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As rising temperatures push snakes and humans into closer contact, the world faces an estimated 5.5 million snakebites each year, resulting in 138,000 deaths and 400,000 lasting disabilities. In response, a Wisconsin‑based amateur scientist has taken an extreme route to help solve the crisis.For almost 20 years, Tim Friede, a former window cleaner, allowed some of the planet’s most lethal snakes to bite him, accumulating over 200 intentional bites. His goal: to provoke his own immune system into producing antibodies that could be harvested for a near‑universal antivenom.The endeavor has been perilous. Friede survived a coma after being bitten by two cobras within an hour, endured anaphylactic shocks, lost tissue in a finger, and even had to cut necrotic muscle from his leg. Yet he persisted, eventually becoming immune to the inland taipan—the world’s most venomous snake, whose single bite can kill more than 100 people.In 2019, California biotech firm Centivax hired Friede to extract his antibodies. Early laboratory work showed that his serum can neutralise toxins from 19 elapid species, including cobras, mambas, taipans, coral snakes and kraits—roughly half of all venomous snakes worldwide.The next step is a veterinary trial in Australia, slated for later this year, before any human application. If successful, the antivenom could dramatically reduce the burden of snakebite in low‑income regions across Asia and Africa, where most victims live.Climate scientists warn that warming climates will expand snake habitats and increase human exposure, as illustrated by the recent surge of rattlesnake bites in California’s Ventura County. This amplifies the urgency for scalable, affordable antivenoms, especially as international aid budgets face cuts and manufacturing capacity remains insufficient.Friede’s unconventional path underscores a broader lesson: confronting emerging health threats may require bold, unconventional science, but the potential payoff—a life‑saving treatment for millions—could be transformative.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has welcomed a two-week ceasefire deal between the US and Iran, describing the news as 'very positive' and expressing hope it would lead to a permanent end to the conflict that has driven up global fuel prices. The ceasefire agreement was announced just before Trump's self-imposed deadline for Iran to surrender or face widespread destruction, including the bombing of bridges and power plants. Trump had warned that 'a whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought back again.' In an interview with Sky News, Albanese criticized Trump's threat to destroy civilian infrastructure, calling it an 'extraordinary statement to make'. He emphasized that the conduct of any conflict must be within international law, which protects civilians. The Nationals leader, Matt Canavan, had urged Albanese to make clear to the US that Australia wouldn’t support Trump’s threat of widespread bombings. Albanese has avoided criticizing Trump's inflammatory language in the past but took a firmer stance this time. The two-week ceasefire, facilitated by Pakistan, allows for safe passage through the strategic Strait of Hormuz, a crucial shipping lane that Iran had effectively closed in retaliation for US and Israel strikes. In a joint statement, Albanese and Foreign Affairs Minister Penny Wong welcomed the ceasefire and called for the agreement to be upheld and the conflict resolved. They highlighted that Iran's closure of the Strait of Hormuz has caused unprecedented energy supply shocks and impacted oil and fuel prices. Albanese's comments mark a rare instance of criticism from a world leader against Trump's aggressive rhetoric. The development underscores the significant global economic implications of the conflict and the efforts to de-escalate tensions.

The looming conflict in Iran has raised concerns about the potential impact on global oil prices, which could have far-reaching consequences for Africa's economy. As a significant importer of oil, the continent is vulnerable to fluctuations in the global market. Rising oil prices could lead to increased inflation, reduced economic growth, and a decline in living standards for many Africans.Africa's economic resilience will be put to the test as the conflict in Iran threatens to disrupt global oil supplies. The continent's dependence on oil imports makes it particularly susceptible to price shocks. Countries with large oil imports, such as South Africa and Nigeria, will be among the hardest hit.The article highlights the need for Africa to diversify its economy and reduce its reliance on oil imports. Investing in renewable energy sources and developing domestic industries could help mitigate the impact of future oil shocks. However, the continent's ability to adapt to these changes remains uncertain.

Two weeks after the United States and Israel entered a direct conflict with Iran, the White House faced mounting criticism that the war would drive up fuel costs and anger voters. Former President Donald Trump attempted to calm concerns on Truth Social, noting that the United States is the world’s largest oil producer and that higher prices translate into higher revenues for American companies. Now, five weeks into the hostilities, the reality is becoming clear: defense contractors and oil companies are the primary beneficiaries of the escalating energy market. The Department of Defense announced that Boeing will partner with Lockheed Martin to triple U.S. production of missile seekers, a move that sent Lockheed Martin’s stock up 25% since the start of the year. The announcement also lifted Boeing’s share price, underscoring how wartime procurement is boosting aerospace valuations. At the same time, Iran’s continued blockade of the Strait of Hormuz—through which roughly one‑fifth of global oil and gas flows—has pushed U.S. crude from $65 to over $110 per barrel in just a month. Pump prices have mirrored this surge, breaking the $4‑a‑gallon barrier for the first time since 2022. Oil majors have responded with sharp stock gains; ExxonMobil, Shell and Chevron have each risen more than 20% year‑to‑date. According to market‑research firm Rystad Energy, U.S. oil producers stand to earn an additional $63 billion as barrels trade above $100. “Oil prices in March have been materially higher than anyone expected, delivering a windfall for the vast majority of U.S. energy companies,” said Leo Mariani, senior analyst at Roth Capital Partners. The last comparable price shock occurred in 2022 after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, when U.S. gasoline peaked at $5 per gallon and inflation surged to 9%. That episode generated $916 billion in global oil‑and‑gas profits, with U.S. firms accounting for $281 billion. Chevron’s subsequent $75 billion stock‑buyback program—seven times its prior year’s amount—illustrates how quickly companies can translate price spikes into shareholder returns. Research by economists Gregor Semieniuk and Isabella Weber revealed that in 2022, 50% of oil‑company profits went to the top 1% of Americans, while the bottom half of the wealth distribution captured just 1% of those gains. Analysts warn that the current conflict could generate even larger windfalls because it has damaged actual production capacity in the Middle East, not merely reshuffled supply. “You’re benefiting a lot more from higher prices than you are from lost production,” Mariani noted, emphasizing the outsized profit potential. Even if hostilities cease, restoring pre‑conflict output in the region may take months, prolonging the supply crunch. As senior fellow Clay Seagle of the Center for Strategic and International Studies explains, the current situation differs from 2022: “Now we’re dealing with a much more severe supply event because the oil has been actually removed from the market.” Prolonged high prices could eventually curb demand, as consumers and businesses seek alternatives—a shift seen after the 1970s oil shocks when the U.S. moved away from oil‑generated electricity. Nonetheless, many sectors remain vulnerable: diesel, a key fuel for trucks and aircraft, has risen 40%, and airline stocks such as United and American have fallen more than 15% since the year began. Moreover, disruptions to liquefied natural gas (LNG) production threaten fertilizer supplies essential for agriculture. Semieniuk cautions that “we’re approaching the kinds of disruption levels we saw in 2022, and with that, the kinds of profits that we saw there. If this takes longer, it’s going to surpass that.”

Australia’s recent fuel squeeze is reshaping the second‑hand car market, with used electric vehicles (EVs) now commanding higher prices while traditional petrol and diesel models face steep discounts.MotorMetrics’ live inventory data shows that dealers have lifted prices on a range of EVs, most notably a more than 6% increase for the Tesla Model Y during the final two weeks of March. Similar upward pressure is evident for the Model 3, MG4 and Polestar 2, indicating dealer confidence that new stock will settle at these elevated levels.At the same time, the supply of used EVs is tightening, creating a classic demand‑supply imbalance that fuels price growth.Conversely, the same data reveal that many used diesel and petrol vehicles have been slashed by as much as 20%, reflecting a rapid shift in consumer preference toward electric power as fuel costs climb.Rental platform Turo reports a 70% jump in bookings for EVs and hybrids compared with the same period last year. Managing director Rob Chan describes the surge as a “unique wave of consumer interest” reminiscent only of the post‑pandemic “revenge travel” boom.Australia’s EV fleet is expanding steadily; the Electric Vehicle Council estimates that over 454,000 battery‑electric and plug‑in hybrid vehicles were on the road at the end of 2025, giving EVs roughly 13% of new car purchases. Analysts expect this share to rise further as more models enter the market and charging infrastructure improves.Economist Peter Esho warns that while oil shocks are not new, this one “could very well be one of the last”, as the current price environment makes EVs a financially sensible alternative for many drivers.Petrol prices rose almost daily throughout March across major cities, only easing after a government fuel‑excise cut. In parallel, Commonwealth Bank data shows a 161% increase in weekly loan volume for new battery‑electric vehicles in March versus February, underscoring growing consumer financing for EVs.Individual stories echo the broader trend. Sydney motorist Har Rai Singh, who rented several EVs through Turo to test long‑distance capability, says he now sees little reason to stick with a combustion engine, noting that “people are waiting for petrol pumps and paying over $100 to fill a tank – it doesn’t make sense any more to hold on to a combustion engine.”

Nepal’s cabinet approved a shift to a five‑day work week for government offices and schools, extending the weekend to both Saturday and Sunday in response to an escalating fuel crisis. Government spokesperson Sasmit Pokharel told reporters that the decision was taken because “the present uncomfortable situation caused by fuel supply” necessitates closing public institutions for two days each week. Previously, civil servants enjoyed only a single day off on Saturday; offices will now operate 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. Pokharel added that the government is also examining legal avenues to convert petrol and diesel vehicles to electric power, though details remain pending. Nepal, a landlocked country of roughly 30 million people, imports virtually all of its fossil fuels from India, leaving it highly vulnerable to international price shocks. The ongoing US‑Israel war with Iran has sharply curtailed global oil supplies, causing Nepal’s aviation fuel prices to almost double in a single day. The state‑owned Nepal Oil Corp reported heavy losses on petroleum products despite modest price hikes, prompting authorities to sell half‑filled cooking‑gas cylinders last month to deter hoarding and panic buying. Tourism, a cornerstone of Nepal’s economy, faces a new threat as airlines raise airfares following the steep rise in aviation fuel costs. Higher travel expenses could dampen inbound visitor numbers, compounding economic pressures. The fuel crunch stems from the broader Middle‑East turmoil that intensified after the United States and Israel launched a joint offensive against Iran on 28 February. Tehran’s retaliatory drone and missile strikes across the region have disrupted global markets and aviation, amplifying the scarcity of fuel supplies that ripple to landlocked neighbours like Nepal. By shortening the work week, the Nepali government hopes to reduce non‑essential fuel consumption, ease pressure on already strained energy imports, and buy time for longer‑term solutions such as electrification of transport.

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni recently visited Qatar, meeting with Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani to address pressing energy concerns amid the ongoing conflict between Iran, the United States, and Israel. This meeting marks a significant step in Italy's efforts to bolster its relationships with key Gulf nations and ensure a stable energy supply.The discussions between Meloni and the Qatari leader focused on energy issues and potential measures to mitigate the shocks caused by the Iran war. Italy, being highly dependent on energy imports, is particularly concerned about the rising energy prices resulting from Iran's effective blocking of the Strait of Hormuz, a critical waterway through which approximately 20 percent of global oil and liquefied natural gas transits.During the meeting, Meloni expressed Italy's readiness to contribute to the rehabilitation of Qatari energy infrastructure, which is essential for global energy security. This commitment underscores Italy's proactive approach to addressing the energy crisis and its willingness to collaborate with Qatar to ensure a stable energy supply.The Qatari Emir's office stated that both sides stressed the need for de-escalation and prioritized political dialogue and diplomacy to contain the current crisis in the Middle East and its repercussions on energy and supply chains. They also reviewed bilateral cooperation between Italy and Qatar, exploring ways to support and develop it in various fields, particularly in the economy and energy sectors.Since the beginning of the war at the end of February, Iran has targeted US and Israeli targets in the region, as well as Gulf countries, including Qatar. Iran's attacks on Qatar's energy installations, such as the missile strike on Ras Laffan Industrial City, have caused significant damage and are expected to affect Doha's natural gas export capacity.Meloni's trip to the Gulf aimed to strengthen relations with these countries and reiterate Italy's support against Iranian attacks. As the first leader of a European Union or NATO country to travel to the region since the war broke out, Meloni's visit underscores Italy's commitment to regional stability and energy security.

As the world becomes increasingly turbulent, UK experts are urging people to stockpile emergency foods to ensure they can survive in case of disruptions to food supplies. Prof Tim Lang, a food policy expert, warns that the UK's food system is a 'tinderbox' and that civil unrest and food riots could occur if there are shocks to the system.Experts recommend stockpiling long-life items that can be eaten without cooking, such as:tinned beans, vegetables, and fishrice crackersoatsIt's also important to have water - at least 7-12 liters per person per day. In addition to these essentials, consider including treats like chocolate or crisps to help maintain morale.Sharing stockpiles with neighbors is also crucial, especially for those who are food insecure. With 1 in 7 households with children already struggling to afford food in the UK, experts stress that social solidarity is key to maintaining social order.Countries like Switzerland, Germany, Latvia, and Lithuania take emergency food stockpiles seriously and provide guidance to their citizens on how to prepare. In contrast, the UK's advice on its Prepare website is minimal.Prof Sarah Bridle, at the University of York, recommends having an emergency food store and incorporating long-life items into daily diets. George Monbiot, a Guardian columnist, has revealed the contents of his own stockpile, which includes 25kg of rice, 15kg of dried chickpeas, and 5kg of oats.

The ongoing conflict between Iran and the US-Israeli alliance has sent shockwaves through global oil markets, with Brent crude prices surging 5% to $106.16 per barrel on Thursday morning. Despite being heavily reliant on Iranian oil, China appears to have largely insulated itself from the crisis.China's strategy involves utilizing 'teapot refineries,' small, privately owned oil refineries primarily based in Shandong province. These facilities have been importing discounted Iranian and Russian oil, accounting for one-quarter of China's processing capacity. This approach allows China to circumvent US sanctions and maintain a stable oil supply.China's teapot refineries have been stockpiling oil reserves, providing a buffer against potential supply disruptions. According to Muyu Xu, a senior crude oil analyst at Kpler, China's seaborne crude imports in March stood at 10.19 million barrels per day (mbd), down from 11.51mbd in February but still in line with the 2025 average of 10.41mbd.The US has previously imposed sanctions on some of these teapot refineries for importing Iranian oil. However, China's tolerance of this independent system has proved strategically useful, allowing the country to maintain a flexible buffer for bargain barrels during crises.Experts note that while China's measures will not completely immunize the country from rising fuel prices, they do provide Beijing with more flexibility to survive a crisis compared with other nations. China's approach involves aggressive stockpiling, tolerating shadow networks, and keeping flexible buffers, demonstrating its preparedness for energy shocks.