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The Global Bauxite Rush and Guinea's ContradictionIn the small village of Bembou Silaty, northwestern Guinea, 38-year-old Mamadou Aliou embodies the central contradiction of Guinea's bauxite boom. Working in the environmental health and safety department for a mining company while simultaneously advocating for his community's rights, Aliou represents the complex relationship between global resource demands and local realities."Before these companies arrived, we cultivated our land, and it sustained us," Aliou told Al Jazeera. "We could cover our daily needs, especially food. But now, when a piece of land is registered and belongs to a mining company, you have nothing there any more."The Strategic Value of Guinea's Bauxite ReservesGuinea holds the world's largest reserves of bauxite, the ore that becomes alumina and ultimately aluminum—a metal essential for car and aircraft frames, windows, wind turbines, and solar panels. Over the past three decades, the country has multiplied its bauxite production tenfold, with more than a dozen ongoing projects currently operating.As the global energy transition demands ever more aluminum, Guinea has found itself in a strategically crucial position. Approximately 75 percent of the bauxite exported by the country over the past decade has ended up in China, which produces 60 percent of the world's aluminum. Companies from Russia, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates have also established significant operations in the country to secure this valuable resource.Economic Disparities and Compensation ChallengesIn the traditional bauxite heartlands of Kindia and Boke, the main roads are notably well-maintained, and steady jobs in technical roles or transport logistics have created economic opportunities for some Guineans. In Bembou Silaty, however, the situation remains starkly different—a quiet village without electricity, where farming methods remain untouched by mechanization.People working in technical roles at the mine can earn up to about $300 a month, a significant sum in Guinea. For other locals who make a living from farming, most don't have a regular wage and rely on the yield from their crops. Across Guinea, an estimated half of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood.Locals in Bembou Silaty say every hectare claimed by mining is a hectare lost to farming, in a country that spent more than $500m importing rice in 2024. "They give you compensation for your land, but it's not enough, and in the end, it's mismanaged," Aliou said. "Within a month or two, someone who received 50 or 100 million Guinean francs ($5,700-11,400) has nothing left. No land, no money. They have to start over, from below zero."Environmental Degradation and Water ContaminationThe environmental impact of bauxite mining in communities like Bembou Silaty has been profound. Not all homes in the village of about 5,000 have indoor toilets and plumbing. While a new water point serves nearly all residents, the water contains iron contamination.In neighboring villages, the situation is even more dire. "Since the mining companies came, we've had this problem with the water. The children get sick, and the parents too," said Mariama Kindi Diallo, a farmer. "The doctors tell us not to drink the rain or river water. There are no roads, no school, no phone signal. What are we supposed to do? We are asking for help to have a dignified life."Environmental concerns extend beyond water contamination. Surgical holes drilled into the ground mark where mining companies have tested for bauxite—a reminder to farmers that the impact on the land is felt even before extraction begins. In a recent report, Djami Diallo, the Guinean minister of the environment and sustainable development, stated that each year, certain companies had their impact studies and evaluation reports rejected for failing to comply with environmental standards.The Government's Push for Value AdditionTo address these challenges and increase the benefits for Guinea, the government of Mamady Doumbouya, which came to power in a 2021 coup, is attempting to reorganize the mining sector. It is pressing investors to process bauxite within Guinea, ensuring a portion of the value stays in the country.Processing bauxite into aluminum can multiply its price by 37 times. Instability in Iran amid the US and Israel's war has contributed to rising aluminum prices, which surpassed $3,600 per tonne in April. Doumbouya is set to lead the country for the next seven years, after winning the December 2025 elections with nearly 87 percent of the vote.Achieving this transformation, however, requires a huge increase in electricity generation—power that is non-existent in villages like Bembou Silaty and unreliable even in the capital, Conakry. Guinea is working with neighboring Senegal on a solution: Using Senegalese gas to generate enough electricity to process its bauxite on African soil.The Global Trail of Bauxite and MigrationThe story of Guinea's bauxite extends far beyond its borders. More than 3,000km away, in Parets del Valles, Spain, the journey's end plays out. For Spain, Europe's largest consumer of Guinean bauxite, more than 90 percent of its imports come from Guinea.The aluminium produced there feeds the automotive industry and serves both industrial and domestic purposes. In Spain, there is light, hot water, paved roads—all the base elements of a decent life that remain elusive in many parts of Guinea.Increasingly, more boats are leaving directly from Guinea, towards the Canary Islands and on to mainland Europe. According to Frontex, the European Union border security agency, more Guineans arrived in the Canary Islands, Spain, in 2023 (2,324) than in the previous 13 years combined. In 2024 and 2025 combined, another 6,000 Guineans arrived.Many left, following the bauxite trail, hoping to find something more in the places where their resources are both enjoyed and exploited. "If you compare the bauxite we export with what we get in return, the difference is enormous," Aliou reflects. "We gain almost nothing. Just enough to survive."

Christian Pulisic ended a six‑month goal drought, assisting and scoring as the United States defeated Senegal 3‑2 in Charlotte, North Carolina, kicking off their World Cup preparations. Match Recap: Pulisic Breaks Goal Drought in US Win Over Senegal The friendly, played before a crowd of 57,741 at Bank of America Stadium, saw the US take an early 2‑0 lead thanks to a 20‑yard strike from Pulisic after an assist from Ricardo Pepi. Senegal rallied through Sadio Mané, but the US restored the lead with a Folarin Balogun finish, sealing a 3‑2 victory. Attendance and Key Statistics Highlight the Match’s Scale Attendance: 57,741 spectators Goal timeline: US 2‑0 (19′), Senegal 2‑1 (45′+), US 3‑1 (62′), Senegal 3‑2 (46′+) US goal contributors: Christian Pulisic (1 goal, 1 assist), Ricardo Pepi (assist), Folarin Balogun (goal) Senegal scorers: Sadio Mané (2 goals) US goalkeeper changes: Matt Turner started, replaced at halftime by Chris Brady Implications for USMNT’s World Cup Preparations The performance signals a resurgence in US attacking confidence after a “dour” March window, yet defensive lapses that led to both Senegal goals raise concerns about organization and goalkeeper hierarchy under coach Mauricio Pochettino. Looking Ahead: What the Win Means for the US at the 2026 World Cup If the US can tighten defensive transitions while maintaining Pulisic’s form, they position themselves as serious contenders on home soil. The match also underscores the need for a clear first‑choice goalkeeper before the tournament’s opening match.

The Lead007 First Light successfully revitalizes the James Bond video game franchise after years of absence, offering fans an immersive experience that captures both the action and sophistication of the iconic spy. Developer IO Interactive demonstrates their passion for the Bond universe through meticulous attention to detail and creative gameplay mechanics that honor the franchise's legacy.Gameplay Mechanics and DesignGiven how open-ended Hitman is, it's surprising how well IO has taken to linear storytelling. There are still moments of the "social stealth" that defines the studio's other games, but it's been repurposed for cinematic forward thrust, and blended together with plenty of action. It seems lazy to pigeonhole First Light as Hitman meets Uncharted, but when you see Bond leap on to a cliff edge and scurry along rocky handholds, your mind can't help but go there.You are often playing through moments that would be cutscenes in another game. Sometimes that's as simple as a dramatic approach to a level; driving round a bend to reveal a sprawling Slovakian castle, say. More ambitiously, one whole chapter is given over to a glorified training montage that whips you back and forth between getaway driving, stealth and gunplay, all while charting thawing relations between our fledgling 00 candidates. This is on-rails storytelling done right.Character Development and StorytellingWe join young Bond in his pre-00 days, as a petulant, belligerent rule-breaking trainee. Actor Patrick Gibson begins as a cookie-cutter insubordinate, but warms to the role once he's bouncing off M (herself a green leader looking to make her mark), and an enjoyably urbane Q who drops the frustrated quartermaster routine and introduces Bond to the wonders of vinyl. A scene where he teaches our agent to tie a bow tie is a perfect bit of prequelcraft: arriving at an iconic look through a lovely character touch.In contrast to previous Bond games, First Light understands that action is only a part of the Bond fantasy. He's as much schmoozer as bruiser, and there's plenty of the former here, with socialising setpieces at a chess tournament or swanky product launch. The staging and atmosphere of these rooms is exemplary, but the work mostly boils down to eavesdropping on guests to discover a keycard's location, before shooting its keeper with a toxic dart.Technical Execution and VisualsAs Bond himself is learning the ropes, it sometimes feels as if the developers are feeling their way towards something. Guns are enjoyably punchy, but scripted fights always emphasise explosive theatrics over strategy. Gas tanks erupt, walkways tumble, cranes collapse: you enter fights looking for the red barrel that will trigger a chain of collateral damage. Fail to quell numbers this way and you're quickly overwhelmed.Fist fights are more enjoyable – not because they are any more sophisticated, but because of the commitment of their virtual stuntmen. Bond is a barroom brawler, barging bodies into clattering bookshelves and battering enemies with mugs and keyboards lying around. In the same way that waist-high cover always alerts you to an incoming fight in Gears of War, you learn to eye crockery or wine bottles with suspicion here. If it's not stuck down, you'll be smashing it into a mercenary's face within the next two minutes.Fists and guns are what happen when sneaking goes wrong. On this front, IO finds a punchy take on its classic lurking. A hacking watch introduces some Home Alone hijinks as you lure guards towards misbehaving photocopiers, before electrocuting the device with a laser beam. Gadgets let you run circles around enemies – though you have to accept some silliness as you refuel those toys with batteries stolen from TV remotes, or globs of hand sanitiser. It's hard to picture Daniel Craig scavenging for Carex.Legacy and Future of Bond GamesOn a visit to a Mauritanian market and a luxury hotel getaway, however, there is space to roam, and you're reminded how few developers can tap into that aspirational tourist fantasy. Plenty of games have let us be a gun-toting version of Bond, but this is the first opportunity we've had to be a Bond relaxing beside a glittering infinity pool in Vietnam, or a Bond trying to get one over on a shell game hustler. Games are now much more capable of taking us to specific places than they were in the time of GoldenEye on the N64.It's that full Bond immersion that 007 First Light will ultimately be remembered for, more so than the odd wonky setpiece scene. I have no doubt that this was made by excitable Bond geeks throwing "what if" moments at a whiteboard. What if you got to explore Q Lab watching underlings test malfunctioning prototypes? What if you were tied to a torturer's table and had to talk your way out? What if you found yourself at 15,000ft with no parachute? And what if you had access to John Barry's classic scores and could deploy a staggering needle drop out of nowhere?Very few fans get to play in the sandbox of their obsession like IO has here. As far as Bond video games go, nobody has done it better.

Translated Fiction Review Roundup A collection of recent translated fiction has been reviewed, showcasing the diversity and complexity of global literature. The reviews include: 'Sisters in Yellow' by Mieko Kawakami Sisters in Yellow by Mieko Kawakami, translated by Laurel Taylor and Hitomi Yoshio (Picador, £16.99) Kawakami’s latest opens with a bang, as narrator Hana learns that her old friend Kimiko has been charged with abduction. This MacGuffin takes us to their friendship in late-1990s Tokyo, when teen Hana and the older woman open a bar called Lemon: “Yellow attracts money.” But it’s a turbulent ride and soon Hana is in a world of organised crime. “The world is crazy. I feel like I’m living in a manga.” She’s not the only one, and you need an appetite for Kawakami’s style, which prefers to explore rather than explain – people come and go, buildings burn down, cancer is diagnosed, almost at random – but the relentless rush means there’s no time to get bored. At its best – as in a scene where Hana’s unreliable mother wants to borrow 2m yen for investment in lingerie that helps “your spine and organs move back to where they’re supposed to be” – this is a story both absurd and horrifying. 'All Flesh' by Ananda Devi All Flesh by Ananda Devi, translated by Jeffrey Zuckerman (Pushkin, £12.99) “Forgive me for starting this story with bodily, unpalatable origins.” You may as well – it’s all like that. In an unnamed European country, a schoolgirl “born with no urge but to consume” is getting bigger and bigger. “My gut, my ass, my thighs – they were all set on reaching the farthest corners of the world.” She blames her gluttony on the need to silence the voice of her dead twin sister, who was “absorbed into my tissues” in the womb. She hates school, where other kids mock her, as though her own self-disgust weren’t enough. After a blackly comic scene where she gets stuck in her bedroom doorframe like “an uncooperative cork”, she falls in love with the lonely carpenter who arrives to widen the door – but there are more twists to come. This powerful story is deeply physical, but driven by a compelling voice describing the torment of a girl who is “the psychical mirror of our time … immoderation made manifest”. 'The White Desert' by Luis López Carrasco The White Desert by Luis López Carrasco, translated by Rosalind Harvey (Granta, £14.99) This unpredictable book, comprising five linked stories about a Spanish couple, opens with the end of the world and gets weirder from there. A balloon debate about a post-apocalyptic scenario turns nasty when one participant pulls a knife, or thinks he does. A plane crash-lands on an island. “Can [we] go and get our luggage … Lots of people have, you know, soiled themselves.” What links the scenes is a sense of disconnection in our connected world, but the book subverts expectations: when a group of people celebrating New Year’s Eve go missing, it turns out to be a game of hide and seek. Footnotes peppered throughout suggest we’re viewing all this from the future (“Emirates was a well-known passenger airline …”), and discovering what the white desert is turns everything on its head. For readers who like to do their own joining up, and who want a playful, original take on our precarious lives, this is a thought-provoking treat. 'The Home of the Drowned' by Elin Anna Labba The Home of the Drowned by Elin Anna Labba, translated by Elizabeth Clark Wessel (Harvill, £16.99) “You could have waited, you bastards.” In 1942 Lapland, a village occupied by the semi-nomadic Sámi people is flooded by a new hydroelectric plant’s dam. One family watch as their goahti (peat-covered hut) disappears under the water. “It wasn’t the nicest goahti,” says Ánne. “No, but it was mine,” says her sister Rávdná. When Rávdná wants to build a house to replace it, the authorities refuse permission: the Sámi way of life has been rejected but alternatives are not permitted. A local newspaper half-heartedly offers to publicise their case, but “we receive a lot of angry letters if we use any foreign words”. When the government tells local people the new dam “will lift us out of poverty and injustice”, the words reek with irony. This intimate story of infuriating discrimination is, Labba says, based on real events in Sweden.

The Discovery of PFAS in the Solent Strait Scientists have found high levels of toxic PFAS, or “forever chemicals”, in soil, water and throughout the marine food chain in the UK’s Solent strait, including at protected environmental sites, according to a new study. Extent of the Pollution In some samples, pollution was 13 times the safe threshold for coastal waters. Others, which were below legal limits for individual chemicals, failed tests for combined toxicity. The samples were taken from the Solent strait, which runs between the Isle of Wight and the mainland, forming part of the Channel. Sources of the Chemicals The chemicals are thought to have entered the environment from wastewater treatment plants, sewage outflows, historic landfills and nearby military sites. Researchers analysed government data, testing at water utilities, and their own samples from a dozen species of fish, seaweed and invertebrates. Impact on the Environment They found PFAS were entering the Solent in treated effluent from wastewater plants in Portsmouth and Fareham operated by Southern Water, the utility that provides drinking water and sewerage for Kent, Sussex, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. The study also mapped 194 combined sewer overflow outfalls and more than 500 nearby historic landfills that researchers believe could also contribute to the pollution. Calls for Action Researchers said their findings highlighted the need to monitor chemicals in combination and to make a blanket ban on PFAS part of the government’s water reform agenda. Prof Alex Ford, a biologist at the University of Portsmouth and one of the study’s authors, said: “If there was an oil spill in the Solent that industry would have to pay for the restoration of those habitats, but that doesn’t happen with sewage.” Future Outlook The EU is moving towards a blanket PFAS ban, probably with some exceptions for medicine and other critical uses. The British government said it would consult on setting limits for the chemicals and carry out further tests when its own PFAS plan was published in February, promising a “framework … to understand where these chemicals are coming from, how they spread and how to reduce public and environmental exposure”.

Lead: A Milestone Reflection on Climate ActionIn its 250th edition, the Guardian's Down to Earth newsletter pauses to assess how the world's fight against climate change has unfolded since the high‑water mark of Cop26 in Glasgow, 2021.Looking Back: Cop26’s Promise and the Five‑Year Journey2021‑2022: Nations pledged to limit warming to 1.5°C, set net‑zero targets and pledged to phase out coal.2022‑2023: The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the Iran‑oil conflict drove crude prices above $100 /barrel, exposing fossil‑fuel vulnerabilities.2024‑2025: Populist governments rolled back environmental regulations, while renewable technology became cheaper and more widespread.Numbers That Matter: Public Awareness and Emissions GapsThe “Covering Climate Now” survey found that 80‑89 % of the global public recognise the climate threat and demand government action.Current national plans still point to a projected warming of about 2.8 °C, well above the agreed target.Renewable energy costs have fallen by roughly 70 % since 2020, making clean power “cheap, widely available and overwhelmingly popular.”Why the Momentum Slowed: Geopolitics, Economics and PopulismWar‑driven spikes in oil prices, the re‑election of climate‑skeptical leaders and the rise of populist rhetoric have eroded the optimism that surrounded Cop26, pushing many countries to backtrack on commitments.What Lies Ahead: Hopeful Trends and Persistent ChallengesDespite setbacks, advances in clean‑tech, growing public pressure and emerging green‑economy initiatives suggest a pathway forward, but the intertwined climate‑biodiversity‑economy crises demand coordinated global action.

The Lead Bangladesh has sought a new assistance programme from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as it struggles with the economic consequences of the US-Israel war on Iran. The South Asian country is facing an energy crisis, supply chain disruptions, and rising fuel prices. What Has Bangladesh Asked For? The IMF's mission chief for Bangladesh, Ivo Krznar, announced that Bangladesh has requested a new IMF-supported programme. The size and precise terms of the requested financial aid package have not been disclosed, but Bangladesh's government said in March it was seeking $2bn in loans from various donors. How Badly Has Bangladesh Been Hit by the Iran War? Energy Crisis The war on Iran has caused a worldwide energy crisis, with fuel prices soaring to about $100 a barrel, up from $66 before the war. Bangladesh, which imports 95% of its oil and liquefied natural gas needs, has been severely affected. The country has raised fuel prices by 10-15% and halted production at most fertiliser factories. Garment Industry The ready-made garment industry, which accounts for over 80% of Bangladesh's export earnings, has also been hit. Shipping disruptions have pushed up import costs, and work orders are expected to decline by 20-25% in the next season. Cost of Raw Materials The disruptions to supply chains have impacted other industries in Bangladesh, with raw material prices for plastic products rising. The price of resin, a key raw material, has spiked to $1,500-1,600 per tonne, up from $900-950. Rising Foreign Debt Costs Bangladesh's external debt has risen in recent years, and the country is facing higher foreign-currency repayment pressures. The IMF warned that the Iran war risks triggering an increase in debt levels worldwide. What Is Bangladesh's History with the IMF? Bangladesh is already in the middle of a $5.7bn IMF programme that began in 2023. The country has agreed to move quickly to put a new programme in place, with the World Bank approving a $350m loan to help manage rising fuel import costs. Is the War Deepening a Debt Crisis More Broadly? The Iran war has exacerbated existing debt burdens across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and other regions. Sri Lanka, for instance, suffered a financial collapse in 2022 and secured a $3bn IMF programme in 2023.

The Lead: Iran's Energy Recovery After AttacksIran has restored gas production at three offshore platforms in the South Pars gasfield, the world's largest natural gasfield, after it was attacked by Israel in March. The resumption of operations comes amid ongoing tensions in the region and continued negotiations with the United States over a potential deal to end the conflict.Technical Recovery at South Pars GasfieldTouraj Dehqani, head of the Pars Oil and Gas Company, confirmed that the three platforms were not damaged in the Israeli attacks and that production is being rerouted to other processing plants in the region while repairs continue at damaged facilities. The South Pars gasfield, located off the coast of Iran's southern Bushehr province, spans 9,700sq km and is shared between Iran and Qatar, with the Iranian side known as South Pars and the Qatari side called the North Field.Economic Impact of Production ResumptionThe restoration of gas production at South Pars is significant both symbolically and practically for Iran's economy. As the country's largest source of domestic energy, the facility plays a crucial role in Iran's ability to generate electricity and maintain energy security. The resumption of operations represents an important first step forward, though challenges remain in fully restoring export capabilities amid ongoing US port blockades and sanctions.Regional Energy Security ImplicationsThe Israeli attacks on South Pars in mid-March and on Iran's largest petrochemical facility in early April prompted retaliatory Iranian missile and drone strikes on energy infrastructure across the wider region. These attacks have highlighted the vulnerability of energy infrastructure in the Middle East and the potential for regional conflicts to disrupt global energy markets. The resumption of production at South Pars sends a message of resilience but also underscores the precarious nature of energy security in the region.Future Outlook Amid Ongoing TensionsAs negotiations between Washington and Tehran continue, Iran's chief negotiator has stated that Tehran will not agree to any deal with Washington unless it secures Iran's full rights. The US President's administration has maintained a blockade of Iranian ports as part of a pressure campaign. While the reopening of South Pars is a positive development, the long-term sustainability of Iran's energy sector depends on resolving both internal challenges and external pressures, particularly the US sanctions and regional tensions that continue to impact the country's ability to fully utilize its energy resources.

Lead: Marsch’s Final 26‑Man Roster Emphasises Speed and HealthCanadian head coach Jesse Marsch announced a 26‑player squad for the 2026 World Cup, trimming six names and placing a premium on fitness, especially in defence, while keeping attacking talent intact.The Squad Selection Focuses on Speed and HealthIn a primetime TV address, Marsch highlighted speed as the decisive factor, bringing in winger Jacob Shaffelburg as the last addition. The coach explained that the health of key players, notably captain Alphonso Davies, will dictate the team’s performance.The Numbers Behind the Roster26 players selected (3 goalkeepers, 9 defenders, 4 midfielders, 6 attacking midfielders/wingers, 4 strikers)Defensive injuries: Moïse Bombito (broken leg), Derek Cornelius (hamstring), Alfie Jones (ankle ligament)Captain Alphonso Davies – 58 caps, 15 goals for Bayern Munich, still recovering from a muscular issueTop scorer Jonathan David – 75 caps, 39 goals for JuventusGoalkeeper indecision: Maxime Crépeau vs Dayne St Clair, both to share minutes in the first pre‑tournament testImplications for Canada’s 2026 CampaignThe emphasis on fitness aims to mitigate a defence that has missed its first‑choice back four for the past 15 months. With the tournament set to be co‑hosted on Canadian soil, a healthy back line and a fit Davies are seen as essential for a historic group‑stage performance.Offensive concerns remain, as the attack is described as “fully‑healthy but mostly anemic.” Marsch’s confidence in Jonathan David and the revived Cyle Larin will be tested against strong group opponents.Outlook Ahead of the TournamentCanada will face Uzbekistan in Charlotte on Monday, giving both goalkeepers a 45‑minute run‑out. The results will inform the final starting XI for the opening match against Bosnia & Herzegovina. If key injuries resolve, Marsch believes the squad is “the best 26 players this country has ever assembled.”