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The Lead Swiss startup VunaNexus has developed a technology to recycle urine into a natural fertiliser called Aurin, which is certified for use on all plants by Swiss and French authorities. The Urine Recycling Process The process involves collecting urine from special toilets, treating it, and concentrating its nutrients into a liquid fertiliser. The urine is collected from special toilets that separate the liquid from water, and then it is treated in a small plant in the basement of the building. The treatment process removes micropollutants and concentrates the valuable nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The Data Analysis The fertiliser, Aurin, is sold to farmers, used in gardens and on house plants, and is being tested by city authorities in Paris, Lausanne, and Zurich. VunaNexus says that if all the urine of people in Europe were recycled, it could cover around 30% of the nitrogen need. The Impact Analysis The fertiliser market has become increasingly vulnerable due to the conflict in Ukraine, which has sent fertiliser prices soaring. The UN has said that 45 million people are at risk of acute hunger because of the conflict in the Middle East as fertiliser prices soar and the supply shock threatens food security in some of the world's poorest countries. The Prediction VunaNexus needs to scale its fertiliser production and get paid for the wastewater treatment service it provides to become competitive on the agricultural market. The company is working on finding ways to deliver improved urban sanitation that can produce fertilisers, and its technology is being rolled out across a newly developed eco neighbourhood in Paris, which will be the biggest project of its kind in Europe.

The Lead In a revealing interview, Mark Williams, beloved for his portrayal of Arthur Weasley in the Harry Potter films, shares candid insights about his experiences on set, his relationships with fellow cast members, and the enduring impact of his iconic roles on both his career and public recognition. On-Set Memories and Fellow Actors Williams reflects on the challenges and joys of filming the Harry Potter series, noting that the worst part was "being away from home and the long hours," while the best was "the work and talking to the other actors." He recalls the legendary storytelling abilities of his co-stars, particularly Michael Gambon and Richard Griffiths, whose backstage anecdotes were "brilliant, and completely unpublishable." One of the more unusual on-set activities involved browsing agricultural equipment magazines with Robbie Coltrane. "With Robbie Coltrane I used to like going through Plant Trader, which was a sales magazine for big stuff: cranes, tractors, earthmoving equipment. We never purchased anything, but we came close," Williams reveals. The Unexpected Recognition Williams shares an amusing anecdote about recognizing someone unexpected on the Harry Potter set. While filming in the Ministry of Magic, he spotted his accountant among the extras. "When we'd stopped shooting I went over and said: 'Harry? What are you doing?' He said: 'Oh, it's a group of us. We just come and do supporting artist extra work for a laugh. That guy over there is a high court judge, and he's a contract law specialist.'" This experience taught him to "never underestimate the extras," highlighting the diverse backgrounds of people working in the film industry. Career Highlights and Collaborations When asked about his favorite collaborations, Williams cites two distinct areas: working with Hugh Laurie in films like "101 Dalmatians" and "The Borrowers," and his relationships with costume departments. He recalls a particularly memorable meeting with costume designer Bunny Christie on "Shakespeare in Love," who looked him up and down and declared, "Hmm, a make, I think," making him feel like he'd "arrived" in the industry. Williams also discusses his role as Brian Williams in "Doctor Who," describing his character as "the sort of antihero," and expresses his fondness for the maritime culture of the British Isles, which he'd love to explore in a potential documentary series. Iconic Catchphrases and Public Perception The interview touches on Williams' most famous catchphrases from "The Fast Show," including "Suits you, sir" and "Nice." While he doesn't find himself frequently quoting these lines in everyday life, he reveals that his mother used to say "Which was nice" without acknowledging its origin. When asked if he's tired of hearing his catchphrases, Williams responds with characteristic humor: "If you can't do the time, don't do the crime." When asked which catchphrase he wishes was his, Williams singles out Catherine Tate's "How very dare you?" as "a work of genius," noting its political undertones and versatility. Life Beyond Harry Potter Williams discusses his current role as Father Brown, revealing his love for the "Britishness" of music hall traditions and the "lunacy, the madness of it." While he has an excellent voice and can perform an uncanny George Formby impression, he hasn't pursued a singing career, though he has played Doctor Dolittle on tour. He also shares his thoughts on the Harry Potter studio tour, particularly fond of "Fluffy's paw," describing it as "a giant animatronic hand" that reminds him of Ray Harryhausen's work, noting that such creations are unique to films.

The Lead At first, the small purple flowers are hard to spot in the weak May sunshine. Slowly the drifts of delicate mountain pansies, along with the white rosettes of alpine pennycress, begin to jump out, scattered across an area little bigger than a football pitch, on the banks of the River Allen in Northumberland. The Metal-Tolerant Ecosystem This is a pocket of calaminarian grassland, an increasingly rare habitat where specialist plants called metallophytes have adapted to live in soils deeply contaminated by heavy metals, the legacy of more than 1,000 years of lead mining. "This is absolutely a case of nature responding to pollution caused by humans," says Geoff Dobbins, estates manager for the Northumberland Wildlife Trust, who is passionate about saving these grasslands. The Evolution of Metallophytes The grasslands originally evolved in small patches around rocky upland outcrops, where veins of lead, cadmium and zinc had been exposed by the elements. As these began to be mined, according to Dr Ruth Starr-Keddle, a botanist at the North Pennines National Landscape, a biocrust of lichens and mosses developed that could tolerate toxic wastewater washing over them. The Natural Cleanup Process Despite their delicate appearance, these specialist plants can live in soils 30 times more toxic than most other species can tolerate. As they grow, metallophytes act as "hyper-accumulators," cleansing the soils that feed them through a process called phytoremediation. This turns the metals they absorb through their roots into complex organic compounds, which are locked away below the surface once the plants die. The Mining Legacy The barren, rocky uplands of the northern Pennines were first mined by the Romans, but the industry reached its peak in the mid-18th century. Today, the landscape is dotted with abandoned workings and spoil heaps; some high up on the moors, others closer to the rivers and the water the industry needed. "If you took samples from most of the rivers in the North Pennines, most have got contamination from lead mining in them," says Dr Starr-Keddle. The Future of These Unique Habitats As they become cloaked in more thuggish plants such as gorse and broom, and the zinc and lead brought by mine-wash became slowly buried beneath a blanket of humus, there is a growing debate about whether these human-made meadows should be protected or allowed to gently fade away. About 30% of Europe's calaminarian grasslands are found in the UK, although they are scarce, covering just 450 hectares (1,100 acres), with pockets in northern England, mid-Wales and the Highlands of Scotland.

Monsoon rains have finally arrived in India’s southeastern state of Kerala, marking a pivotal moment for the nation's agricultural calendar. While the arrival was delayed by three days compared to the historical average of June 1, the advance is proceeding as expected, offering a critical window for farmers to plant essential summer crops. The Critical 3-Day Window for Indian Agriculture The timing of the monsoon is not merely meteorological; it is economic. The three-day delay was a source of anxiety for the agricultural sector, as the window for sowing crops like cotton, soya beans, sugarcane, rice, and corn is narrow. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has confirmed that conditions are favourable for the southwest monsoon to advance further into the central Arabian Sea, Goa, parts of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu over the next two to three days. Monsoon as the Engine of India's $4 Trillion Economy For India, the world's fifth-largest economy, the monsoon is the single most important factor determining the health of its agricultural sector. With an economy valued at $4 trillion, the nation relies on the rains to deliver approximately 70 percent of the total rainfall required for a successful harvest. This dependence extends beyond just food production; the rains are essential for replenishing aquifers and reservoirs that support the broader economy. The Looming Shadow of El Nino While the current arrival is a relief, the long-term outlook is concerning. The IMD recently warned that an El Nino-weakened monsoon in 2026 could result in the driest season the country has seen in 11 years. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has placed the likelihood of an El Nino event from June to August at 80 percent. This climate phenomenon, which warms surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, typically drives more extreme weather patterns, posing a significant threat to food security and economic stability. Global Climate Warning: UN Secretary-General's Assessment The urgency of the situation has been highlighted by global leaders. United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has described El Nino as "arriving on our doorstep," warning that it will "pour fuel on the fire of a warming world." As the world prepares for these extreme weather shifts, India's agricultural sector faces a dual challenge: securing the current harvest and preparing for a potentially volatile climate future.

The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) has raised the assessed threat level on Israeli spying from “high” to “critical,” reflecting growing worries that Israel is intensifying surveillance of top U.S. officials as the war with Iran drags on. Pentagon Elevates Israeli Spy Threat to “Critical” According to NBC News and The New York Times, anonymous sources say the DIA’s decision stems from a surge in aggressive Israeli intelligence activities dating from late 2024, when the Biden administration increased pressure on Israel over the Gaza conflict. The heightened alert follows reports that Israel is attempting to monitor White House deliberations about ending the war. Previous threat level: high New threat level: critical Key targets cited: U.S. President Donald Trump, special envoy Steve Witkoff, Pentagon policy official Elbridge Colby and deputy Michael DiMino IV Historical incidents: attempted listening‑device planting at DIA headquarters (2021) and in a Secret Service vehicle (2025) Implications for US‑Israel Intelligence Cooperation The upgrade places Israel above all current allies in the DIA’s assessment, underscoring a perceived breach of the long‑standing intelligence partnership. While the United States continues to provide billions in military aid and is debating a defence bill that would deepen joint R&D, the reported espionage activities could strain diplomatic ties and prompt tighter counter‑intelligence measures. Potential Shifts in Diplomatic and Defense Posture Analysts warn that the “critical” rating may lead to: Increased scrutiny of Israeli personnel and assets operating on U.S. soil. Possible revisions to the pending defence bill that integrates U.S. and Israeli weapons research. Heightened public and congressional debate over the scope of U.S. military aid to Israel amid the Gaza war. Both Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu have publicly diverged on war strategy, and the intelligence alert could influence future negotiations and the overall trajectory of the US‑Israel‑Iran conflict.

The Pond Picasso's Environmental JourneyIn a boggy field in Somerset, Shaun Hancox operates an orange and black excavator, rhythmically removing lumpy clay soil and sculpting it into brown banks. What appears as a scar of bare earth on what was once green pasture will soon transform into a thriving freshwater ecosystem once rain fills the newly created depressions. This is the work of "the Picasso of ponds," a man who has transitioned from shaping golf courses to creating vital wildlife habitats across Britain.The Art and Science of Pond Creation"There's a lot more thought that goes into it than digging a hole," explains Hancox of Creative Wetlands. His background in golf course construction has given him unique insights into water movement and landscape design. "A golf ball rolls very much how water moves. When you're putting in a wildlife pond, you look at the landscape and give your pond the best chance of holding water and doing what it should do." The shapes of his ponds are "almost golf course bunkers but in a more rustic, natural way." At Heal Somerset, a 185-hectare former dairy farm being rewilded, Hancox is digging four new ponds, including one double-bowled pond 30 meters in diameter specifically for great-crested newts.The Decline of Britain's Freshwater HabitatsBritain has lost at least 400,000 ponds over the past century, according to the Freshwater Habitats Trust. A similar number remain, but many are overgrown, degraded, or affected by nutrient pollution. "Everyone realises we're in a sorry state with freshwater and it needs to be addressed," says Hancox. This decline has had devastating consequences for aquatic and semi-aquatic species that depend on these freshwater ecosystems for breeding, feeding, and shelter.Transforming Landscapes for WildlifeThe ponds created by Hancox and his team are specifically designed to maximize their ecological impact. Crucially, these new ponds are not connected to any river system, which can wash nutrient-rich or polluted water into them. Instead, they are charged by clean rainwater or clean groundwater, enabling more delicate aquatic plants to thrive. Within a year of being created, the ponds fill with aquatic life, including damselflies and dragonflies, and provide food and shelter for birds, from moorhens to house martins, who feed on the insects and use the pond-side mud to build nests.The Future of Freshwater ConservationInitiatives like the Newt Conservation Partnership, a coalition of the Freshwater Habitats Trust and the Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust, are working to ensure these habitats are maintained long-term. The partnership operates across 70 local authorities in England and ensures that any new pond habitat is maintained for 25 years, with ponds inspected and landowners receiving annual payments to manage them. "It guarantees that they will be suitable for newts in 25 years' time," says Pete Case of the Newt Conservation Partnership. "When it comes to newt conservation, everyone focuses on making a pond, but newts spend two-thirds of their life on land. If you don't get that bit right, they aren't going to do so well." This comprehensive approach to habitat creation and management represents a promising model for future conservation efforts across Britain and beyond.

The ‘Pig Election’: How Denmark’s Vote Turned Against Intensive Pig FarmingThe third‑term victory of Mette Frederiksen was framed not only as a social‑policy win but also as a historic pledge for animals. Campaigners branded the March 24 vote the “pig election”, rallying public opinion around the country’s ultra‑intensive pork sector, which produces roughly 30 million piglets a year – a stark contrast to the 60,000 human babies born annually.Led by Britta Riis of Animal Protection Denmark and supported by Greenpeace Denmark, the Danish Society for Nature Conservation and the National Association against Pig Factories, the “Alliance for a pig election” united NGOs with four left‑wing parties to push the issue onto televised debates and parliamentary agendas.Numbers Behind the Crisis: Piglet Mortality, Land Use, and Water PollutionAverage sows wean > 37 piglets per year; top 10 % of farms reach 43, compared with the Netherlands’ 31.Typical sows have 14 teats yet produce up to 20 piglets per litter.Annual piglet deaths total 9 million (over 25,000 per day).About 95 % of surviving piglets have tails docked; sows are confined in farrowing crates.Approximately 25 % of Denmark’s landmass is dedicated to pig feed production.Water testing shows toxic pesticide residues in 56 % of drinking‑water catchments and nitrate leaching threatens groundwater.The municipality of Aalborg sued the state over nitrate contamination, estimating a DKr1.1 bn (€147 m/£127 m) cost for a 30‑year water‑treatment plant.Political Ripple Effects: New Government Commitments and Sector ReformPolling indicated that 53 % of Danes said animal‑welfare would definitely influence their vote, while 95 % demanded urgent action on drinking‑water quality. In response, the new coalition – comprising the Social Democrats, the Green Left and the Social Liberals, with backing from the Red‑Green Alliance – incorporated the following measures into its programme:Ban routine tail docking and extreme breeding practices.Mandate larger space allowances for sows and piglets.Establish a special commission to overhaul the entire pig‑farming sector.Empower local communities to block new factory farms and expansions.Reduce the legal nitrate limit in drinking water from 50 mg/L to 6 mg/L, aligning with expert recommendations.The strategy aims to shift Denmark from an export‑driven, ultra‑intensive model to a low‑density, sustainable, domestic‑facing system.What Comes Next for Danish Agriculture and European Food PolicyImplementation will hinge on the newly created commission’s ability to redesign supply chains, enforce stricter environmental standards and secure funding for the massive water‑treatment infrastructure demanded by Aalborg. If successful, Denmark could set a precedent for EU member states grappling with similar intensive‑farming pressures, potentially reshaping European food policy toward greener, animal‑friendly practices.

The War Economy: A Billionaire’s Perspective from the FrontlineUkraine is reeling from its heaviest aerial raid in months, with at least 25 people killed in the night sky. In the aftermath, Rinat Akhmetov, the country's wealthiest oligarch and owner of Shakhtar Donetsk, gives a rare interview from a location outside Kyiv. This conversation marks the 90th anniversary of the club and the 30th year of Akhmetov's leadership, offering a unique insight into how the war has reshaped his personal and professional life.From Coal Traders to Champions: The Akhmetov StrategyAkhmetov’s rise from a child in 1970s Donbas to the owner of one of eastern Europe’s most influential football clubs is a story of calculated risk and strategic foresight. His journey began not in football, but in the volatile economy of the 1990s.The Proximity of Danger: Akhmetov was five seconds away from death when his business partner and predecessor, Akhat Bragin, was killed in a stadium explosion in 1995. This tragedy left the club abandoned, with players earning as little as $200 or $300 a month.Industrial Expansion: Leveraging the collapse of the Soviet Union, Akhmetov moved from trading coke and coal to acquiring cheap stakes in metallurgy plants. He revitalized the Yenakiieve plant, where workers previously earned $45 a month, transforming it into a globally competitive enterprise.Breaking the Mold: To break Dynamo Kyiv's dominance, Akhmetov hired foreign managers like Nevio Scala and Mircea Lucescu. He argued that a patriot is someone who works for Ukraine's benefit, regardless of origin, a philosophy that yielded 22 trophies over 12 years.The Financial Toll of Occupation and the Iron and Steelworks of AzovstalThe conflict in Donbas has been devastating for Akhmetov’s industrial empire. Since the occupation began in 2014, his businesses have suffered severe losses. The Azovstal iron and steelworks became a global symbol of Ukraine's resilience during the 2022 siege, though it came at a massive cost to the local economy.Shakhtar was forced to flee their home, losing the Donbas Arena—a stadium that once held 40,000 to 50,000 fans—to the occupying forces. The club's relocation to Lviv and Poland turned them into a powerful ambassador for the Ukrainian state, using the Conference League semi-finals to keep the world's attention on the war.Shakhtar as a Symbol of Ukrainian ResilienceAkhmetov reveals that Shakhtar has always been pro-Ukrainian, evidenced by their 2007 decision to use the Ukrainian spelling of their name over the Russian one. However, the full-scale invasion has crystallized this identity. The club is now viewed globally as a symbol of the fight for independence, sovereignty, and freedom.The Road to Donbas: A Promise Kept and BrokenFor years, Akhmetov maintained a moral imperative: he vowed not to attend another game until Shakhtar returned to their beloved Donbas Arena. This promise was broken last month when he returned for the Conference League quarter-final following the death of his long-time manager, Mircea Lucescu. The spontaneous decision was driven by emotion, as the players' applause during the warm-up moved him to tears. It marks a significant moment in the club's history, signaling a potential return to the region that birthed them, even as the war continues.

The Plight of Sumatra's Elephants Two elephants, a mother and her calf, were found dead in the Indonesian province of Bengkulu, in an area of 'production forest' in southern Sumatra. The cause of their deaths, along with that of a tiger nearby, is still being investigated. This is not an isolated case, as conservationists report that seven wild elephants have died in Bengkulu since 2018. Habitat Loss and Human-Elephant Conflict The population of Sumatran elephants (Elephas Maximus Sumatranus) around the Seblat district of Bengkulu once thrived but has plummeted due to poaching and deforestation driven by farming and palm oil plantations. The population has decreased from an estimated 100-150 individuals in 2010 to not more than 50 today. Conservation Efforts To protect the remaining elephants, the Bengkulu Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA) has begun monitoring Seblat using a thermal-imaging drone. The aim is to establish the extent of the elephant population and its habitat, and what should be done to protect it. The agency hopes to reveal the health of the population by identifying the number of calves, which is crucial for the long-term genetic sustainability of the population. The Future of Sumatra's Elephants Conservationists stress that monitoring alone is not enough; the root of the problem – habitat loss and human-elephant conflict – must be addressed. The Indonesian government has taken steps, including revoking the permits of two logging companies. However, more needs to be done to ensure the survival of Sumatra's elephants.