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NASA’s Curiosity rover has identified five previously unseen organic molecules in a dried lakebed near Mars’ equator, confirming the presence of complex carbon‑based chemistry that has persisted for roughly 3.5 bn years. The discovery, published in Nature Communications, fuels debate over whether these compounds are remnants of ancient life or products of geological processes. Key Developments Five new organic molecules detected in a dried lakebed within Gale crater. Identification of benzothiophene and a nitrogen‑bearing precursor structurally similar to DNA building blocks. Scientists emphasize that the organics could be either biogenic or delivered by meteorites. Prof Amy Williams (University of Florida) notes the preservation of organics for 3.5 bn years despite harsh radiation. Findings published in Nature Communications and linked to upcoming ESA Rosalind Franklin mission (launch 2028). Data & Market Impact NASA’s Curiosity program cost approximately $2.5 billion over its decade‑long operation. The European Space Agency’s Rosalind Franklin rover, slated for a 2028 launch, carries a budget of roughly €1.3 billion, reflecting growing international investment in Mars exploration. Increased public and private interest (e.g., SpaceX’s Mars ambitions) is driving a surge in funding for planetary science, with global space‑related R&D; spending projected to exceed $150 billion by 2030. Why This Matters Confirms that complex organics can survive Mars’ radiation, expanding the window for detecting biosignatures. Strengthens the scientific case for sample‑return missions, which could finally distinguish biogenic from abiotic origins. Boosts public enthusiasm and political support for continued investment in planetary science. Provides a comparative baseline for Earth’s early chemistry, informing models of how life originated on our planet. Impacts planetary protection protocols by highlighting the persistence of organics that could contaminate future missions. Expert Insight The detection of benzothiophene—a sulphur‑rich compound commonly delivered by carbonaceous meteorites—suggests that exogenous delivery played a significant role in seeding Mars with pre‑biotic material. However, the nitrogen‑bearing molecule’s structural similarity to DNA precursors hints at in‑situ synthesis pathways that may have operated under ancient Martian conditions. The coexistence of both exogenous and endogenous organics challenges the simplistic “meteorite‑only” narrative and points to a more complex pre‑biotic chemistry that could have supported microbial ecosystems during the planet’s habitable window (approximately 3.7–4.1 bn years ago). What Happens Next The ESA Rosalind Franklin rover will drill up to 2 m below the surface, enabling isotopic analyses that can discriminate between biological and geological origins. NASA’s planned Mars Sample Return campaign, targeting a 2028 launch, will retrieve curated rock cores for Earth‑based laboratory study, potentially providing definitive evidence of past life. International collaborations are likely to intensify, with joint data‑sharing agreements that could accelerate the timeline for a conclusive answer. Policy makers may leverage these findings to justify increased budgets for astrobiology research and to refine planetary protection standards for future human missions.

In the spirit of Carl Linnaeus, the father of taxonomy, a group of scientists has embarked on a mission to document the vast array of species that inhabit our planet. Through the lens of their cameras, they capture the intricate details of tiny wasps and the unique features of hairy plants, highlighting the incredible diversity of life on Earth.This photographic journey is not just about capturing images; it's about sharing a passion for biodiversity and species documentation. By doing so, these scientists aim to inspire a greater appreciation and understanding of the natural world, much like Linnaeus did centuries ago.Their work is a testament to the power of scientific research and environmental studies in promoting conservation and sustainability. Through their photographs, they provide a glimpse into the fascinating world of taxonomy and the importance of preserving our planet's ecological balance.

A recent study funded by NASA has revealed that the Earth continues to get brighter every year, with a 16% increase in artificial light between 2014 and 2022. However, the progression has become increasingly volatile due to factors such as Covid-19, regulations on light pollution, and a faltering global economy.The study, conducted by researchers at the University of Connecticut (UConn), analyzed over 1.1 million satellite images taken over a nine-year period. The findings indicate that while some parts of the planet became dimmer, helping to offset a 34% overall rise in global radiance, others experienced significant brightening.Europe dimmed significantly due to efficiency regulations, while Venezuela lost more than 26% of its night-time light due to economic collapse. The Covid-19 pandemic also had an impact, with lockdowns, reduced industrial activity, and decreased tourism causing dimming in many areas.In contrast, Asia continued to lead all regions in brightening, with night-time light surging in China and northern India along with urban development. The study also revealed that energy conservation measures coincided with reduced light pollution in Paris and throughout France, which experienced a 33% dimming.The researchers used satellite images taken at approximately 1:30 am local time every day of the nine-year study period by NASA's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite. The study's co-author, Zhe Zhu, described the experience as "like watching the heartbeat of the planet".The findings have significant implications for energy security and environmental sustainability. As Deborah Gordon, senior principal of the Rocky Mountain Institute's climate intelligence program, noted, "Understanding where gas is being wasted around the globe, and to have this data be public, is huge for energy, and economic and environmental security."

Despite facing personal challenges, including a restraining order and homelessness, Kershaw continued to work in radio, eventually returning to Radio 3 to co-present Music Planet and report on The One Show.

From my home in Hawai‘i, the reef is more than a backdrop—it feeds families, shields shorelines, and anchors our culture. Today that vital connection is under unprecedented threat. Scientists report the most extensive coral‑bleaching episode ever recorded, persisting for 33 months into 2025. At a projected 1.5 °C rise in global temperatures, the IPCC warns that up to 90% of the world’s coral reefs could disappear. That temperature threshold is not a distant projection; it is looming now. Even if climate targets are eventually met, reefs continue to be battered by plastic waste, coastal development, agricultural runoff, and overfishing. Their degradation weakens natural storm barriers, leaving coastal communities more vulnerable to floods and erosion, jeopardising homes, jobs, and cultural heritage. In Hawai‘i we speak of kuleana—a generational duty to protect what sustains us. That principle must expand to every person on the planet: caring for reefs is caring for ourselves. On the ground, communities in French Polynesia have shown that, when equipped with the right tools, they can actively restore damaged reefs. Likewise, my collaboration with the Global Fund for Coral Reefs and the UN Environment Programme demonstrates how targeted financing can create sustainable livelihoods, boost marine conservation, and help coastal societies rebound after extreme weather. Time, however, is not on our side. The next twelve months could become a defining turning point for coral ecosystems. New scientific findings and a series of high‑profile gatherings—including the Kenya Ocean Conference, the International Coral Reef Symposium in New Zealand, and the upcoming Global Coral Reef Summit—will focus world attention on reef survival. The responsibility now lies with governments, businesses, and individuals alike. Proven actions include: cutting carbon footprints, eliminating plastic leakage, protecting keystone species, supporting reef‑positive enterprises, investing in resilient coastal economies, enacting protective legislation, and amplifying public advocacy. Moments like 2026 are not just about pledges; they are about swift, measurable change. Coral reefs cannot wait for perfect plans—they need us to act now, embodying the spirit of kuleana for the sake of our children and the ocean that sustains us. Jason Momoa is an actor, filmmaker, and UNEP Advocate for Life Below Water, dedicated to protecting oceans and raising global awareness of coral‑reef conservation.

Tehran has issued an uncompromising demand for $270 billion in reparations for the devastation wrought by United States and Israeli strikes since the war began on 28 February. The figure, disclosed by government spokeswoman Fatemeh Mohajerani in an interview with Russia’s RIA Novosti, aggregates both direct and indirect losses across a wide range of sectors. Iran’s UN envoy asserted that five regional states must contribute to the compensation, alleging that their territories served as launchpads for attacks on Iranian soil. In parallel, Tehran floated a Strait of Hormuz protocol that would levy a tax on vessels transiting the strategic waterway, earmarking the proceeds for reconstruction. The war has battered Iran’s critical infrastructure: oil and gas complexes, petrochemical plants, steel and aluminium factories, as well as military installations have been repeatedly struck. Damage extends to bridges, ports, railways, universities, research centres, power stations and desalination plants, while countless hospitals, schools and civilian homes have been either damaged or razed. In the aviation sector, Maghsoud Asadi Samani, secretary of the Association of Iranian Airlines, reported that 60 civilian aircraft have been rendered inoperable, with 20 completely destroyed. Iran now operates roughly 160 passenger planes, many of which are decades old and suffer from parts shortages due to stringent US sanctions. The airline industry estimates losses exceeding 300 trillion rials (≈ $190 million) over just 40 days of conflict, compounded by the loss of anticipated revenue from the Nowruz holiday period. Despite the extensive damage, Iranian officials have signalled no willingness to make major concessions in forthcoming negotiations with Washington, including on nuclear enrichment. Hard‑line parliament spokesman Ebrahim Rezaei warned that extending the recent two‑week ceasefire would merely allow the US and Israel to replenish their arsenals, urging the United States to either recognise Iran’s rights—particularly over the Strait of Hormuz—or return to hostilities. Financially, Iran allocated close to $8 billion to its military in 2024, according to SIPRI, and has pledged to triple that budget following previous missile exchanges with Israel. Yet the economy remains strained by years of sanctions, mismanagement and corruption. Compounding the economic strain, the government‑imposed near‑total internet shutdown—affecting over 90 million users—has been estimated to cost the nation up to $80 million per day. Afshin Kolahi of the Iran Chamber of Commerce warned that the blackout equates to losing the output of four B1‑class bridges and two medium‑capacity power plants each day. While a limited “Internet Pro” service is being offered to select users, the majority of the population remains confined to a state‑controlled intranet, prompting widespread calls for internet freedom. These intertwined military, economic and digital pressures underscore the high stakes of the anticipated US‑Iran talks, with Tehran demanding acknowledgment of its losses and a pathway to rebuild a war‑torn nation.

Israeli military forces have launched a series of strikes across the Gaza Strip, resulting in the deaths of at least 11 Palestinians, including two children, a three-year-old and a 14-year-old. These attacks occurred despite a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas that came into effect on October 10 last year.The violence escalated in the northern part of the Gaza enclave on Tuesday, with Gaza's Civil Defence authorities and the Reuters news agency confirming the deaths. Mahmoud Basal, spokesman for Gaza's Civil Defence, reported that four people were killed, including the three-year-old, in a strike targeting a police vehicle in Gaza City. The Ministry of Interior stated that Israeli warplanes had targeted the police vehicle, causing several deaths and injuries, with a police officer among those killed and at least nine bystanders wounded, some critically.Further violence was reported in the northern Beit Lahiya area, where another person was killed by Israeli fire earlier in the day. Later on Tuesday evening, Civil Defence reported that another Israeli strike killed several people near an intersection in the Shati refugee camp in Gaza City. Medics at Al-Shifa Hospital confirmed receiving five bodies from an Israeli drone bombing involving two missiles that hit a group of people in the Shati refugee camp.Despite the ceasefire, Israeli forces continue to carry out daily strikes on Gaza, resulting in almost 760 Palestinians killed since the truce was agreed upon. The Gaza Ministry of Health reported that an additional 2,111 Palestinians have been injured in Israeli attacks since the ceasefire was announced, while a total of 72,336 people have been killed by Israeli forces since the start of Israel's war on the territory on October 7, 2023.

Brazilian media have reported that Alexandre Ramagem, the country's former intelligence chief, has been detained by US immigration authorities. Ramagem had fled to the United States after being convicted in connection with a coup plot on behalf of former right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro.According to CNN Brazil, Ramagem was arrested by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on Monday. The Brazilian outlet Globo reported that the arrest took place in Florida. The Brazilian government has sought extradition of Ramagem, who was sentenced to 16 years in prison for his involvement in efforts to keep Bolsonaro in power after he lost the country's 2022 election to leftist challenger Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.Reports state that Ramagem fled Brazil in September, illegally crossing the border into Guyana before taking a plane to the US. The Brazilian embassy in Washington, DC filed documentation with the US Department of State seeking his extradition on December 30, 2025. Bolsonaro himself is currently serving a 27-year prison sentence after being convicted in September.

The relationship between Britain and Israel has come under scrutiny as the UK government faces criticism for its response to Israel's actions in Lebanon and the West Bank. A recent report revealed that Donald Trump asked Benjamin Netanyahu to be more 'low-key' in Lebanon, sparking concerns about the international community's stance on the issue.As someone who is Palestinian Lebanese, the author notes that the West Bank is often overlooked, allowing the killing and dispossession to continue quietly. In contrast, Lebanon has garnered more attention due to the scale of violence, with 300 people killed in just 10 minutes. The message from Washington, it seems, is to keep the actions quiet and take the land without drawing attention.Britain's response has been condemnation, but critics argue that words are not enough. The UK's continued preferential trade terms with Israel and supply of components for warplanes and weapons systems used in strikes have raised questions about its complicity. The author asks, 'What has to happen before our government acts – rather than simply condemns?'The issue has sparked a wider conversation about the role of governments in addressing human rights abuses and the need for more concrete action. As one reader noted, 'When Trump destroys the world those who are left will look at one another and wonder why nobody stopped him.'