal charts show some managers handling up to 175 reports, far above the traditional 6‑12 range.How the New Structure Reshapes Work and Risks EmergingAnalysts warn that the shift places extra pressure on remaining managers, who must now act as both supervisors and producers.Managers may rely on AI agents for asynchronous updates, reducing face‑to‑face mentorship.Potential for flawed AI‑generated decisions to cascade into security or operational failures.Reduced human interaction could hurt employee motivation, especially for less‑experienced or marginalized teams.What the Future Holds for Middle Management in an AI EraExperts predict a continued decline in traditional middle‑manager roles, with companies investing in upskilling and AI‑augmented decision‑making.Companies will need to redesign coordination processes and provide training for broader decision authority.Fewer promotion pathways may increase talent attrition, prompting firms to rethink career ladders.Hybrid “player‑coach” models could become the norm, blending technical contribution with limited people‑management duties.

Top Picks in Crime and Thrillers A selection of standout crime and thriller novels reviewed recently. Honey by Imani Thompson Honey by Imani Thompson (Borough, £16.99) centres on Yrsa, a young Black woman studying for a sociology PhD and teaching undergraduates at Cambridge. Irritated by her solipsistic, over-privileged students and tired of situationships, she’s fed up with life, and men in particular. Her first killing – that of a much older supervisor who reneges on his promise to leave his wife for a colleague, and steals her research in the process – is an accident, but Yrsa, who has catastrophically poor impulse control, enjoys the sensation and, more importantly, gets away with it. Quite Ugly One Evening by Chris Brookmyre Quite Ugly One Evening by Chris Brookmyre (Abacus, £22) features journalist Jack Parlabane, now 60, who feels increasingly like a “Boomer Ambassador” to the younger colleagues who are snapping at his heels. With his job on the line, he agrees to investigate a cold case: the death, 40 years earlier, of an MI5 operative. The Final Chapter by CB Everett The Final Chapter by CB Everett (Simon & Schuster, £18.99) is a metafictional tour de force: the story of literary superstar Jon Durward, who achieved critical acclaim, commercial success, well-regarded film adaptations and a Booker prize before he mysteriously disappeared in 2009. The Hollow Boys by Tariq Ashkanani The Hollow Boys by Tariq Ashkanani (Viper, £18.99) is set in Appalachia, a prize-winning Scottish author’s latest novel and a masterpiece of smalltown horror. The town of Aurora seems doomed – blighted by poverty, drug addiction, diseased crops, a mysterious beast that slaughters dogs and an underground coal seam fire that grows ever closer. Shrink Solves Murder by Philippa Perry Shrink Solves Murder by Philippa Perry (Hutchinson Heinemann, £18.99) features therapist Patricia Phillips, who lives on East Sussex’s South Downs with Dave the cat, and swims in the sea every morning. When her client Henry Clayton’s body is found below cliffs near the notorious suicide spot Beachy Head, the police assume he has taken his own life.

The Lead Pollution ReturnWood heating is reintroducing lead into the air of local communities and homes, according to a systematic investigation by academics from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The research reveals that despite lead being banned as an additive in petrol more than 25 years ago due to its overwhelming neurotoxicity, the metal is now making a comeback through wood burning.Scientific FindingsThe research began by analyzing samples of particle pollution from five suburban and rural towns in the northeast US. Scientists looked for tiny particles of potassium that are emitted when wood is burned, as well as particles containing lead. Samples from seven winters revealed clear associations between potassium and lead - when there were more wood burning particles in a daily sample, there was more lead in the air."For the most part, wood burning produces significant amounts of particle air pollution, and a small but measurable fraction of this is a powerful neurotoxicant," said Prof Richard Peltier, the senior author of the research.Geographic PatternsThe project was extended to 22 other towns across the US, with the relationships between lead and potassium varying from place to place. The strongest associations were found in the Rocky Mountains. By factoring in temperature effects, the researchers strengthened their conclusion that the additional lead came specifically from wood burning.Health ImplicationsAlthough the lead concentrations found were less than US legal limits, health experts emphasize that any exposure to the metal is harmful. "The most logical answer is that it comes from uptake in the soil, probably riding along with the nutrients and water that trees need. Once in the tree, it deposits in the tree's tissues and remains until that tree is burned," explained Tricia Henegan, a PhD student at Umass Amherst and the first author on the research.Historical ContextLead was used globally as a petrol additive from the 1920s and found its way into oceans, soils and people. Evidence on harms from exposure to lead were systematically suppressed by industry for decades. Today it is acknowledged that lead exposure causes harm at all stages of life and comes from many sources.Policy RecommendationsThe researchers suggest that their findings challenge previous assumptions that lead in wood smoke came primarily from waste wood covered with old lead paint. "The use of wood as an energy source is a relic of the past, one that should not be relived if given a choice. Although wood fuel use can feel nostalgic, it does have negative consequences on air quality, and therefore public health," Henegan concluded.

The upcoming clash between Chelsea and Manchester City at Wembley will see the fifth‑generation FA Cup trophy lifted for the 13th time, a reminder that the silverware’s allure transcends the modern game’s evolving aesthetics.The FA Cup Trophy’s 13th Final Appearance Marks a Century‑Old LegacyFirst contested in 1871, the FA Cup has become the world’s oldest football competition. The current trophy, crafted in 2014 by silversmiths Thomas Lyte, is the fifth version to grace the podium. Its history includes dramatic incidents – a drop from a Chelsea team bus, a fall off a plinth in Portsmouth – each episode mirroring football’s exponential growth and the trophy’s journey from cabinet‑bound relic to travelling ambassador.Weight, Materials and the Modern Design of the 2014 Silver TrophyMaterial: solid silver, thicker gauge than previous versionsWeight: 6.3 kg, noticeably heavier than earlier modelsDesign goal: durability for frequent travel and handlingWhile the trophy’s increased mass adds to its physical presence, restoration work such as hammering and polishing can thin the metal over time, making careful stewardship essential.Why the FA Cup Remains a Symbol of Football’s Cultural IdentityThe cup’s mystique stems from its deep‑rooted heritage, contrasting with the sleek, corporate aesthetics of the Premier League and Champions League trophies. Superstitions surrounding untouched trophies – from pop stars like Rihanna to internet chefs like Salt Bae – reinforce its sacred status. Comparable reverence is seen in other sports, such as the Stanley Cup’s taboo against premature handling, highlighting a broader cultural pattern where trophies become talismans of achievement.What the Future Holds for England’s Most Iconic SilverwareAs football continues to globalise and commercialise, the FA Cup’s enduring appeal suggests it will retain its ceremonial weight. Ongoing preservation efforts, combined with the trophy’s robust 2014 construction, aim to safeguard it for future generations, ensuring that only a select few will ever lift the silver emblem of English football glory.