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The UK government is considering plans to provide financial support to households hardest hit by the looming energy crisis, with a focus on targeting those who need it most. Energy bills are forecast to hit nearly £2,000 a year from July, prompting concerns about the impact on low-income households.Under one plan, extra cash could be injected into the crisis and resilience fund (CRF), a £1bn a year council-run scheme in England that provides preventative support to communities and assists people facing financial crises. The fund could be topped up to help cushion households identified by councils as facing particular hardship from higher energy bills.Chancellor Rachel Reeves has ruled out universal support and is under pressure from financial markets to limit the extent of the support to keep within budget spending limits. However, she has emphasized the need for targeted support, saying: "The progressive, universal approach that we are taking is the right one … £150 off everyone’s energy bills, but then targeted support for those who need it most."The government is also exploring other options, including expanding support to households that have high bills but do not currently qualify for benefits. This could involve allowing councils to dispense funds to households in need.Rising energy costs have been driven by the conflict in the Middle East, with Brent crude oil prices surging to over $116 a barrel. The global oil benchmark is on course for a record monthly rise of nearly 60%, exceeding gains made during the 1990 Gulf war.The UK's interest rate on 10-year debt has also hit its highest level since the 2008 financial crisis, just over 5%, although rates eased to 4.95% by Monday. Government borrowing costs around the world have climbed since the US and Israel attacked Iran, as financial markets calculate that governments will be urged to borrow more heavily to cope with the war's aftershocks.

Rachel Reeves, the UK Chancellor, is set to warn G7 nations that they must move faster on clean energy to insulate economies against global price shocks from oil and gas. This comes as she and Energy Secretary Ed Miliband meet with G7 finance and energy ministers.Reeves will emphasize that long-term energy security from renewables and nuclear is the only way to prevent future crises, in a rebuke to the Conservatives and Reform who have urged her to end the ban on new oil and gas licenses.“As we move faster on renewables and nuclear, our partners in the G7 must do the same – because staying stuck on the rollercoaster of global oil and gas prices will help nobody,” Reeves stated.Reeves will argue that the G7 nations should not “shift pressure on to partners or weaken collective resilience” – a veiled warning about easing sanctions on Russian energy or on new trade barriers.The UK government plans to implement the Fingleton review this year to speed up the delivery of new nuclear power.Reeves rejected calls from the Conservatives to issue new oil and gas licenses in the North Sea, stating they would not insulate the UK from further energy shocks or bring down UK consumers’ bills.

The ongoing Iran war has led to a surge in petrol and diesel prices, sparking concerns about fuel rationing across Europe and calls for Britain to increase North Sea oil and gas production. However, experts suggest that a more effective solution lies in promoting electric vehicles (EVs). According to analysis by Mandala Partners, if the UK had the same proportion of electric cars as Norway, its fuel reserve could increase by seven days. Currently, the UK has about three weeks' worth of car fuel in reserve. Norway leads the world with nearly 32% of its cars being fully electric, compared to 5.4% in the UK. Even with the existing number of electric and hybrid cars on British roads, they are already saving about two days' worth of fuel. This is particularly significant given that Shell's chief executive, Wael Sawan, has warned that Europe could face fuel shortages as early as April if the Strait of Hormuz remains closed. The potential impact of EVs goes beyond just reducing petrol and diesel consumption. Every electric car charged from the grid rather than the pump extends the country's fuel reserves. Moreover, with the right technology, EVs could become an active buffer against future energy shocks by storing and resharing energy. Vehicle-to-grid technology, which allows EVs to send energy back into the power grid, could make a significant difference in an energy supply crisis. An electric car usually holds about 40 kilowatt-hours of power, enough for an average UK home for several days. This technology could enable millions of car batteries to supply power to the grid when demand spikes. Despite these benefits, the adoption of EVs and vehicle-to-grid technology faces challenges. Tax policy is a significant barrier, as EV owners pay tax on electricity when filling their car battery and again when selling it back to the grid. Additionally, the hardware for two-way charging is not yet widely available, although many electric cars are already capable of it. The energy regulator Ofgem has suggested that if half of the expected 11m EVs on UK roads by 2030 were capable of two-way charging, they could send 16 gigawatts of power back to the grid each day, almost half the output of Britain's gas-power station fleet.

The reliance on oil revenue has significant implications for countries like Iran and Nigeria, as well as the broader African continent. Economic diversification remains a crucial goal for these nations to mitigate the risks associated with fluctuating oil prices and global energy trends.Africa, in particular, faces a complex situation, as many countries on the continent are heavily reliant on oil exports to drive economic growth. This oil dependency can make these nations vulnerable to external economic shocks and limit their ability to invest in long-term sustainable development.Iran and Nigeria, as two of Africa's largest oil producers, are working to diversify their economies and reduce their dependence on oil revenue. This process involves investing in alternative sectors, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and renewable energy, to create a more resilient and sustainable economic foundation.

The deadly conflict in Iran has precipitated what the International Energy Agency describes as the worst oil crisis in history, creating a complex situation for global clean energy efforts. While climate advocates are calling for accelerated transition away from fossil fuels, the war simultaneously presents both opportunities and significant challenges for renewable energy development.US-Israeli strikes on Iran have critically disrupted supply routes through the Strait of Hormuz, a maritime channel through which 20% of global oil flows. The conflict has also seen direct attacks on fossil fuel infrastructure by all parties involved, creating additional market shocks and uncertainty.Interestingly, reduced reliance on oil and gas is proving beneficial for some regions navigating the ongoing fuel crisis. As Jan Rosenow, a professor of energy at Oxford University, explains: Electricity generated from wind and solar is largely insulated from fossil fuel price volatility – once built, the fuel is free.Countries with substantial renewable energy investments are demonstrating greater resilience. Spain and Portugal have witnessed electricity prices decline in recent weeks, while Pakistan has experienced a surge in rooftop solar installations over the past five years, helping the nation weather oil and gas market disruptions.The electric vehicle revolution is also providing some economies with protection against gasoline price increases. In China, more than 50% of all new cars sold are electric, while in Nepal, that figure reaches an impressive 70%.However, the war is creating near-term challenges that could impede clean energy growth. The conflict has disrupted transport routes for metals essential in solar panel construction, particularly aluminum. The Middle East accounts for approximately 9% of global aluminum production, and regional producers have begun scaling back operations amid the hostilities.Furthermore, the inflationary pressures stemming from the conflict pose significant hurdles for renewable energy projects, which require substantial upfront investment for construction, equipment, and installation.Paradoxically, the war and resulting energy shocks have provided a short-term boon for fossil fuels, including coal. Many Asian countries heavily reliant on imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) are burning more coal to meet energy demand as LNG supplies through the Strait of Hormuz become constrained.The conflict has also incentivized increased oil and gas drilling and exploration, as countries scramble to replace disrupted LNG supplies and higher prices make previously unviable projects economically viable. US company Venture Global recently announced a new five-year contract to supply LNG, while Canadian energy company TC Energy indicated that Iran war disruptions are increasing the likelihood of expanding a massive LNG export facility.The Trump administration has further incentivized oil expansion, recently announcing plans to pay a French company $1 billion to abandon offshore wind farm projects in favor of fossil fuel initiatives.Experts propose various policy responses to encourage the green transition during this crisis. Rosenow advocates for tax reform to reduce the disproportionate burden on electricity compared to gas. Professor Gregor Semieniuk suggests imposing windfall taxes on oil and gas companies during the war, while Lauren Pagel of Earthworks calls for ending fossil fuel subsidies and making polluters pay for their environmental impact.Despite the current challenges, Kingsmill Bond, a strategist for the energy thinktank Ember, maintains that this crisis could ultimately accelerate the clean energy transition: This is the first oil shock in history where oil faces a superior alternative. Solar, wind and EV are cheaper, local, faster to deploy, and huge.

The UK government has announced a significant intervention in the country's industrial sector, investing £100m to reopen a carbon dioxide plant on Teesside. The Ensus plant, which was mothballed in September, will restart operations for an initial three-month period, with hopes that it could then remain open indefinitely.The decision to reopen the plant comes amid concerns that the war in Iran could trigger shortages of CO2, a gas that has various uses ranging from carbonating drinks and keeping food fresh to medical procedures and the sedating of animals for slaughter. The plant's reopening is expected to bolster production of CO2 and help ensure the resilience of supply chains.The Business Secretary, Peter Kyle, approved the reopening of the plant, stating that the government would 'always do what's needed to ensure resilience and protect British businesses from the worst impacts of global uncertainty.' The move is part of wider government efforts to ensure the UK maintains access to critical industrial resources during global supply shocks.The UK's food and drink industry faced a CO2 crisis in 2021, after the easing of pandemic restrictions sent the price of wholesale gas soaring, pushing up the manufacturing costs of fertiliser production, which also produces the gas as a byproduct. The crisis resulted in the government providing a temporary bailout to the American company CF Fertilisers to help restart CO2 production at its Teesside factory.The Ensus plant has had operations on Teesside since 2010, using distillation and fermentation to convert wheat into bioethanol. CO2 is a byproduct of this process, as well as high-protein animal feed. The company, which is headquartered in Middlesbrough, employs about 100 people.

Global markets experienced a significant shift as stock markets in Asia and Europe rose following reports that US President Donald Trump had sent a 15-point framework for peace to Iran. This development sparked hopes of a ceasefire in the Middle East, influencing market sentiment. The price of oil, which had fallen by 4% in early trading to below $100 (£75) per barrel of Brent crude, later recovered to approximately $100. This fluctuation was driven by the prospect of an end to the conflict easing the squeeze on oil supply. The straits of Hormuz, a vital shipping lane through which 20% of global oil supplies transit, had been effectively closed by Iran, causing a significant disruption to oil and gas shipments. Iran's announcement that it would permit “non-hostile” ships to pass safely through the strait of Hormuz helped to reopen this crucial waterway. This move, combined with the potential peace plan, contributed to the positive market sentiment. Stock markets in Asia saw notable gains, with Japan’s Nikkei rising by 2.9%, India’s S&P; BSE Sensex almost 2% higher, and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng up by just under 1%. European markets also saw increases, with the FTSE 100 in London up by almost 1%, Germany’s Dax trading 1.6% higher, and France’s Cac 40 climbing by 1.4%. However, Iran’s foreign affairs ministry informed the UN Security Council and the International Maritime Organization that “non-hostile” vessels could pass through the strait, which also poses a risk to global food security due to the disruption of fertiliser supplies. The World Trade Organization warned that this could lead to food price shocks. The conflict's impact on gold prices was also noted, as the metal traditionally seen as a safe haven asset during troubled times experienced a 13% decline to about $4,460 per ounce. Additionally, Larry Fink, CEO of BlackRock, warned that a prolonged conflict could lead to oil prices rising to $150 a barrel, potentially triggering a global recession.

The global food system is facing an unprecedented threat of collapse, much like the financial system did in 2008. The concentration of power in the hands of a few large corporations has led to a loss of diversity, redundancy, and modularity, making the system highly vulnerable to shocks.Recent data suggests that every part of this system is now highly concentrated in the hands of a few corporations, which have been consolidating both vertically and horizontally. One recent study found that the US food system has “consolidated nearly twice as much as the overall economic system”. Some of these corporations, diversifying into financial products, now look more like banks than commodity traders, but without the same level of regulation.These vulnerabilities are exacerbated by the use of just-in-time supply chains and the funnelling of much of the world’s trade through a number of chokepoints. Some people have long warned that the strait of Hormuz, alongside the Suez canal, Turkish straits, Panama canal and straits of Malacca, are critical chokepoints, whose obstruction would threaten the flow of food, fertiliser, fuel and other crucial agricultural commodities.When a system has lost its resilience, it’s hard to predict just how and when it could go down. The collapse of one corporation? The simultaneous closure of two or more chokepoints? A major IT outage? A severe climate event coinciding with a geopolitical crisis? The next step could be contagious bankruptcy and cascading failure across sectors.We know what needs to happen: break up the big corporations; bring the system under proper regulatory control; diversify our diets and their means of production; reduce our dependence on a handful of major exporting countries; build strategic food reserves, accessible to people everywhere. But there’s a problem, and it’s not just Trump. Almost all governments are beholden to corporate and financial power.The best we can hope for is that braver politicians in our own countries seek to insulate us from the worst impacts. A crucial step is to encourage a shift to a plant-based diet. People struggle to see the relevance, but it’s simple. A plant-based diet requires far fewer resources, including just a quarter of the land a standard western diet requires and much less fertiliser and other inputs.

The world is currently experiencing a severe energy crisis, surpassing the combined impact of the 1970s oil shocks and the Ukraine war, according to Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA). Speaking at a media event in Australia, Birol warned that the energy crunch prompted by the US-Israel war on Iran has exceeded the 1973 and 1979 oil shocks and gas shortages stemming from Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine.Birol stated that the crisis is equivalent to two oil crises and one gas crash combined. He noted that the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz and attacks on energy facilities have reduced global oil supplies by about 11 million barrels per day (bpd), more than double the combined shortfalls of the 1970s crises. Additionally, liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies have been reduced by about 140 billion cubic meters, compared to a shortfall of 75bcm in the aftermath of Ukraine's invasion by Russia.At least 40 energy facilities across nine countries have been severely damaged in the conflict, according to the IEA chief. Birol emphasized that the global economy is facing a major threat and expressed hope that the issue will be resolved soon.Birol also expressed concern that the scale of the crisis had not been fully understood, which prompted him to speak publicly about the situation. The IEA has proposed measures to reduce energy consumption, including facilitating remote working and carpooling, and lowering speed limits on motorways.The IEA chief is in consultation with different countries about releasing more strategic oil reserves if needed. However, he emphasized that the single most important solution to the crisis is to unblock the Strait of Hormuz, which usually carries about one-fifth of global oil and LNG supplies.