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The Power of Negative ExpectationIn her latest book, Helen Pilcher investigates the profound connection between the mind and the body, specifically focusing on the phenomenon where negative beliefs can cause physical illness. Drawing on Roald Dahl’s The Twits, Pilcher illustrates the age-old intuition that ugly attitudes deform the face. However, her work moves beyond fiction to explore the scientific reality of the nocebo effect—a Latin term meaning "I will harm"—which occurs when a person's negative expectations lead to symptoms.Deconstructing the Nocebo EffectThe nocebo effect operates on a simple yet powerful psychological principle: the more you are warned to expect a symptom, the more likely you are to experience it. This is often described as the psychological equivalent of the "pink elephant" paradox; if you are told not to think of a pink elephant, you inevitably do. Pilcher analyzes 231 placebo-controlled clinical trials, finding that 76% of people in experimental groups reported side-effects, compared to 73% of those on a placebo. This suggests that most of us experience bodily sensations, but the nocebo effect causes us to misattribute these harmless feelings to medication.Measurable Biological ShiftsPilcher argues that the impact of the nocebo effect is not merely subjective but measurable. She highlights a striking study from Stanford where participants were told they possessed a gene associated with either high or low obesity risk, regardless of their actual genetics. The results showed that those told they had the "skinny" gene experienced a significant increase in GLP-1 (a hormone that induces satiety) after a meal, while those told they had the "fat" gene showed no change. Furthermore, Pilcher discusses research where stimulating a specific area of a mouse's brain associated with positive emotion was found to curb cancer growth, while dampening it accelerated it. This challenges the boundary between mental processes and physical disease.From Mass Panic to Medical PracticeThe book delves into the history of mass psychogenic illness (MPI), where collective anxiety spreads symptoms through a population. Historically limited by geography, MPI today can go viral due to global communication and social media. A prime example cited is the 2014 outbreak in Colombia, where social media was thought to transmit symptoms among schoolgirls who had received the HPV vaccine. Despite health officials finding no link, public confidence collapsed, dropping immunization rates from over 90% to 5%. This case underscores the vulnerability of public health to the nocebo effect at scale.The Future of Mind-Body MedicinePilcher’s work raises central philosophical questions about the nature of mind and matter. While she cautions against drawing direct parallels between mouse brain stimulation and human thought, the evidence suggests that our internal narratives can significantly alter our biology. Ultimately, understanding the nocebo effect offers a path to mitigate its negative impacts, potentially allowing individuals to avoid self-fulfilling prophecies of illness. As Pilcher notes, avoiding the nocebo effect is a "pretty good one" side-effect to have.

The Allure of Celebrity Traitors If it were any other show, the sight of comedian Alan Carr sobbing under the burden of his dishonesty may have been enough to put off any celebrity thinking about accepting a place in the perilous Traitors' castle. Yet the second season of Celebrity Traitors, being filmed at its now famous Highlands retreat, has managed to attract one of the most high-profile casts ever assembled for a reality TV show. A Star-Studded Lineup Actors who open West End shows and others with Oscar nominations to their name will be plotting alongside the nation's most in-demand comedians and writers – and the odd fashion icon. The starry lineup was announced as filming began, amid speculation it would have been too hard to keep under wraps. The likes of Richard E Grant, Michael Sheen, and Jerry Hall will compete alongside Miranda Hart, Romesh Ranganathan, and James Acaster. The Appeal of the Game According to Stephen Lambert, the chief executive of the show's producer, Studio Lambert, the reason most celebrities gave for signing up to Celebrity Traitors was their love for the game itself. "Almost without exception, the first reason is that they're fans of the show," he said. "Beyond that, the answers are surprisingly personal: people who feel they've spent their careers in a particular public lane and want to show a different side of themselves; people whose children or grandchildren have effectively dared them into it; people who are fascinated by the psychology of the game and want to see how they'd hold up under pressure." The Casting Process TV insiders pointed to the show's other in-built advantages, including its intense but not too long filming schedule, and lack of embarrassment factor. "It's got everything going for it and I think that's why it's attracted an amazing cast," said Peter Fincham, a former BBC One controller. "However big the celebrity, to say 'I'm going on the Celebrity Traitors', there's no embarrassment." The Future of Reality TV The fact that so many big names have signed up to be faithfuls and traitors should not take away the skill of the show's casting. "The perfect cast isn't the most famous one, it's the one where everyone brings something different to the table," said Lambert. With a cast made up of actors, comedians, and fashion icons, the second season of Celebrity Traitors is set to be just as compelling as the first.

The Concept of the Garden Stinging nettles, buttercups, broken crockery, fly-tipped flowers and a discarded gnome are not the usual hallmarks of an RHS Chelsea flower show garden. But this year’s On the Edge garden by Sarah Eberle – the most decorated designer at Chelsea – is designed not to look like a garden at all, rather to transport its visitors to the liminal spaces on the outskirts of towns where the countryside begins and nature is in critical need of protection. The Garden's Design and Features The garden is about the fringe lands of towns and cities – and how vulnerable they are to development. There is very much a feel of the countryside to it, but with a town edge coming in, in its plant material. Right at the front is its centrepiece: a fallen mature tree sculpted into a reclining female figure by the chainsaw carver Chris Wood, “a mixture of stone and timber carved from a sequoia that’s fallen on this piece of edgelands”. The Symbolism of the Sculpture The sculpture, which represents Mother Nature or Gaia, the Greek goddess of the Earth, is intended to evoke the peacefulness and vulnerability of green belts and other countryside that surround urban centres. Its arm touches rainwater collected in a gravel pool and its willow hair flows into a dry stone wall that winds through a landscape dotted with native trees such as hornbeam, field maple and hawthorn. The Planting Scheme The planting scheme includes lots of wildlife-friendly native plants that are typically viewed as weeds, such as buttercup, wild strawberry, purple foxglove, cow parsley and stinging nettles. “There is beauty in our ordinary, native landscapes and the plants you find there – and a weed is only a plant in the wrong place,” said Eberle. The Impact of the Garden Eberle hopes the garden will help to convey how fragile, scrappy patches of countryside on the edges of towns and cities can serve as important sanctuaries for wildlife and urban communities. “If we look after these spaces, they can be good for nature and good for people,” she said.

The Cross-Border Attack Afghanistan's Taliban-led government has accused neighbouring Pakistan of killing three civilians in a cross-border attack, which Kabul has condemned as a 'war crime'. The Incident Details The incident on Monday marked the latest test of a fragile ceasefire between the two countries, brokered by China in April, following months of cross-border fighting that left hundreds dead and injured. Afghanistan's deputy government spokesman, Hamdullah Fitrat, said on X that 14 others were injured in the attack. He accused Islamabad of deliberately targeting civilian infrastructure, including homes, schools, a health centre, and mosques in Dangam, Kunar province, which lies along the border with Pakistan. The Diplomatic Fallout Islamabad has dismissed the allegations. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting suggested Kabul may have staged the destruction, saying in a post on X that images released by Afghanistan showed damage inconsistent with artillery strikes. It said the incident could be part of a 'propaganda effort' to discredit Pakistan, following cross-border attacks in March and April that killed nine people and that Islamabad blamed on its neighbour. The Security Situation The rise in tensions comes as one person was killed late on Monday in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, near the Afghan border, when security forces foiled a suicide attack at a checkpoint. Several others were injured as security personnel opened fire on the attacker's car, which was packed with explosives and heading towards a military post. The vehicle exploded before reaching its target. The Expert Analysis Director of the Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS) Muhammad Amir Rana told Al Jazeera that Pakistan faces multiple challenges in carrying out cross-border attacks. 'Precision is a real problem for Pakistan when it comes to its cross-border strikes. Effective and foolproof intelligence is the critical missing link – without it, controlling collateral damage becomes the central challenge.' 'What we are also seeing is that Pakistan's security situation has worsened considerably since the war on Iran began on February 28.' The Future Outlook Rana added he was not hopeful of a diplomatic breakthrough anytime soon. 'Pakistan's diplomatic capital is growing and it is not willing to offer any concessions to Kabul, while the Afghan side is asking why it should concede anything.'

The Lead At least four people have been killed in political unrest after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist party won the state election in West Bengal, police and party officials say. The Election Results and Violence Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) swept the polls in its first-ever victory in the key eastern state, home to about 100 million people, winning 206 of the 294 assembly seats. The results led to clashes between rival party supporters in the state capital, Kolkata, and other West Bengal districts. The BJP reported two of their workers were killed. The TMC party also reported two of their workers were beaten to death. The Data Analysis A senior police officer confirmed four deaths in clashes and said one officer had been shot in the leg. The violence resulted in the vandalism of public property and TMC party offices. The Impact Analysis The BJP's victory in the largely Bengali-speaking state is one of its most significant since Modi was first elected prime minister in 2014, expanding its dominance beyond the Hindi-speaking heartland of north and central India. The TMC party, led by Mamata Banerjee, had ruled West Bengal since 2011. The Prediction The Election Commission of India directed West Bengal's top officials to enforce "zero tolerance" towards any incidents of post-poll violence. Analysts say the BJP's win could have significant implications for the state's politics and potentially lead to further unrest.

The Hantavirus Outbreak on the Cruise Ship The World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed five cases of hantavirus linked to deaths aboard a cruise ship in the Atlantic Ocean. Another three cases are suspected of being linked to the Andes strain of the hantavirus. The WHO says more cases are possible, but the risk to public health remains low. Details of the Outbreak Speaking to reporters on Thursday, the UN health agency’s chief, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyeus said the WHO had been notified by the UK of a cluster of passengers with severe respiratory illness on the Hondius cruise ship, currently sailing from Cape Verde in the Atlantic to the Spanish island of Tenerife. “While this is a serious incident, WHO assesses the public health risk as low,” Ghebreyeus told reporters. Eight cases have been reported so far, including three dead, five confirmed and three suspected, he said. Understanding Hantavirus Hantaviruses are a group of viruses carried by rodents that can cause severe disease in people. They usually get infected through contact with infected rodents, their urine, droppings or saliva. The strain of hantavirus detected on the Dutch-flagged cruise ship is the Andes virus. It has been found in Latin America and is the only hantavirus known to be capable of limited human-to-human transmission. The Investigation and Response Before boarding the ship, the first two victims had travelled in Chile, Argentina and Uruguay on a bird watching trip, which included visits to sites home to rats known to carry hantavirus. Argentine authorities are investigating the couple’s movements. The WHO informed 12 countries whose nationals disembarked in Saint Helena. They are from Britain, Canada, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkiye and the United States.

The Deadliest Assault in Central Mali Dozens of people have been killed in attacks reportedly carried out by al-Qaeda-affiliated fighters in central Mali, the deadliest assault since armed groups launched a widespread coordinated assault late last month. Attack Details and Casualties According to local, security and administrative sources speaking to the AFP news agency on Thursday, attacks on the villages of Korikori and Gomossogou in the Mopti region killed at least 30 people a day earlier. Three sources – including an aid worker, a diplomat and a security source – separately told the news agency Reuters that the assailants had hit two unnamed localities in Mopti, killing at least 50 on Wednesday. The Resurgence of Violence in Mali The latest attacks come a day after armed fighters stormed the Kenieroba Central Prison, a recently built complex about 60km (37 miles) southwest of Bamako, which houses 2,500 prisoners, including at least 72 inmates considered “high value” by the Malian state. The Threat and Military Response During a news conference in Bamako on Wednesday, Malian army commander Djibrilla Maiga said fighters were attempting to reorganise after the April ⁠attacks, which killed Defence Minister Sadio Camara and drove Russian troops aligned with Mali’s leaders from ⁠the strategic northern town of Kidal. “The threat is still present,” Maiga said, though he added that the military was disrupting their manoeuvres.

The LeadRhetoric surrounding Sudan's ongoing war has escalated with both sides indicating preparedness for a decade-long conflict, with devastating humanitarian and economic consequences for the nation.Commanders' War DeclarationsRapid Support Forces (RSF) commander Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as "Hemedti," recently announced that his soldiers were prepared to keep fighting "until 2040 if necessary." His remarks came days after his rival and Sudan's army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan vowed to keep fighting until Sudan was "cleansed" of the RSF and estimated the war could last until 2033.Both sides increasingly appear to view the war as a long-term struggle for survival and control of Sudan, with UNDP Sudan Representative Luca Renda cautioning that "the longer the war continues, the greater the misery," describing the conflict as "the economics of suffering."Humanitarian CatastropheAccording to a joint report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Institute for Security Studies, more than 150,000 people have been killed since fighting began in 2023. Nearly 15 million people have been displaced, up to 24 million face food shortages and at least 19 million lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation.The report warns that Sudan's state institutions are on the verge of total collapse, with governance paralysed, healthcare and education systems shattered, markets destroyed, and production in agriculture, manufacturing and services severely weakened.Economic DevastationThe report projects that under a "Protracted Conflict" scenario with the war lasting until 2030, Sudan's GDP in 2043 would be US$34.5 billion lower than it would be with no war, GDP per capita would fall by roughly $1,700, while more than 60% of the population would be living in extreme poverty."A conflict lasting to 2030 would push an additional 34 million people into extreme poverty – that is the entire population of Ghana," Renda said. He warned that a $1,700 fall in per capita income in Sudan "is the difference between being a family that can eat and one that can't, between being a child who goes to school and one who goes to work."Despite Sudan's vast natural resources – including oil, gold and some of Africa's most fertile agricultural land – the war has crippled the infrastructure needed to sustain the economy. "Natural resources don't feed people on their own," Renda said, "and every year of war moves those resources further out of reach".Healthcare System CollapseHealthcare indicators point to an even more severe long-term crisis. Since the war began, an estimated 70–80 percent of health facilities in conflict zones have become non-functional because of targeted attacks and looting.At least 145 verified attacks on healthcare facilities and personnel have been documented, leaving about 65 percent of Sudan's population without adequate access to medical care. In Khartoum, only one in four hospitals remains operational in the capital.The report finds that Sudan was already seeing deaths increasing from non-communicable diseases, such as heart disease and stroke before the war. But the situation worsened after fighting escalated, with conflict-related injuries surging sharply, with more than 61,000 deaths estimated between April 2023 and June 2024 alone.Infant mortality is projected to worsen dramatically, with Sudan forecast to become one of the worst-performing low-income countries in Africa by 2043.Athar Abdalla Mohamed, a doctor and community medicine resident at the Sudan Medical Specialisation Board (SMSB), warned that the consequences of collapsing healthcare systems may continue for years after the war. "A child missing a vaccination today may become part of a preventable epidemic years later," she said.Education Crisis and Displacement"Nineteen million school-aged children have had their education disrupted, and only one in five schools is currently open," Renda said. "We are talking about a lost generation."He also warned that displacement is accelerating state collapse, as Sudan endures one of the world's worst displacement crises. "When doctors flee, clinics close. When teachers leave, schools shut," Renda explains. "Displacement doesn't just uproot people – it destroys communities and the fabric of the state, making it harder and harder to rebuild."Path to RecoveryRenda suggests that recovery remains possible if the war ends and reforms are implemented. Under a "Sudan Rising" scenario built around peace, governance reforms and economic reconstruction, Sudan's GDP could reach US$58.2 billion by 2043 – nearly US$20 billion higher than under current trends.Average economic growth could accelerate to five percent, while 17.3 million people could be lifted out of extreme poverty. "Our modelling shows what would be possible with peace this year and serious investment," Renda said. "That is a generation of work, but also a reason for hope and an irrefutable argument for doing everything possible to end the war now."Despite the scale of destruction, Dr Athar is optimistic that ongoing recovery efforts can lay the foundations for rebuilding Sudan. "I hope the ongoing efforts succeed in restoring hope, preserving what remains and helping build sustainable growth," she said.However, the trajectory appears to be moving in the opposite direction, with the doctor warning that Sudan is approaching a critical point. "Sudan cannot continue at this rate," she said. "The long term outcome depends greatly on whether efforts are made now to preserve essential services and invest in recovery before the damage becomes irreversible."Future OutlookWith both Hemedti and Burhan publicly signalling readiness for years – even decades – of war, Sudan risks becoming trapped in a cycle of state collapse, economic ruin and humanitarian devastation that could define an entire generation.

The Alleged Environmental Genocide A group of 298 petitioners from remote villages of Marsabit County in northern Kenya is suing BP and the Kenyan government over oil exploration waste from the 1980s that it says is causing a cancer cluster that has killed hundreds. The Cancer Cluster in Kargi Residents and local health workers say cancer cases and deaths have risen steadily, with more than 500 people reported dead from cancers affecting the digestive system, particularly the oesophagus and stomach. Many were from villages where access to medical care remains limited. The Impact of Oil Exploration Waste They believe rising cancer cases are linked to toxic waste left behind during oil exploration in the 1980s. Between 1986 and 1989, the US oil company Amoco, later acquired by BP, drilled exploration wells around the Chalbi Desert in search of oil. Foreign crews worked the area, found no viable deposits, and left. Residents say the company left more behind than empty wells. Mounting Evidence of Contamination Independent tests carried out since have pointed to possible contamination of local water sources, including the presence of heavy metals. Scientists have not yet established a definitive causal link between the contamination and the cancers, in part because long-term research has been thin. Legal Recourse for the Affected Communities The petitioners have sued BP and the Kenyan government, accusing both of failing to prevent or address environmental harm. They are seeking a full environmental assessment, access to safe water, and compensation for affected families and livestock losses. 'This is environmental genocide,' says Kelvin Kubai, the lawyer representing them.