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The LeadEcuadorians report civilians being abducted off the streets as part of a military crackdown on drug cartels. President Daniel Noboa deployed Ecuador's military to combat gangs after declaring an "internal armed conflict" in 2024. A new film from Al Jazeera's Fault Lines hears from family members of those who have been taken and human rights groups about the growing calls for justice.The Military CrackdownPresident Noboa's declaration of an "internal armed conflict" has led to an unprecedented military presence on Ecuadorian streets. The government's approach involves direct military intervention against powerful drug cartels that have gained significant control in various regions of the country. This strategy has resulted in numerous reports of civilians being forcibly disappeared, with family members claiming their loved ones have been taken without explanation or due process.Human Rights ConcernsHuman rights groups have raised alarms about the increasing number of forced disappearances, noting that many of those taken appear to be ordinary citizens rather than confirmed cartel members. The lack of transparency in military operations has fueled fears of extrajudicial actions and human rights violations. Families of the disappeared have organized protests and sought international attention, demanding accountability and information about their missing relatives.Future ImplicationsThe situation in Ecuador represents a critical test for democratic governance in the face of organized crime. As the military crackdown continues, the balance between security and human rights remains precarious. International observers will be watching closely to see how the Ecuadorian government addresses these concerns while maintaining its fight against drug cartels. The outcome of this conflict could set precedents for other nations facing similar challenges with organized crime and military intervention.

Bezalel Smotrich, Israel’s far‑right finance minister, said on May 19, 2026 that the International Criminal Court in The Hague had requested an arrest warrant against him, citing his role in forced displacement policies in the West Bank.Smotrich Announces ICC’s Confidential Warrant RequestAt a news conference, Smotrich did not disclose the source of the information but described the alleged warrant as “a declaration of war” and vowed to retaliate. He also announced plans to sign an order to evacuate the West Bank village of Khan al‑Ahmar, intensifying the controversy.Legal Context and Recent ICC ActionsIn November 2024, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant over alleged war crimes in Gaza.The court has also targeted several Hamas leaders, many of whom were killed in Israeli operations.Sanctions imposed by the United States have cut off ICC judges and prosecutors from major banks and tech platforms.Political and Diplomatic FalloutThe United Kingdom and four other nations have already sanctioned Smotrich and fellow minister Itamar Ben‑Gvir for incitement against Palestinians. Smotrich’s call for permanent conquest of Gaza and settlement expansion further isolates Israel on the international stage.Potential Consequences for Israeli PolicyIf the ICC warrant is confirmed, Smotrich would become the third Israeli official targeted after Netanyahu and Gallant.International pressure could affect Israel’s settlement plans and its ability to secure financing for West Bank projects.Domestic backlash may empower hard‑line factions within the coalition, influencing future security and displacement decisions.Outlook: Escalation or Diplomatic Containment?Analysts warn that the warrant could trigger a cycle of retaliation, including harsher settlement actions and further legal challenges at the UN. However, diplomatic channels may seek a containment strategy to avoid widening the conflict, especially as the war‑crimes investigations continue.

Wiegman's Key Advice for Mead Sarina Wiegman has said Beth Mead's next transfer will be a "very important" factor in the England forward's chances of going to the 2027 Women's World Cup, as the outgoing Arsenal forward seeks more regular starts. Mead's Transfer Plans The 31-year-old is understood to be close to agreeing a move to Manchester City, after it was confirmed she will leave Arsenal at the end of her contract this summer after nine years. Mead, the star of England's 2022 European Championship triumph, played in 21 of Arsenal's 22 league fixtures this term but started only 12 of them. The Impact on England's World Cup Prospects "I think [it is] very important," Wiegman said, when asked about Mead's next steps. "She is still very ambitious and I think she still has the highest level. When you play at Arsenal, they have such a strong squad and they [play] so many games, so they split minutes in those games. She wants to get a good move and wants to compete for the World Cup and make the squad next year. Of course that's a long way out but you have to make the right decision." Squad Updates and World Cup Qualifiers Wiegman has recalled the Manchester United midfielder Ella Toone, the Chelsea forward Aggie Beever-Jones and the London City Lionesses winger Freya Godfrey after injuries for next month's two crucial World Cup qualifiers, with Mead also in the 25-player squad. The Lionesses will face Spain in Mallorca on 5 June before hosting Ukraine at Everton's Hill Dickinson Stadium four days later in their final fixture in this qualifying group. England are top with four wins from four, including a hugely valuable home victory over Spain at Wembley in April, which has put them in pole position to qualify automatically for next summer's finals in Brazil. Only the group winners will avoid the playoffs. England Squad for Upcoming Matches Goalkeepers: Hannah Hampton (Chelsea), Anna Moorhouse (Orlando Pride), Ellie Roebuck (Aston Villa) Defenders: Lucy Bronze (Chelsea), Jess Carter (Gotham), Niamh Charles (Chelsea), Alex Greenwood (Manchester City), Taylor Hinds (Arsenal), Maya Le Tissier (Manchester United), Esme Morgan (Washington Spirit), Leah Williamson (Arsenal), Lotte Wubben-Moy (Arsenal) Midfielders: Laura Blindkilde Brown (Manchester City), Lucia Kendall (Aston Villa), Jess Park (Manchester United), Georgia Stanway (Bayern Munich), Ella Toone (Manchester United), Keira Walsh (Chelsea) Forwards: Aggie Beever-Jones (Chelsea), Freya Godfrey (London City Lionesses), Lauren Hemp (Manchester City), Lauren James (Chelsea), Chloe Kelly (Arsenal), Beth Mead (Arsenal), Alessia Russo (Arsenal) Toone's Return and Squad Depth Wiegman said it was too soon to know whether Toone can play "90 minutes at the highest level" but added: "It's nice she's back. There are a couple of players that haven't played that many minutes. I still think they're the best players and they can make the chance of winning as high as possible, when they're in. But we have a squad of 25 so enough options that we can play." Omission of Young Player There is no place in the squad for the 18-year-old Erica Meg Parkinson, a surprise inclusion in April's squad. Discussing the omission of Parkinson, Wiegman said: "Erica came into the squad for the first time as a young player, turned 18 in our camp. We wanted to see her, she brought what we thought she would bring. I said in that [April] press conference that she would really surprise me if she would play straight away in a starting position, but she showed a couple of [good] things. There is still a gap for her to earn the minutes to compete with other players in the squad."

Grayson the Musical will bring the eccentric life of Turner‑prize winning ceramicist Grayson Perry to the stage in an “outrageous” production co‑created with composer Richard Thomas, the mind behind Jerry Springer: The Opera. The show, billed as an “irreverent odyssey,” explores Perry’s journey from his Chelmsford childhood to international fame, with a supporting role for his iconic teddy bear Alan Measles.“Grayson the Musical” Takes Shape with a Workshop Run in JulyThe workshop production will be staged at Soho Theatre Walthamstow in east London, the borough where Perry kept a studio for many years. Director Sean Foley leads the team, while Perry himself provides the lyrics. The book is written by Sara‑Ella Ozbek, known for screenwriting and novels.Workshop Schedule and Production Team Reveal Key NumbersFive performances scheduled from 16 to 19 July.Music composed by Richard Thomas.Lyrics by Grayson Perry; book by Sara‑Ella Ozbek.Directed by Sean Foley.Venue: Soho Theatre Walthamstow.Cultural Resonance of Perry’s Story in London’s Theatre SceneThe musical taps into Perry’s reputation for challenging class norms, gender expression, and pop‑culture references. By featuring Alan Measles, a beloved element of Perry’s visual art, the production bridges his gallery work with live performance, offering audiences a rare glimpse into the artist’s personal narrative and the broader themes of identity and self‑acceptance.What’s Next for the Musical After the Workshop?Following the July workshop, the production is slated for further development, with the potential for a full run beyond the initial five shows. Success in the workshop could position the musical for a larger West End engagement, expanding its reach and cementing Perry’s legacy in both visual and performing arts.

The Rise of AI-Generated Hate OperationsScroll through any Facebook feed in Britain and, between the baby announcements and petty neighbourhood beefs, you're likely to come across an account with a union jack profile picture and a vague, generic name like Britain Today. These accounts – and there are hundreds, possibly thousands of them – present themselves as the work of British patriots. In one typical, AI-generated video, a middle-aged man claims his local cafe "has stopped serving pork, bacon and sausages just to avoid offending people". Another post from the same account includes a sepia-tinted set of images of Victorian London, mourning a time when the city "was English, first-world and beautiful". Alongside this type of reactionary nostalgia, it's not unusual to see memes that call Islam a "cancer", decry Muslims praying in public as an "invasion of the west" or promote the "great replacement theory".The Financial Incentives Behind AI Hate ContentFor the past seven months, I have been investigating who is really behind pages like these. The answer, it turns out, is often young, entrepreneurial men from south Asia. They tend to have zero interest in UK politics, but the content they create often boosts far-right talking points in Britain and contributes to the increasingly hostile atmosphere for immigrants and British Muslims. They're part of a booming cottage industry producing commercial AI slop.The financial incentives for creating this kind of content are huge, particularly for creators in the global south. At the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, we looked in detail at two very successful "sloperations" targeting British audiences from Pakistan and Sri Lanka. They make money from the online ads that Meta places next to high-performing content. Meta shares a proportion of the ad revenue with the creators and also makes direct payments to creators to reward posts that receive a lot of engagement.Once you hone your algorithmic rage bait, there's very good money to be made from slop. The Pakistani creator, a devout Muslim who we are not naming for his own safety, told us he makes $1,500 (£1,119) a month from one of his pages alone; Geeth Sooriyapura, the Sri Lankan creator, claimed to have made $300,000 over the course of his Facebook career. We weren't able to verify these figures, but both men were certainly making many times the average income in their countries.The Economic Impact of AI-Generated PropagandaTheir success represents the seductive promise of "passive income" culture, a pervasive modern gospel that says you should quit your job and make easy money online. The proponents of this philosophy also often sell courses as an additional revenue stream: Sooriyapura claimed that 2,500 people, mainly other Sri Lankans, have graduated from his content academy.Rightwing propaganda and Islamophobia are, of course, not new. But two key structural factors have made it particularly pervasive on social media.The Technological and Policy EnablersFirst, the wide availability of generative AI tools. These are used at every stage of the content creation process: to brainstorm ideas, to write captions and, most importantly, to create compelling images and videos. This is particularly helpful if, like the Pakistani creator, you do not speak English well. In one video we reviewed from Sooriyapura's Facebook course, he told his students that AI-generated videos can help political content go viral up to 10 times faster.Second is Meta's retreat from content moderation. Over the past couple of years, the major social platforms have made mass redundancies on the trust and safety teams that monitored and took down harmful content. This was partly motivated by pressure from the Trump administration, which believed that platforms had engaged in heavy-handed censorship of content during the Biden presidency.Social media companies justify the moderation job cuts by pointing to their use of AI to find harmful content more efficiently. But our reporting shows there is masses of deeply offensive content on there which anyone could find in a few minutes, if they bothered to look.The Future of Online Hate Speech and Platform AccountabilityAfter we spoke to the Pakistani creator, he said it was a "good thing" we had informed him about the nature of his posts and he deleted many of them. Sooriyapura told us that he did not encourage his students to "spread violence" and that he just educates "people on Facebook monetisation and audience-targeting".The Pakistani creator didn't cover his tracks particularly well. It took me a couple of hours and a little help from Osint Industries, a platform that collates information on social media accounts, to definitively confirm that the person who ran the Islamophobic slop account also had personal accounts in his own name sharing verses from the Qur'an. These are actions that Meta easily could have taken itself. But why would it spend good money implementing its own policies when there is so little political or regulatory pressure to do so?When we contacted Meta in both these cases, it took down many of their pages and sent a one-line statement: "We have clear community standards that prohibit hate speech, harassment, harmful misinformation and inauthentic behaviour and we have removed these accounts for violating our policies." I've been a tech journalist long enough to have been through this process with Meta and other social platforms many times before. The Sri Lanka network is, depressingly, back up and running, having faced minimal consequences after a bit of downtime.Meta can, and should, be doing more to take these kinds of accounts down. But as long as its core product is an algorithmic feed that financially rewards content that provokes extreme emotions, others will always appear in its place.

WHO announced that an emergency committee will convene later Tuesday to evaluate the rapidly worsening Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as the death toll rises to 131 among 513 suspected cases. WHO Schedules Emergency Committee to Address Escalating Ebola Outbreak Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told the World Health Assembly that he is “deeply concerned about the scale and speed of the epidemic.” The committee, composed of international experts, will provide technical advice to the WHO chief. Death Toll Climbs to 131 Amid 513 Suspected Cases 131 estimated deaths (up from 91 previously reported) 513 suspected cases (up from 350) Fatality rate of the Bundibugyo strain can reach up to 50% Regional Spread and Lack of Countermeasures Heighten Global Concern The outbreak’s epicenter is in the Ituri province on the border with Uganda and South Sudan, and the virus has already been detected up to 200 km from ground zero, including spill‑over into neighbouring provinces. No approved vaccine exists for the Bundibugyo strain, though the Merck‑produced Ervebo vaccine for the Zaire strain shows some protective evidence in animal studies. Six tons of personal protective equipment and medical supplies are arriving in the DRC, supplementing an earlier shipment of 12 tons. What the Next Weeks May Hold for the DRC Outbreak The emergency committee will discuss possible vaccine deployment, including the potential use of Ervebo, and other containment measures. International assistance is already mobilising, with Germany preparing to treat a U.S. citizen infected in the DRC and the WHO coordinating supply deliveries.

The LeadScars of war are laid bare in daylight across Sudan’s capital, yet signs of recovery are visible along the city’s roads. While rubble is being cleared and traffic slowly returning, the reality of life in Khartoum is a stark contrast between bustling commercial strips and ghostly residential districts. Refugees and displaced residents are returning cautiously, as official statements about normalcy often clash with the ground realities.The Fragmented Heart of KhartoumThe city’s recovery is highly uneven, with wealthy districts remaining largely deserted. Areas such as Garden City, Manshiya, Riyadh, Taif, Maamoura, Arkawit, and Mujahideen in the south see little to no activity. In central Khartoum, the silence over the ruined Arab Market and city centre is profound, with most ministries and institutions still empty.However, pockets of life persist. Along Freedom Street, known for electrical appliances, and Sixty Street, a major link between north and south, shops, banks, and restaurants have reopened. Yet, the residential areas behind these commercial hubs remain quiet by day and shrouded in darkness at night due to power outages.The Ghost Towns and Booming SuburbsResident return is cautious, influenced by factors such as income, education, healthcare, and psychological trauma. Interestingly, the Karari locality in northern Omdurman has seen significant growth. As the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) were absent during the war, Karari has inherited the commercial and institutional role of Khartoum, making it a relative beneficiary of the conflict.The real estate market reflects this instability. A growing supply of homes for sale is attracting buyers, particularly in eastern districts. Property prices have fallen by 30 to 40 percent, depending on location and condition. Most buyers are traders and businesspeople looking to capitalize on low prices, though they prefer ready-built properties due to high construction costs.The Economic Strain of SurvivalFor families returning to Khartoum, daily life has become a struggle. Prices shift rapidly amid a severe economic crisis. A common phrase among shoppers is “every day brings a new increase,” forcing families to reduce consumption or rely on debt and remittances.Bread Crisis: The staple has become a burden, rising to five times its pre-war level.Imports: Most goods are imported from Egypt by land and Saudi Arabia by sea.Transport: Rising costs and worn-out buses add to the burden, though digital payments are becoming ubiquitous.The Future OutlookDespite the hardships, residents are determined to restore their way of life. The real estate market may see a rebound within a year if prices return to pre-war levels, but the psychological scars of the war and the ongoing instability in the capital will likely delay a full return for many families for the foreseeable future.

The Rise of Andy Burnham in UK PoliticsWith UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer under pressure from within his own party to announce his resignation, Manchester Mayor Andy Burnham has announced an ambitious plan of his own – to win a parliamentary seat in the northern English town Ashton-in-Makerfield. According to his supporters, he is the best candidate to replace Starmer by the time of the Labour Party's next annual conference in September.Many in the party are hungry for a change following a series of missteps, culminating in a disastrous showing in local elections in early May. Despite winning an overwhelming majority in the 2024 general election, Labour languishes in the polls, often coming second to the right-wing Reform party. According to Ipsos, Starmer is the most unpopular prime minister since polling began in the late 1970s.Burnham's Political Journey: From Insider to OutsiderAnalysts say Burnham has appeal because of his apparent distance from the "Westminster bubble." That perception was consolidated in February when, in a move seen by many as protecting a vulnerable Starmer, Labour's ruling National Executive Committee (NEC) prevented Burnham from standing in the Manchester Gorton and Denton by-election, which was eventually won by the Green Party.Burnham, whose speech is peppered with northern colloquialisms, leans into his outsider status. But he has also served as a prominent member of Labour's front bench, both in power and opposition. Before winning the Manchester mayoralty in 2017, he served as Chief Secretary to the Treasury and later Secretary of State for Health under Gordon Brown, giving him a front-line role in managing the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis and NHS reform debates during a period of tightening public spending.He also twice challenged for the party's leadership. Firstly, in 2010, after Gordon Brown resigned following Labour's general election defeat, he entered the contest only to finish fourth behind winner Ed Miliband. In 2015, after Ed Miliband stepped down, he was a distant second to Jeremy Corbyn.The "King of the North" and His Political ImpactHis disillusionment with mainstream politics began in 2009, when he was culture secretary. At an event marking the anniversary of the Hillsborough Disaster, in which 97 Liverpool fans were crushed to death 20 years earlier, he was heckled, prompting a campaign for an inquiry."I realised was that the entire British state had been ignoring an English city crying out for justice for 20 years. It wasn't just by accident. It was deliberate," he said in January. "I was thrown into crisis by that invitation because I was in a government that hadn't done anything for the Liverpool supporters and the city of Liverpool."From his victory in 2017 to his re-elections in 2021 and 2024, Burnham has focused on expanding devolved powers for the city region, including greater control over transport, housing and skills funding. His tenure has also been marked by the introduction of bus franchising reforms, the so-called Bee Network, designed to bring services back under public control, alongside initiatives addressing homelessness and rough sleeping.His high-profile clashes with Westminster during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly over funding for local restrictions in Greater Manchester, led sections of the press to dub him the "King of the North," a moniker that first emerged humorously in 2020 but has come to be viewed more seriously as his national profile has grown.Burnham's Stances on Key Global IssuesBurnham's conflicts with Labour are not confined to national issues. In late October 2023, while much of the Labour Party was offering Israel support, Burnham joined with London Mayor Sadiq Khan and Scottish Labour leader Anas Sarwar in calling for a ceasefire in Gaza.Burnham has criticised Israel's illegal settlements and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. He visited the occupied West Bank with Labour Friends of Palestine in 2012 and told the Palestine Solidarity campaign in July that year that statehood was "not a gift to be given but a right to be recognised".However, he also supports Israel. A member of Labour Friends of Israel since 2015, Burnham said during his leadership campaign then that if successful, his first state visit would be to Israel. He also dismissed the campaign to boycott Israel "spiteful".While a strident critic of the so-called War on Terror, he nevertheless voted in favour of the Iraq war, and twice against an inquiry. In 2023, he conceded that while there was a case for removing Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein, "I can't justify the rage, the rhetoric, the haste with which it was done, nor the lack of a plan for the aftermath."Burnham also backs the UK's traditional network of alliances. He has criticised the UK's exit from the bloc, using an appearance at last year's conference to lambast his own party for its failure to "call out" the economic damage Brexit had done. He told a fringe event that he hoped in his lifetime to see the UK rejoin the EU. He has shown firm support to Nato, threatening to quit Jeremy Corbyn's cabinet if it decided to leave the alliance if elected.The Path to Downing Street: Challenges and OpportunitiesStanding between Burnham and 10 Downing Street is an as yet unscheduled by election and the insurgent right wing Reform Party. Leader Nigel Farage has told reporters the party will "throw absolutely everything" at the Ashton in Makerfield by-election.So, while Burnham may enjoy the title of King of the North. His coronation remains uncertain. The coming months will be critical as Burnham seeks to establish his credentials as a potential national leader while navigating the complex landscape of UK politics, both within his own party and in the wider political arena.

The Challenge of Translating ShakespeareThe great Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, who translated William Faulkner, André Gide, Franz Kafka and Virginia Woolf into Spanish, drew the line at Shakespeare. Speaking of the moment when Hamlet asks the ghost why it returns to haunt "the glimpses of the moon", Borges commented: "I don't think it can be translated. Perhaps the words can be translated. Certainly Shakespeare cannot be translated. 'The glimpses of the moon' means exactly 'the glimpses of the moon'."All, however, is not lost. "It has been said that Shakespeare cannot be translated into any other language," Borges added. "But Shakespeare cannot be translated into English, either, since he wrote what [Robert Louis] Stevenson called 'that amazing dialect, the Shakespeare-ese'." This might not be entirely true, as the translator Daniel Hahn points out in this superbly diverting book. Recalling a hip-hop production of Romeo and Juliet he once saw, he persuades us instantly that "the phrase 'Do you kiss your teeth at me, fam?' proved to be a perfect translation of 'Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?'"Shakespeare Across LanguagesAnd if into English, then why not into Portuguese, or French, or Māori? Hahn's project is to argue that "Shakespeare with every word changed can still be great, and can remain Shakespeare", and to that end he reproduces chunks of Dutch, Russian, Welsh, Thai, Arabic, Japanese, and a dozen other languages, betting that by simply counting syllables or observing alliteration in a language one doesn't understand (as he cheerfully admits, he doesn't understand Danish), one can learn something about the quality of a translation. I wasn't convinced that wager worked much of the time, but the typesetters, as you can imagine, were certainly getting a decent workout, and the gambit does finally pay off when a long passage from Twelfth Night is annotated by boxes mentioning dozens of different translators' choices.Cultural Adaptations in TranslationWhat really illuminates the book are Hahn's conversations with his fellow translators, who can explain their choices directly. In Māori, we learn, Lady Macbeth's question to her husband, "Are you a man?", makes no sense at all, so the translator Te Haumihiata Mason renders it as something roughly meaning "Have you got balls?" – "which is," Hahn notes contentedly, "exactly what Lady M is asking." Meanwhile, Prince Hal's name means "fish" in Hungarian, which would be unhelpfully distracting, so it gets changed to Riki, short for Henrik.Hahn also offers many asides about the annoyances and pleasures of translation in general. "The word 'literal' is annoyingly overused to suggest a sort of 'neutral' translation, which cannot exist," he complains; and he shows that, in many cases, a non-literal choice would be better. When Mark Antony imagines Caesar's spirit to "cry 'Havoc'", for example, the closest Portuguese word is the rather weak-sounding "devastação"; a better choice, Hahn shows, is "matança" (killing), because it's shorter and more easily shoutable.Translating Verse and JokesEach chapter addresses a different question translators face, for example whether to translate into verse (careful: as one French translator observes, you risk making "a genius into a talented versifier"), or how to translate jokes: it's usually best, everyone agrees, to create an entirely new joke – "being faithful to the laugh", as Hahn calls it. In a German Midsummer Night's Dream, to preserve the doggerel rhymes, we are promised not that Thisbe will be in "mulberry shade" but that she will be "hiding like a newt". Translators might even embrace the possibility of a joke where none previously existed – which Hahn illustrates brightly by mentioning that the "sorting hat" in Harry Potter has become, in French, le choixpeau (the chapeau that chooses).Poetic Elements and Title AdaptationsCan you even preserve alliteration? Sometimes, if you're lucky: Love's Labour's Lost received the surely unimprovable Greek title of "Agapēs Agōnas Agonos" ("the struggles of love are barren"). But when no such fortunate tricks are available, you can simply replace one idiom with another: so, in Spanish, Much Ado About Nothing is often called "A lot of noise, not many nuts".There are quibbles to be made here and there. Hahn calls a line from Richard III "irregular" after counting syllables, but it's a perfectly regular line that begins with an anapest (da-da-dum). And when Juliet says to Romeo "You kiss by th'book", Hahn glosses this as her approvingly noting his "formal courtship", but she is surely issuing a flirtatious challenge. And – this being the publisher's rather than the author's fault – the book has been produced, inexplicably, without an index.The Value of TranslationAll may be forgiven, though, for the delight and endless curiosity displayed in these pages. "In Shakespeare, people get sad with precision," Hahn enthuses. And he is cherishably bitchy about certain literary "translators" who somehow produce new English versions of Chekhov or Ibsen without speaking the source language – the process being, as he surmises, "a sort of high-status prettying up of a so-called 'literal' translation". By the end of the book, Hahn has amply demonstrated not only the treasures of other languages, but also the rich and strange inexhaustibility of Shakespeare himself.