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Renewed diplomatic activity is gathering momentum as Pakistan assumes a central mediating role in the stalled US‑Iran conflict. A senior Pakistani delegation, headed by Army Chief Field Marshal Asim Munir, arrived in Tehran to convey messages from Washington, while Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif embarked on a regional tour that includes stops in Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Turkiye. Iran’s foreign ministry confirmed that Tehran and Washington have maintained contact since the Islamabad talks ended on Sunday, and the White House expressed optimism about convening a second round of peace negotiations in the Pakistani capital. Iran’s warning on the Strait of Hormuz added a sharp edge to the diplomatic push. Adviser Mohsen Rezaei cautioned that continued US enforcement of a naval blockade could prompt Tehran to target American vessels in the strategic waterway. The United States has already tightened restrictions on ships linked to Iranian ports, turning several vessels back before they can dock. In parallel, internal divisions in Washington persisted. The Senate rejected a resolution that would have limited US war powers without congressional approval, underscoring the political friction surrounding the conflict. Key diplomatic developments include: Second‑round talks: The White House announced that a follow‑up peace round with Iran is under discussion and that officials are hopeful a deal can be reached. China’s endorsement: Foreign Minister Wang Yi told his Iranian counterpart that Beijing supports maintaining the momentum of the ceasefire and ongoing negotiations. Saudi‑Pakistani engagement: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman met Prime Minister Sharif in Jeddah to discuss regional stability and the US‑Iran dialogue, with Pakistan’s mediation highlighted as a focal point. US‑Qatar dialogue: President Donald Trump consulted with Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani on regional developments, emphasizing oil market stability and gas pricing. On the US side, the administration imposed fresh sanctions targeting more than two dozen individuals, companies and vessels tied to Iranian oil magnate Mohammad Hossein Shamkhani. The US Central Command reported that 10 vessels were blocked from leaving Iranian ports within the first 48 hours of the naval blockade, a clear signal of escalating pressure. Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reiterated that Israel and the United States share “identical” objectives to contain Iran, while also stating that Israeli military operations would continue unabated. He emphasized the priority of dismantling Hezbollah in Lebanon, marking the first direct talks with Lebanese leaders in decades. In Lebanon, the humanitarian toll deepened. The Health Ministry reported that at least 2,167 people have been killed and more than 7,000 injured by Israeli strikes, with approximately 1.2 million residents displaced since March 2. The UN special rapporteur on housing warned that Israel’s tactics mirror those used in Gaza, calling for an immediate halt to the bombing. Economically, the war’s ripple effects are already manifesting worldwide. World Bank chief economist Indermit Gill warned that the conflict could push the number of people facing acute food insecurity up by about 20 %, adding roughly 300 million individuals to the crisis. Meanwhile, optimism over a potential diplomatic breakthrough sent major US stock indices to record highs on Wednesday. Overall, the convergence of high‑level diplomatic outreach, heightened military warnings, and growing economic concerns underscores a pivotal moment in the US‑Iran war, with Pakistan’s mediation and regional engagements shaping the prospects for a ceasefire.

Chinese President Xi Jinping has met with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, calling for closer and stronger strategic coordination between Beijing and Moscow. The meeting took place in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, where Xi emphasized the need to firmly defend their legitimate interests and safeguard the unity of Global South countries.Xi described the stability and certainty of China-Russia relations as particularly precious in an international landscape marked by change and chaos. This comes as the world faces growing fears over the shutdown of the Strait of Hormuz, which could trigger a global food crisis as critical fertiliser and fuel exports are blocked.Lavrov told a news conference after meeting Xi that Moscow could compensate for China’s energy shortages as shipping through the strait remains choked. China and Russia are not formal military allies but maintain extremely close economic and political ties, with Xi signing a 'no limits' strategic partnership with President Vladimir Putin in 2022.The visit by Lavrov to Beijing this week also included meetings with other leaders, such as Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez, Abu Dhabi’s Crown Prince Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, and Vietnamese leader To Lam. In talks with Sanchez, Xi warned that the world was facing 'chaos and turmoil' and 'a contest between justice and force', urging closer cooperation.

Swiss ice‑hockey head coach Patrick Fischer has publicly acknowledged that he travelled to Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympics using a fabricated COVID‑19 vaccination certificate. In a statement, Fischer described the act as a “serious mistake” and expressed regret for disappointing fans and officials. Fischer explained that he was caught in a personal dilemma, refusing vaccination yet unwilling to let his team miss the Games. "I was in an extraordinary personal crisis because I didn’t want to be vaccinated," he said, adding that he did not want to let his squad down. Swiss public broadcaster SRF presented evidence that Fischer had been fined nearly 39,000 Swiss francs (about $50,000) in 2023 for document forgery after purchasing the counterfeit certificate on social media. The coach disclosed his admission shortly after SRF’s confrontation. Despite the controversy, Fischer remains at the helm of the Swiss national team until after the World Championship scheduled next month, after which he is set to step down. The Swiss Ice Hockey Federation has stated that it considers the matter closed. Fischer, who has led the team since 2015, is among Switzerland’s most successful hockey coaches, guiding the squad to three Olympic appearances and securing three silver medals at the World Championships. Under his leadership, Switzerland reached the quarterfinals at the 2022 Olympics, a tournament that required strict COVID‑19 testing and saw the NHL abstain due to pandemic concerns. China imposed some of the world’s toughest COVID‑19 protocols for the Beijing Games, mandating vaccination or a three‑week quarantine for all athletes—a rule that Swiss snowboarder Patrizia Kummer chose to follow. The International Olympic Committee has not yet commented on the incident.

Sergey Lavrov touched down in Beijing as Washington intensified its pressure on Iran by attempting to block the Strait of Hormuz, a waterway that carries roughly one‑third of China’s oil imports. The Russian foreign minister was greeted with a red‑carpet reception, according to photos released by Russia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Both Beijing and Moscow condemned the United States and Israel over their involvement in the ongoing war on Iran, noting that the conflict has already strained China’s energy supplies. China, a major purchaser of Iranian crude, denounced a newly announced U.S. plan to prohibit vessels from entering or leaving Iranian ports and coastal waters, calling the measure an unjustified interference with international trade. “The Strait of Hormuz is a vital international trade route for goods and energy, and its security and uninterrupted flow serve the common interest of the global community,” Chinese MFA spokesman Guo Jiakun said on Monday. According to Al Jazeera’s Alan Fisher, the U.S. hopes that by choking Iran’s trade it can force China to pressure Tehran into returning to negotiations, given that Beijing imports about a third of its oil from Iran. Lavrov also held a telephone conversation with Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, emphasizing the need to prevent any resurgence of hostilities in the Middle East and reiterating Russia’s “unwavering readiness” to assist in a diplomatic settlement. Araghchi relayed details of recent U.S.–Iran talks in Pakistan, which ended without a breakthrough, underscoring the limited diplomatic progress on the issue. The visit comes as China‑Russia relations have deepened since Russia’s full‑scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Earlier in the week, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi spoke with Lavrov, agreeing that the two capitals would cooperate to de‑escalate tensions in the region. Beijing’s diplomatic calendar this week also featured meetings with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez, United Arab Emirates President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, and an upcoming visit by Vietnamese President To Lam, highlighting China’s active role in global diplomacy despite its low‑profile stance on the Iran conflict. Analysts note that China’s restrained approach allows it to position itself as a “reliable, stable and predictable partner” for states seeking alternatives to U.S. influence, especially given its extensive trade ties with Tehran. Former U.S. President Donald Trump, slated to visit Beijing next month, warned he would impose a 50 percent tariff on Chinese goods if China provides military assistance to Iran. The claim followed a CNN report citing U.S. intelligence that China might deliver new air‑defence systems to Tehran. Chinese officials dismissed the report as “completely fabricated” and warned of “resolute counter‑measures” should the United States use it as a pretext for additional tariffs.

Senior Chinese diplomat Sun Weidong has been dismissed from his post as vice minister of foreign affairs, in the latest case of a high-ranking official being removed from office by Beijing. The Ministry of Human Resources announced the news in a brief post on its website on Tuesday, citing a decision of the State Council, the highest body of state power in China.The post did not specify why or when Sun had been dismissed, but the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website shows his last public engagements were meetings with the ambassadors of Brunei and Malaysia to China on March 13. Two days earlier, Sun had met Pakistan’s ambassador to China to discuss bilateral cooperation.Dismissals of this kind in the Chinese government usually indicate high-level disciplinary action and are often followed by news of an investigation. Sun’s dismissal notice included the removal of another official, An Lusheng, from his post as deputy director of the National Railway Administration.Since coming to power in 2012, President Xi Jinping has carried out a wide-ranging anticorruption campaign targeting “tigers and flies”, meaning high- and low-ranking officials. Last year, China investigated more than one million corruption cases and disciplined 938,000 people, according to its Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and National Supervisory Commission.The list of cases involving disciplinary action included 69 provincial or ministerial-level officials, 4,155 bureau-level officials, 35,000 county-level officials, and 125,000 township-level officials, according to the commission’s year-end report. Senior Chinese military officials have also been caught up in Xi’s anticorruption campaign sweeps.

The Victoria & Albert Museum has acceded to a Chinese printer’s demand to excise several maps and photographs from recent exhibition catalogues, illustrating how Beijing’s censorship apparatus can reach even Western cultural publications. According to documents obtained by The Guardian through freedom‑of‑information requests, the Chinese company C&C Offset Printing flagged a 1930s British‑empire trade‑route map as non‑compliant with the standards of the General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP). The printer instructed the museum to either delete the page or replace it with an approved image. Faced with the request, V&A; staff approved the change, acknowledging that the map’s depiction of China’s borders triggered the rejection. An internal email noted the delay caused by the edit, stating that the catalogue’s production was paused while the offending page was revised. Cost considerations lie at the heart of the decision. Like the British Museum, Tate and the British Library, the V&A; routinely commissions Chinese printers because they can deliver catalogues at roughly half the price of European firms. This financial incentive, however, comes with the implicit obligation to obey Chinese content restrictions covering topics such as Buddhism, Taiwan, Tibet, Tiananmen Square and other subjects deemed politically sensitive. The museum’s compliance extended beyond the map issue. For a catalogue accompanying the 2021 Fabergé exhibition, the V&A; also removed a photograph of Lenin after the printer warned that the image could be considered “sensitive” by Chinese authorities. V&A; spokespersons described the alterations as “minor” and asserted that the institution maintains “close editorial oversight” when printing abroad. They emphasized that any change that would compromise the narrative would be rejected, and that the museum would relocate production if necessary. Other cultural bodies have responded differently. The British Museum declined to comment on how it handles similar censorship requests for at least eight publications printed in China, while the British Library claimed it has never encountered such issues. Tate Publishing, meanwhile, confirmed that Chinese printers have produced several of its children’s books but insisted that no content has ever been altered at a printer’s behest. A UK publisher who preferred anonymity highlighted the trade‑off: Chinese printing is markedly cheaper, yet the process introduces delays while materials are screened for politically sensitive content, especially references to Tibet or disputed borders. Former employee of C&C Offset Printing remarked that complying with Chinese government directives is standard practice for domestic firms, underscoring the systemic nature of the censorship. These revelations raise broader questions about the ethical implications of cost‑driven outsourcing for publicly funded institutions and the extent to which they are willing to compromise editorial independence to meet budgetary targets.

Oil prices jumped back above $100 a barrel and global stocks fell after weekend talks between the US and Iran ended without an agreement and Donald Trump imposed a blockade of the Strait of Hormuz. The US president announced the blockade on Sunday, targeting Iranian vessels and ships that have paid a toll to Iran for passage through the strait, in an attempt to choke off the flow of Iranian oil.US Central Command said it would start at 10am ET (5.30pm in Iran and 3pm in the UK), blocking all Iranian Gulf ports and coastal areas, in effect seizing control of maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz. The news drove oil and gas prices sharply higher again, after the two-week ceasefire between the US and Iran announced on Wednesday prompted a sharp fall in energy prices, and crude ended the week below the psychological $100 a barrel threshold.Brent crude rose by nearly 7% to $101.74 a barrel on Monday morning, while US crude is up more than 8% to $104.69 a barrel. Gas prices also increased, with the British wholesale gas contract for May soaring by 11.7% to 122.5p a therm. Analysts at JPMorgan Chase said last week they expected oil prices to stay high in the second quarter, above $100 a barrel, before easing in the second half of the year.Most Asian stock markets fell on Monday, with Japan’s Nikkei down 0.7% and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index losing 1%, while Chinese stocks rose slightly. Sentiment was helped by Beijing’s announcement of a 10-initiative strategy aimed at deepening ties with Taiwan. European stocks also fell, led by airlines including Lufthansa, Wizz Air, easyJet and British Airways parent IAG. The FTSE 100 index in London lost 0.4%, dropping 45 points to 10,555. Germany’s Dax fell 1%, Italy’s FTSE MiB slipped 0.7% and Spain’s Ibex was down 1.1%. With oil and gas prices rising sharply higher, energy companies such as BP and Shell are rallying.Priyanka Sachdeva, senior market analyst at the broker Phillip Nova, said: “In today’s environment, every barrel of risk added to oil markets carries an inflation price tag for the global economy.” She added: “The market reaction underscores a simple but powerful reality: Hormuz risk is not theoretical; it is structural, and it is real.”Interest rate expectations have shifted again; investors now see an 84% chance of two rate increases from the Bank of England this year to tackle rising inflation, up from 60% on Friday. Before the Iran war, the central bank was expected to cut rates. The price of gold fell 0.4% to $4,730.75 an ounce as the blockade fuelled inflation concerns, prompting traders to scale back expectations for Federal Reserve rate cuts this year.

The Artemis II crew has just returned from a ten‑day journey that looped around the Moon, marking only the second launch of the Artemis system and the first with humans aboard. NASA admits that the limited data from this mission makes risk assessment difficult.To date, the Artemis programme has consumed almost $100 billion (≈£75 billion). The U.S. Congress’s 2025 "one big beautiful bill" earmarked $9.9 billion for the upcoming Artemis IV and V flights, with even larger sums projected for a permanent lunar base.The scientific case for lunar exploration remains compelling: studying the Moon can illuminate the Solar System’s formation and provide a pristine platform for telescopes, especially on the far side where radio interference is minimal.However, the article questions whether human presence is essential. While astronauts still offer unique capabilities, the author suggests that within a decade robots—already proven on Mars by Curiosity and Perseverance—will outperform humans in cost, endurance, and operational flexibility.China’s lunar ambitions underscore the geopolitical stakes. After successful robotic orbiters and landers, Beijing retrieved the first far‑side soil samples in 2024 and plans a 2025 mission to the south pole with an orbiter, lander, and "mini‑hopper". By 2028, China aims to test equipment for a lunar base, potentially mirroring the U.S. push for crewed landings.Advances in AI, sensor technology, and autonomous navigation could soon enable robots to conduct near‑self‑directed scientific surveys and even construct infrastructure, diminishing the practical advantage of astronauts.Historical examples, such as the Hubble Space Telescope’s on‑orbit repairs, are revisited. The article cites Riccardo Giacconi’s view that, without the human element, multiple Hubble‑class telescopes could have been launched for the same budget, illustrating how crewed interventions may no longer be cost‑effective.The launch of the James Webb Space Telescope in 2021—operating far beyond the reach of routine astronaut servicing—demonstrates that complex, high‑value missions can succeed without crewed support, reinforcing the argument that human spaceflight now serves more as a prestige project than a scientific necessity.In conclusion, while the awe of viewing Earth from lunar orbit endures, the article contends that the future of space exploration will be defined by robots and private sponsorship, not by the costly and risky deployment of astronauts to the Moon or beyond.

US President Donald Trump has announced that countries supplying Iran with military weapons will face immediate 50% tariffs on all goods sold to the United States, with no exemptions. This move comes hours after Trump agreed to a two-week ceasefire with Tehran.In a social media post, Trump stated that 'A Country supplying Military Weapons to Iran will be immediately tariffed, on any and all goods sold to the United States of America, 50%, effective immediately. There will be no exclusions or exemptions!'However, experts have raised questions about the legal authority behind Trump's announcement, as the Supreme Court struck down his use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose broad global tariffs in February. The IEEPA has been used extensively for decades to back financial sanctions against Iran, Russia, and North Korea.Rachel Ziemba, adjunct senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, told Al Jazeera that 'it's a lot more complicated to do that after IEEPA was struck down. There's no immediate policy lever and authorisation that is available for the US to do that. So they need either an act of Congress or need to adapt some other trade tool.'Trump did not specify which countries could face punitive tariffs, but China and Russia have helped Iran build military capacity to counter US and Israeli pressure. The US imports from Russia have fallen sharply since the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and the wave of financial sanctions imposed on Moscow.Josh Lipsky, vice president and chair of international economics at the Atlantic Council, said that 'this is a China-related threat, the way I read it. And China will read it that way.' However, he also noted that Trump was unlikely to follow through with new tariffs in the near term because that would derail his planned trip to Beijing to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping in mid-May.